全国工商联扶贫与社会服务部

The national association of industry and commerce poverty relief and social services

　　中国民（私）营经济研究会

In national(private)Camp of economic

　　仪陇县，位于四川省南充市东北部，面积1767平方公里，人口108万。

YiLongXian,Is located in the northeast of sichuan nanchong city,Covers an area of 1767 square kilometers,A population of 1.08 million.

　　2007年3月1日，中国首家村镇银行四川仪陇惠民村镇银行挂牌开业。这是中国银监会调整放宽农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策试点工作结出的“第一粒果子”，标志着一类崭新的农村银行业金融机构在我国农村地区正式诞生，也是我国在着力解决农村金融供需矛盾方面迈出的一大步。

On March 1, 2007,China's first town bank sichuan yilong village bank we open quotation.This is China's banking regulator adjusting relaxing rural banking financial institutions access policy pilot work of produce"The first grain of fruit",Marks a new rural financial institutions in the banking industry in China's rural areas formally birth,In our country is to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of rural financial make a big step.

　　基于此，2012年，全国工商联扶贫与社会服务部和中国民（私）营经济研究会联合调研组，赴四川省南充市仪陇县进行民间资本进入连片特困地区农村金融领域相关政策调研。

Based on this,In 2012,,The national association of industry and commerce poverty relief and social service and the national(private)The economic research joint research group,Nanchong city in sichuan province to YiLongXian for private capital into shall destitute areas of rural financial fields related policy research.

　　调研组深入到四川仪陇惠民村镇银行、仪陇县众乐融资担保有限公司、仪陇县蜀商贷款有限公司、四川仪陇惠民贷款公司和仪陇县武棚乡肖家梁村产业发展协会，以及仪陇县武棚乡生猪养殖基地、果蔬套作示范基地和仪陇县星辉科技园区进行了实地考察。

Research group of sichuan yilong we deeply into town bank/All the music YiLongXian financing guarantee co., LTD/YiLongXian shu business loan co., LTD/Sichuan yilong we loan companies and YiLongXian wu tent XiaoGuLiang village township industrial development association,And YiLongXian wu tent township pig breeding base/Fruit and vegetable interplanting demonstration base and YiLongXian star-light science and technology park on the on-the-spot investigation.

　　一个欠发达地区农村金融市场的现状 A less developed areas of rural financial market situation

　　1、 农村金融市场体系初步建立 1/ The rural financial market system has been set up preliminarily

　　在国有商业银行股份制改造过程中，2000年、2003年工商银行(601398,股吧)和建设银行(601939,股吧)相继退出仪陇金融市场，致使仪陇县域正规金融机构在其农村地区的金融服务严重不足。随着经济金融环境的逐步改善，2007年仪陇惠民村镇银行和惠民贷款公司等新型农村金融机构在全国率先成立，为仪陇县域金融市场注入新的活力。2008年，仪陇邮政储蓄银行成立。2009年9月工商银行回归仪陇县设点开业，2011年6月南充市美兴小额贷款公司在仪陇设立营业部，进一步活跃了仪陇农村金融市场。目前，仪陇县域已有政策性银行、国有商业银行、农村信用社、村镇银行、贷款公司、小额贷款公司、乡村产业发展协会、扶贫互助社、融资担保公司、涉农保险机构等金融组织，初步形成了多元化、多层次、广覆盖、竞争性的农村金融市场体系。截至2011年10月末，仪陇共计有金融服务组织机构13个，金融服务网点146个，每万人拥有金融服务网点1.3个，金融机构从业人员924人，每万人拥有金融服务人员8.32人。仪陇县域农村新型金融机构的出现，提高了当地农村金融服务水平和金融市场化程度。同时，从万人拥有的金融机构网点、人员数、县域存贷比、居民持有银行卡量等指标考量，仪陇县域农村金融市场的发育程度，还远未满足当地农村经济发展对金融服务的需求。

