《中国学生资助发展报告(2007-2011年)》正式发布。目前我国已建立起完整的覆盖学前教育至高等教育的家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系，从制度上保障“不让一个学生因家庭经济困难而失学”。各级政府有关部门和各级各类学校精心组织、密切配合，全力推动落实国家学生资助政策，我国学生资助工作取得举世瞩目的重大成就。资助人数与金额数倍增长。2007年至2011年，全国累计资助普通高校、中职学校、普通高中和义务教育阶段学生3.4亿人次，累计资助总金额3526.17亿元。

[Chinese student financial assistance development report(2007-2011)]Issued a formal.At present our country has set up complete coverage of preschool education to higher education family economic difficulties student financial aid policy system,From the system security"Don't let a student for family financial difficulties forced to drop out of school".Governments at all levels and relevant departments of various and of all kinds school organization/Closely cooperate with,To promote the implementation of national student financial aid policy,Student financial assistance in China has achieved remarkable great achievements.The number and amount for several times growth.From 2007 to 2011,The national ordinary university total funding/Secondary vocational school/Ordinary high school and obligation education stage student 340 million people,Accumulative total amount of subsidy of 352.617 billion yuan.

　　

一、政策体系基本健全 a/Policy system basic sound

　　2007年至2011年，我国建立起了覆盖学前教育至高等教育等各个教育阶段的学生资助政策体系，是国家对家庭经济困难学生资助强度最大、资助范围最广、财政投入最多的制度设计，是困难学生得到实惠最多、人民群众最满意的制度安排。

From 2007 to 2011,Our country set up covering preschool education to higher education, and other education stage of the student financial aid policy system,Is the national to family economic difficulties the student financial assistance strength maximum/Support the widest range/Financial investment most of the system design,It is difficult to benefit the most students/The people the most satisfied with the system arrangement.

　　（一）高等教育阶段：以国家奖助学金、国家助学贷款、学费补偿贷款代偿、勤工助学、校内奖助学金、困难补助、伙食补贴、学费减免、“绿色通道”等多种方式并举

(a)Higher education stage:With the national prize stipend/State educational loans/Tuition compensation loan compensatory/work-study/Campus grants/Difficult allowance/Meal allowance/Tuition waiver/"Green channel"And so on many kinds of ways simultaneously

　　1.国家奖学金。中央政府出资设立高校国家奖学金，奖励特别优秀的全日制普通高校本专科（含高职、第二学士学位）在校生。每年奖励5万名学生，每生每年8000元。学生无论家庭经济是否困难，只要符合规定条件，均可获得国家奖学金。同一学年内，获得国家奖学金的家庭经济困难学生可以同时申请并获得国家助学金，但不能同时获得国家励志奖学金。试行免费教育的教育部直属师范院校师范类专业学生符合规定条件的，同样可以获得国家奖学金。

1. National scholarship.The central government invest to set up university national scholarship,Reward outstanding full-time college this specialized subject(Contain higher vocational/Bachelor's degree in the second)students.Reward every year 50000 students,Each birth 8000 yuan a year.Students regardless of family economy is difficult,As long as conforming to the prescribed conditions,National scholarships can be obtained.Inside same school year,Access to the national scholarship family economic difficulties students can also apply for and obtain state grants,But not at the same time obtain the country pursues a scholarship.Free education for the normal universities directly under the ministry of education students majoring in accordance with the provisions of the conditions,Can also obtains the national scholarship.

　　2.国家励志奖学金。中央和地方政府共同出资设立国家励志奖学金，奖励资助品学兼优、家庭经济困难的全日制普通高校本专科（含高职、第二学士学位）在校生。国家励志奖学金资助面平均约占全国全日制普通高校本专科（含高职、第二学士学位）在校学生总数的3%，每生每年5000元。同一学年内，申请国家励志奖学金的学生可以同时申请并获得国家助学金，但不能同时获得国家奖学金。试行免费教育的教育部直属师范院校师范类专业学生不再同时获得国家励志奖学金。

2. The country pursues a scholarship.The central and local government jointly invest to set up a national spirit scholarship,Reward excellent support/Needy full-time college this specialized subject(Contain higher vocational/Bachelor's degree in the second)students.The country pursues a scholarship ZiZhuMian average about accounts for the full-time college this specialized subject(Contain higher vocational/Bachelor's degree in the second)3% of the total number of students,Each birth 5000 yuan a year.Inside same school year,The application for the national spirit of scholarship students can also apply for and obtain national grants,But not at the same time obtains the national scholarship.Free education for the normal universities directly under the ministry of education majoring students will no longer at the same time obtain the country pursues a scholarship.

