2012年6月，联合国可持续发展大会重申了自然资本的重要性。超过50个国家和86家企业联合起来，对包括空气、清洁水资源、森林和其他生态系统在内的自然资本价值纳入商业决策和国家的国民核算体系表示支持。

In June 2012,The United Nations sustainable development conference reiterated the importance of natural capital.More than fifty countries and 86 enterprises together,Including air/Clean water/Forest and other ecological system, natural capital value into business decisions and the state's national accounting system said support.

　什么是自然资本? What is the natural capital?

　　自然资本的概念在二十世纪早期被提出，包含了土壤、空气、水和植被等自然资产以及人类赖以生存的生态系统。研究显示，全球生态系统每年平均为人类提供约33万亿的资本。这一数字不可谓不大，但和金融资本、人力资本相比，自然资本的价值并未被全面认识，其利用方式多数也是不可持续的。如今，森林生态系统退化、水资源短缺、水土流失和湿地丧失与退化等严重的生态问题，使得生态保护备受瞩目，重新评估日渐稀缺的自然资本被提上了日程。

The concept of natural capital in the early twentieth century was put forward,Contains soil/air/Water and vegetation and other natural assets and human's survival and the ecological system.Research shows that,The global ecological system to provide a year on average about 33 trillion human capital.The number is not little,But and financial capital/Than human capital,Natural capital value has not been fully known,Using the way most are unsustainable.now,Forest ecological system degradation/Shortage of water resources/Soil and water loss and loss and degradation of wetland and serious ecological problems,Make ecological protection which is attracting lots of attention,To evaluate increasingly scarce natural capital is put on the agenda.

　自然资本被企业经营 Natural capital is enterprise management

　　广泛依赖但未得到尊重 Widely rely on but not respected

　　在国家层面，挪威等国已经将自然资本视为重要的国民财富，开始采取行动将自然资本纳入国民经济核算账户。在企业层面，情况还不是十分乐观。多数企业对生态系统服务、自然资本以及责任归属等认识还极为有限。虽然他们中的大多数已经认识到企业运营会对生态环境产生直接和间接的影响，但在传统思维中，生态环境为公司提供的服务被视为理所当然，宜居的气候、清洁的空气、干净的水和土壤等自然资本都被视作免费的资源。因此，绝大多数企业并未意识到自然资本的价值，更未将自然资本融入到企业经营决策过程中。

At the national level,Countries such as Norway has natural capital as important national wealth,Taking action will be natural capital into the national economic accounting account.At the corporate level,Situation is not very optimistic.Most of the enterprise on ecosystem services/Natural capital and responsibility, etc know also very limited.Although most of them have known to enterprise operation on the ecological environment will have a direct and indirect influence,But in the traditional thinking,The ecological environment for the company to provide services to be taken for granted,Livable climate/Clean air/Clean water and soil and other natural capital, are regarded as free resources.so,Most of the enterprise did not realize the value of natural capital,More not natural capital into the enterprise management decision process.

　　事实上，不少企业的经营和发展对生态系统非常依赖。例如，饮料企业依赖淡水的供给，农业企业依赖土壤和植物，旅游企业依赖自然景观。对这些企业来说，生态系统一旦恶化，就会给他们带来许多风险。世界资源研究所的报告指出，生态系统恶化会在运营、监管、声誉、产品营销及融资等方面给企业造成影响。时至今日，这些影响和风险仍未被系统性地提出和有效应对，商界还没有完全意识到他们的生意对生态系统的依赖程度。

In fact,A lot of enterprise management and development of the ecological system are very dependent on.Such as,Beverage enterprises rely on the supply of fresh water,Agricultural enterprises rely on soil and plants,Tourism enterprise rely on natural landscape.To the enterprise,,Ecological system once the deterioration,Will bring them a lot of risk.The world resources institute report says,Ecosystem deterioration in operation/supervision/reputation/Product marketing and financing etc to affect enterprise.today,These effects and risk is not systematically put forward and effectively cope with,Business is still not fully aware of their business on the ecological system dependence.

　国际组织尝试管理自然资本 International organizations try to manage natural capital

　　有人质疑，现在很多大企业都有各自的环境管理体系，难道这不是管理自然资本的体现么？实际上，传统的环境管理体系更适合解决污染和自然资源消耗的问题，并不能完全反映由于生态系统恶化给企业经营带来的风险。因此，企业应该运用新的分析工具和管理框架对自然资本进行管理。一些国际组织已经开发出适用于企业生态系统评估及自然资本管理的工具。例如，世界资源研究所、世界可持续发展工商理事会和子午线研究所共同开发的一种系统方法企业生态系统服务评估，这套方法通过系统评估公司对多种生态服务系统的依赖和影响程度，选取和公司运营最密切的优先生态服务系统，在此基础上，通过评估优先生态系统服务现状和趋势，辨识出可能导致的商业风险。这套方法可以帮助企业制定管理战略，以管理由于对生态系统的依赖而导致的风险。

Some question,Now many large enterprises has its own environmental management system,Is this not manage natural capital reflect it?In fact,The traditional environmental management system is more suitable for solving the pollution and natural resource consumption problem,And can not fully reflect the ecological system due to worsening the risks of enterprise management.so,Enterprise should use new analytical tools and management framework of natural capital management.Some international organizations have developed suitable for enterprise ecosystem assessment and natural capital management tool.Such as,The world resources institute/World business council for sustainable development and meridian institute jointly developed a system approach enterprise ecosystem service evaluation,This method through the system evaluation company for a variety of ecological service system depends on and influence degree,Select and company operating the most close priority ecological service system,On the basis of,Through the evaluation of ecosystem service priority status and trend,Identify may lead to business risk.This method can help enterprises to make management strategy,To manage the ecosystem depends on the result of risk.