In the state-owned commercial bank stock system reform process,In 2000,/Commercial bank in 2003(601398,guba)And construction bank(601939,guba)Successive exit yilong financial markets,The yilong county formal financial institutions in the rural areas of financial services seriously insufficient.With the gradual improvement of economic and financial environment,2007 we yilong village bank and we loan companies, such as the new type of rural financial institutions established in the lead in,For yilong county financial market inject new vitality.In 2008,,Yilong postal savings bank was established.In September 2009 YiLongXian opened the second-hand commercial bank return,June 2011 nanchong city beauty and small loan companies in yilong set up the sales,Further active yilong rural financial market.At present,Yilong county has policy Banks/State-owned commercial Banks/Rural credit cooperatives/Town bank/Loan company/Small loan companies/Rural industry development association/Support poverty alleviation/Financing guarantee company/Agriculture insurance institutions, and other financial organizations,Initially formed diversified/multi-level/Wider coverage/A competitive rural financial market system.By the end of 2011 at the end of October,Yilong total of financial services organization 13,Financial services network 146,Every ten thousand people have financial services network 1.3,Financial institutions employees 924 people,Every ten thousand people have financial service personnel 8.32 people.Yilong county rural financial institutions appear,Improve the rural financial service level and the degree of financial liberalization.At the same time,From ten thousand people have financial institutions outlets/Personnel number/County deposit-loan ratio/Residents holding bank card quantity index considerations,Yilong county rural financial market development degree,Is far to meet the local rural economic development of financial service needs.

　　2、 村镇银行社会认知度依然不高 2/ Town bank social awareness is still not high

　　作为农村新型金融组织，村镇银行起步较晚，各项业务发展仍处于探索阶段,其社会认知度较低。从注册资本金看，村镇银行注册资本规模较小，机构后续可投放资金有限。村镇银行个人存款来源明显不足，单位存款流向主要趋于大型国有金融机构和地方政府支持的城市商业银行。村镇银行吸存主要集中于中小企业，吸存规模有限。目前仪陇惠民村镇银行作为“主要经验”的“三位一体”运作模式（指发起行南充市商业银行、四川仪陇惠民村镇银行、四川仪陇惠民贷款公司三家金融机构协同运作，南充市商业银行向村镇银行输送人才、技术和资金，村镇银行拓展南充市商业银行的业务范围和领域，达到整合金融资源的目的），实际上也从另一个角度反映了村镇银行社会认知度不高的无奈与尴尬。

As a new type of rural financial institutions,Bank villages and towns started late,The business development is still in the stage of exploration,The social awareness is relatively low.See from the registered capital,Town bank registered capital on a smaller scale,Institutions subsequent drop capital limited.Town bank individual deposit source is not enough,Unit deposit flow mainly tend to large state-owned financial institutions and local government support city commercial bank.Town bank attract deposits mainly focus on small and medium-sized enterprise,Suction deposit scale limited.At present we yilong village bank as"The main experience"of"trinity"Operation mode(Nanchong city commercial Banks to launch line/We sichuan yilong village bank/Sichuan yilong we loan company three financial institutions teaming,Nanchong city commercial bank to bank villages and towns talents/Technology and capital,Nanchong city village bank development commercial bank's business scope and fields,To achieve the purpose of integration of financial resources),In fact, from another Angle reflects the town bank social awareness is not high helpless and embarrassed.

　　村镇银行（包括贷款公司）受到资本金的制约，一般无法单独满足龙头企业、种养大户的大额信贷资金需求。例如对仪陇县银明黄酒有限责任公司授信800万元，仪陇惠民村镇银行只能提供250万元，南充市商业银行则提供550万元资金支持。又如对四川仪陇凌云环保有限责任公司提供的600万元信贷资金，南充市商业银行和仪陇惠民村镇银行各出资300万元。民间资本经营金融业务还需依托于国家商业银行信用来提高自身社会信用程度，渐进提高自身抵御金融风险能力的态势，或许还会持续一个时期，对此应当有足够清醒的估计与预判。

Town bank(Including loan company)By the restriction of capital,General can't separate meet leading enterprise/Raising a large large capital credit demand.Such as YiLongXian silver bright yellow wine co., LTD. Credit is 8 million yuan,We can offer yilong village bank 2.5 million yuan,Nanchong city commercial Banks provided 5.5 million yuan capital support.And as for sichuan yilong lingyun environmental protection co., LTD. Provide $6 million credit funds,Nanchong city commercial Banks and yilong we invested 3 million RMB to the village bank.The folk capital management financial business still need to rely on in the national commercial bank credit to improve their own social credit degree,Gradually improve their ability to resist financial risks of the situation,Maybe for a period,It should be clear enough estimation and anticipation.

　　3、 小额贷款公司融资困难且税负较重 3/ Small loan company financing difficult and tax burden is heavy

　　实践中，小额贷款公司“只贷不存”的政策规定和经营模式，致使其资金流动性差，资金来源紧张。根据相关规定，严禁小额贷款公司非法或变相非法吸收公众存款和非法集资，获取资金的唯一通道是向银行融资，额度不得超过资本净额的50%。小额贷款公司向银行融资并按照企业贷款利率赚取利差，也会发生一般企业都会遇到的银行“惜贷”问题。多种因素叠加，使得小额贷款公司融资成本高企。

practice,Small loan companies"Only credit not save"Policy regulations and business model,If the liquidity difference,Funds nervous.In accordance with the relevant provisions,It is strictly prohibited to small loan company illegal or in disguised form illegal absorbing public deposits and illegal financing,The only way to get money to bank financing,Limit shall not be more than 50% of the net capital.Small loan company to bank financing and according to the enterprise loan interest rate earn interest margin,Will happen general enterprise will meet bank"arisen"problems.Many factors superposition,Make small loan companies financing cost high.

　　目前四川省还没有明确小额贷款公司作为农村金融机构的性质与地位，其在银行的存贷款利率也只能按照一般工商户来处理，削弱了小额贷款公司的盈利能力。由于小额贷款公司不属于金融机构，目前需要按照工商企业纳税，即需要缴纳25%所得税、5.56%营业税及附加税和相关部门规定的坏账准备金。虽然其贷款利率可浮动，且一般高于银行贷款利率，但是税收压力过大造成其盈利能力目前弱于银行。仪陇县蜀商小额贷款有限公司还反映，小额贷款公司开办费不能在公司税收中抵扣，也不能在注册资本中开支，而是须由股东先垫支的规定不尽合理，增加了公司的实际负担。

Sichuan province at present is not clear small loan company as the nature of the rural financial institutions and status,The bank's interest rate also can according to the general and industrial and commercial door to deal with,Weaken the small loan company's profitability.Due to the small loan companies do not belong to financial institutions,At present need according to business tax,That need to pay 25% income tax/5.56% sales tax and surcharge and related by the department of bad debt reserve.Although the loan interest rate can be floating,And is generally higher than the bank loan interest rate,But tax stress cause its profitability at present weak in the bank.YiLongXian shu shang small loan co., LTD., also reflect,Small loan company organization expenses cannot be in the company of tax deductible,Never in the registered capital spending,But should be made by the shareholders of the provisions of the first advance expenditure is not rational,Increase the company's actual burden.

　　4、 欠发达地区农村金融市场竞争不充分 4/ Owes the developed local countryside financial market competition not fully

　　尽管随着农村金融体制改革的深化，中国银监会逐步调整和放宽了农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策，一批主要由民间资本注资的村镇银行、小额贷款公司、担保公司和农民资金互助社等新兴农村金融机构诞生。但总体上观察，目前在仪陇这样地处（秦巴）连片特困地区的县域，新型农村金融机构依然“少而弱”，对农村金融市场的影响力依然有限，尚未根本改变国有商业银行（以下简称“商业银行”或“银行”）系统对当地农村金融市场事实上的垄断。

Although with the deepening of the reform of the rural financial system,China banking regulatory commission (CBRC) gradually adjust and relax the rural financial institutions in the banking industry access policy,A group of mainly by the folk capital injection of villages in the bank/Small loan companies/Security companies and farmers mutual cooperatives and other emerging rural financial institutions was born.But in general observation,At present in yilong this is located in(qinba)Shall the destitute areas county,A new type of rural financial institutions still"Fewer but weak",On the influence of the rural financial market is still limited,Has not been fundamentally change the state-owned commercial bank(Hereinafter referred to as"Commercial Banks"or"The bank")System for the local rural financial market in fact of monopoly.