　　国际上一些先进的企业已经开始了有关探索。知名运动品牌彪马公司对企业运营中环境影响产生的真实成本进行了测算，于2011年发布了环境损益账，成为全球首家公布环境损益账的企业。据其公布的数据，2010年，该企业对环境影响的经济成本为1.24亿英镑。测算环境影响的真实成本让公司认识到运营对自然资本的依赖及对环境产生的负面影响程度，会刺激企业采取行动改善现状，以提升企业从经济、环境和社会方面的综合竞争实力。据称，下一步环境损益账的运用还会有新的突破，环境损益账将会被运用到产品层面，使消费者了解到什么样的产品更具有可持续性。

Some international advanced enterprise had already started the exploration.Famous sports brand puma company for enterprise operation environment affects real cost estimates,In 2011, launched the environmental profit and loss account,Become a global environmental profit and loss accounts published the first of the enterprise.According to the published data,In 2010,,This enterprise into the environmental impact of economic cost for 124 million pounds.Measure the true costs of environmental impact for the company to realize operation on natural capital dependence on the environment and the negative influence,Will stimulate the enterprise to take action to improve the situation,In order to improve enterprise from the economic/Environmental and social aspects of the comprehensive competitive strength.it,The next step the use of environmental profit and loss accounts will have new breakthrough,Environmental profit and loss accounts will be applied to the product level,Make consumers to know what kind of product is more sustainable.

　　其他知名企业，如福特汽车、联合利华、戴尔、联想等，也都已经在水足迹、碳足迹及其他环境管理上做了很好的尝试。联合利华已计算出企业的水足迹，并将单位产品的用水量作为管理指标之一，提出到2020年单位产品的用水量减少一半的目标；在2009年环境管理体系中，联想运用温室气体议定书和碳足迹标准PAS2050，制订了到2012/2013年度，将碳能效提高10%的新目标。此类与自然资本相关的核算，可以帮助识别出企业（包括上游供应商）生产经营对自然资本过渡依赖或对环境产生严重影响的环节。据此，企业就可以有的放矢，重点改造，寻找更好的替代方案，降低因为对自然资本过渡依赖或对环境产生严重影响的经营风险。

Other well-known enterprises,Such as the ford motor/unilever/dell/Association, etc,Are in the water footprint/Carbon footprint and other environmental management to do a very good try.Unilever has calculated enterprise water footprint,And the unit product consumption as management is one of the indicators,Puts forward to 2020 unit product consumption reduce half of the target;In 2009 the environmental management system,Lenovo use greenhouse gas protocol and standard PAS2050 carbon footprint,Made to 2012/2013 year,Carbon energy efficiency increased by 10% of the new goal.This kind of natural capital and related accounting,Can help identify enterprise(Including upstream suppliers)The production and business operation of natural capital transition rely on or have a serious effect on the environment of the link.According to,Enterprise can have a definite object in view,Key transformation,Looking for a better alternative,Reduce because of natural capital transition rely on or have a serious effect on the environment risk management.

　自然资本或纳入财务报表 Natural capital or included in the financial statements

　　十八大会议中，生态文明建设被放在突出地位，生态系统和环境保护的重要性和紧迫性不仅被再次强调，且对自然资源价值的评估将成为保障生态文明建设的重要制度。十八大报告明确提出，“要把资源消耗、环境损害、生态效益纳入经济社会发展评价体系，建立体现生态文明的目标体系、考核办法、奖惩机制。”

In the eighteenth big meeting,Ecological civilization construction is in the outstanding position,Ecological system and environmental protection of the importance and urgency of not only be again,And on the value of natural resources evaluation will be the guarantee of the construction of the ecological civilization is an important system.Put forward the eighteenth big reports,"The resource consumption/Environmental damage/Ecological benefit evaluation system into the economic and social development,Establish reflect ecological civilization of the target system/Assessment method/Rewards and punishment mechanism."

　　可以预见，在中国自然资源的重要性将被继续突显，相关的量化指标将会成为衡量发展和对环境影响的重要依据。为此，自然资本的核算作为一种重要的评估工具和改进环境绩效的方法将被更为广泛地采纳，未来将会有更多的公司开展这项工作，甚至可能会在企业的财务报表上看到自然资本纳入其中。 （作者单位：商道纵横）

Can foresee,In China, the importance of natural resources will continue to be underlined,Relevant quantitative indicators will be the measure to development and impact on environment is an important basis.therefore,Natural capital accounting as an important evaluation tool and improve environmental performance method will be more widely adopted,The future there will be more companies to carry out the work,May even in the enterprise financial statements included in the see natural capital. (The author unit:And its)