　　以仪陇县众乐融资担保有限公司为例，在县域农村金融市场“非充分竞争”的条件下，其与当地商业银行建立“风险分担机制”的愿望不可能实现。商业银行所要求的担保保证金比例过高（一般为20%-30%），担保公司难以承受。在担保额度的协商中，银行始终占有“话语权”，担保公司作用十分有限。由担保公司所发展或发现（抵押物足、信用好）的客户，银行往往撇开担保公司单独放贷，担保公司实际上完全承担了可能发生的金融风险。此外，办理反担保物登记手续繁杂、办理过程时间较长，社会对担保行业缺乏正确认识（例如不知担保为何物、以为担保公司就是银行）等因素，也在一定程度上影响了欠发达地区农村金融市场竞争的正常发展。

With all the joy YiLongXian financing guarantee co., LTD as an example,In the county rural financial market"Not fully competition"conditions,The local commercial Banks to establish"Risk sharing mechanism"Wishes are not possible.Commercial bank guarantee deposit required high proportion(The general is 20% - 30%),Guarantee company is difficult to bear.In the guarantee amount in the negotiations,The bank has always occupied"voice",Guarantee company role is very limited.The guarantee company development or found(Pawn foot/Good credit)customers,Banks often put aside guarantee company loans alone,Security companies actually fully accepted the possibility of financial risk.In addition,To deal with guaranty to register formalities against multifarious/The process for a long time,Society to guarantee the lack of a correct understanding of the industry(Such as do not know for what guarantee/Thought guarantee company is the bank)factors,In a certain degree of influence in less developed areas, the rural financial market competition normal development.

　　农村金融市场如何摆脱困境？ The rural financial market how to get rid of the trouble?

　　1、 大力支持县域农村新型金融组织建立和发展 1/ Support county rural financial organization establishment and development

　　据仪陇县新型农村金融组织建立及经营的实践表明，国有商业银行由于其具体机制及网点设置方面的原因，在服务“三农”工作中存在信息不对称、服务成本高等问题。农村新型金融组织由于经营灵活、了解农民需求，能面对面提供金融服务而更受农民欢迎。因此，应继续大力鼓励民间资本参股（或独资）设立村镇银行，直接出资成立融资担保公司、小额贷款公司、资金互助社等新型农村金融组织，在其机构设立、人才培养、税费政策、政务服务等方面给予更务实有效的支持。

According to YiLongXian new type of rural financial organization establishment and operation practice shows that,The state-owned commercial Banks because of its specific mechanism and network Settings reasons,In the service"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"Existing in the work of information asymmetry/Service cost is high.The new rural financial organizations because manage agile/Understand farmers demand,Face to face can provide financial services and more welcome by farmers.so,Should continue to make great efforts to encourage private capital participation(Or wholly foreign owned)Village bank set up,Direct funding financing guarantee company/Small loan companies/Mutual cooperative and so on the new rural financial organization,In the establishment of institutions/Personnel training/Tax policy/Government services to more practical and effective support.

　　2、 积极鼓励村镇银行支持和引导农村最基层的微观金融活动 2/ Actively encourage town bank support and guide the most grass-roots microscopic financial activities

　　促进农民资金互助社的健康发展，是解决农户小额、临时性资金需求的有效途径。仪陇惠民村镇银行在培育农民资金互助社实施自主管理、自主经营，并对资金互助社经营管理进行监管指导，降低其经营风险等方面积累了成功经验，应适时总结、及时推广。同时要鼓励村镇银行继续坚持“村镇银行业务联系员”工作实践，通过此类农村金融合作代理组织把村镇银行业务推向农村腹地。要认真总结将农村基层干部或农民中德高望重、带头致富者聘为金融合作代理组织成员，通过签订合同、营销存款、推荐贷款、代管贷款等方式扩展村镇银行业务的生动经验。

To promote the healthy development of the farmers' mutual cooperative,Is to solve small farmers/Temporary fund demand of the effective way.We yilong village bank in cultivating farmers mutual cooperative implementation of independent management/Operate independently,And the mutual cooperative management regulation of guidance,Reduce the management risk, accumulated the successful experience,Should be timely summary/Timely promotion.At the same time to encourage Banks continue to adhere to the village"Town bank business contact member"Work practice,Through this kind of rural financial cooperation agency organization the town bank business to the rural hinterland.Summing up to the rural grassroots cadres and farmers sino-german and honour/The rich person appointed financial cooperation agency organization members,By entering into a contract/Marketing deposit/Recommend loan/Agency loans extended way village banking vivid experience.

　　3、 完善县域农村金融组织差异化服务功能 3/ Improving county rural financial organization differentiation service function

　　农发行要积极拓展支农领域，重点支持产业化龙头企业和农田水利基础设施建设；工商银行要以服务县域工商企业和个体工商户为主营业务；农业银行(601288,股吧)在“三农”事业部改革完成后，要成为服务“三农”的新生力量；邮政储蓄银行要进一步将业务向农村延伸；农村信用社要以县联社为统一法人，按现代商业银行标准打造成农村合作银行；村镇银行和小贷公司要坚持以农户、种养殖专业户和中小企业，特别是当地农业产业化加工型企业为主要服务对象；扶贫互助社和乡村产业发展协会要立足本村开展小额信贷和资金互助业务。

NongFaHang should actively develop agriculture field,Key support industrialization leading enterprise and irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure construction;To commercial bank service county industrial and commercial enterprises and individual and industrial and commercial door for the main business;Agricultural bank(601288,guba)in"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"Division after completion of the reform,To become the service"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"The new forces of;Postal savings bank to further business to rural extension;Rural credit cooperatives to XianLianShe for unified legal person,According to modern commercial Banks to create a standard of rural cooperative bank;Small town Banks and credit company to adhere to the farmers/ZhongYangShi specialized households and small and medium-sized enterprises,Especially the local agricultural industrialization the processing enterprises as the main service object;Poverty alleviation cooperatives and rural industry development should be based on the association in this village microfinance and capital mutual business.

　　4、 支持建立健全县域农村担保体系 4/ Support the establishment of perfect county rural security system

　　一是政府可出资建立面向“三农”的担保有限责任公司；二是鼓励和支持龙头企业为农民贷款提供担保服务；三是鼓励和支持农民专业合作社为社员贷款提供担保服务；四是鼓励农业贷款担保与农业产业化一体发展。有关专业部门应加大对县域农村担保行业的支持力度，建立健全风险补偿和资本金补偿机制，建立反担保抵押登记的绿色通道，加强对县域农村担保行业的宣传，务实推进融资担保行业的健康发展。

One is the government can set up for investment"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"Guarantee co., LTD;The second is to encourage and support leading enterprises to provide guarantee services for farmers loans;Three is to encourage and support the farmers' professional cooperatives loan for members to provide security services;Four is to encourage agricultural loan guarantee and the industrialization of agriculture one development.Relevant professional departments should strengthen the county rural guarantee industry support,Establish and perfect the risk compensation and compensation mechanism of capital,Establish counter guarantee mortgage registration of the green channel,To strengthen the publicity of the county rural guarantee industry,Pragmatic propulsion financing guarantee the healthy development of the industry.

　　5、 加强对县域农村金融活动的监管 5/ To strengthen the supervision of the county rural financial activities

　　近年来，仪陇县域农村地区村镇银行、融资担保公司、贷款公司、小额贷款公司、扶贫资金互助社和乡村产业发展协会等新型农村金融组织逐步发展。与此同时，新型农村金融组织不可避免地存在资本实力弱、人员素质不高、内控管理薄弱、抗风险能力不强等问题，监管部门要加强对其实施持续动态监管，强化其资本充足率、不良贷款、单笔贷款比例、贷款集中度等非现场监管指标的监测，确保规范、高效运行，促其健康发展，防范金融风险，维护地方金融稳定。

In recent years,Yilong county rural village bank/Financing guarantee company/Loan company/Small loan companies/Poverty alleviation fund cooperatives and rural industry development association and so on the new rural financial organization gradually developed.meanwhile,A new type of rural financial organizations inevitably exist capital strength weak/Personnel quality is not high/Weak internal control management/Risk resistance capacity is not strong and so on questions,Supervision departments should strengthen the implementation of continuous dynamic supervision,Strengthen its capital adequacy ratio/Non-performing loans/Single loan proportion/Loan concentration and the off-site supervision indicators monitoring,To ensure the standard/Efficient operation,To promote its healthy development,Guard against financial risks,Maintenance of local financial stability.

　　（调研组负责人:刘薇；成员：马占利 张勇赵冬民 朱小群 夏汛鸽；执笔：朱小群 夏汛鸽）

(The research group: murphy gf;members:MaZhanLi zhang yong ZhaoDongMin ZhuXiaoQun summer xun pigeon;pencraft:ZhuXiaoQun summer xun pigeon)