　　3.国家助学金。中央和地方政府共同出资设立高校国家助学金，主要资助家庭经济困难的全日制普通高校本专科（含高职、第二学士学位）在校学生的生活费用开支。国家助学金资助面平均约占全国全日制普通高校本专科（含高职、第二学士学位）在校学生总数的20%。全国平均每生每年3000元。同一学年内，申请并获得国家助学金的学生，可同时申请并获得国家奖学金或国家励志奖学金。试行免费教育的教育部直属师范院校师范类专业学生，不再同时获得国家助学金。

3. State grants.The central and local government jointly invest to set up the state grants,The main funding needy full-time college this specialized subject(Contain higher vocational/Bachelor's degree in the second)In the school student life expenses.State grants ZiZhuMian average about accounts for the full-time college this specialized subject(Contain higher vocational/Bachelor's degree in the second)20% of the total number of students.The national average every born 3000 yuan a year.Inside same school year,Application and access to the national financial aid students,But at the same time, application and access to the national scholarship or the country pursues a scholarship.Free education for the normal universities directly under the ministry of education of normal majors,No longer at the same time, access to the national financial aid.

　　4.国家助学贷款。国家助学贷款是由政府主导，金融机构向高校家庭经济困难学生提供的信用助学贷款，帮助解决在校期间的学习和生活费用。国家助学贷款利率执行中国人民银行同期公布的同档次基准利率，不上浮。贷款学生在校期间的国家助学贷款利息全部由财政支付，毕业后的利息由借款人全额支付。为鼓励金融机构承办国家助学贷款的积极性，建立贷款风险分担机制，财政（高校）对经办银行给予一定的风险补偿。国家助学贷款是信用贷款，学生不需要办理贷款担保或抵押，但需要承诺按期还款，并承担相关法律责任。家庭经济困难的全日制普通高校本专科生（含高职生）、第二学士学位学生和研究生申请国家助学贷款，有两种模式：一是校园地国家助学贷款。可以通过本校学生资助部门向经办银行申请国家助学贷款，原则上每生每学年最高申请金额不超过6000元。二是生源地信用助学贷款。向户籍所在县(市、区)的学生资助管理机构提出贷款申请（有的地区直接到相关金融机构申请）。借款人每学年申请的贷款金额原则上不超过6000元。

4. National student loan.State-subsidized student loan is dominated by the government,Financial institutions to families of college students with financial difficulties of credit loans,Help to solve during the period of school learning and living expenses.State-subsidized student loan interest rate execution to the people's bank of China announced the same period with class benchmark interest rate,Don't rise.Loan students during the period of school of the national student loan interest all by financial payment,After the graduation interest paid by the borrower.To encourage financial institutions to undertake the enthusiasm of national student loan,Establish loan risk sharing mechanism,financial(the)Orgnaization of bank to offer certain risk compensation.State-subsidized student loan is credit loan,Students don't need to deal with loan guarantee or mortgage,But need commitment on schedule reimbursement,And the relative legal responsibilities.Needy full-time college this specialized subject lays(Contain higher vocational students)/The second bachelor's degree students and graduate students applied for the national student loan,There are two kinds of model:One is the campus of national student loan.Can pass the school the student financial assistance agency bank department to the application for the national student loan,In principle, every school year for every lay the highest amount of not more than 6000 yuan.The second is business credit loans.Census register to the county(city/area)The student financial assistance management mechanism proposed loan application(Some areas directly to the relevant financial institutions to apply for).The borrower of loan amount for every school year in principle not more than 6000 yuan.

　　5.高等学校毕业生基层就业学费补偿贷款代偿。国家对中央部门所属全日制普通高等学校应届毕业生，自愿到中西部地区和艰苦边远地区基层单位就业、服务期达到3年以上（含3年）的，实施学费补偿和国家助学贷款代偿。毕业生在校学习期间每年实际缴纳的学费或获得的国家助学贷款低于6000元的，按实际缴纳的学费和获得的国家助学贷款两者就高的原则，实行补偿或代偿，在校期间每年实际缴纳的学费或获得的国家助学贷款高于6000元的，按照每年6000元的金额实行代偿。每年代偿或补偿总额的1/3，分3年代偿完毕。地方高校毕业生学费补偿贷款代偿由各地参照中央政策执行。

5. High school graduates grassroots employment tuition compensation loan compensatory.State of the central departments subordinate full-time ordinary higher school graduates,Voluntary to the Midwest region and arduous remote areas basic unit employment/Service period to 3 years(Including 3 years)of,Tuition compensation and implementation of national student loan compensatory.Graduate study at school every year during the actual pay tuition fee or get national student loan is below 6000 yuan,According to the actual pay tuition and obtain the national student loan is the principle of both high,The compensation or compensated,During the period of school each year of real pay tuition fee or get national student loan is higher than 6000 yuan,According to the amount of 6000 yuan a year a compensatory.Every year compensatory or compensation 1/3 of the total amount,Three years after compensatory.Local colleges and universities graduate tuition compensation loan compensated by regional reference the central policy implementation.

　　6.应征入伍服义务兵役学费补偿贷款代偿及学费资助。从2009年起，国家对应征入伍服义务兵役的高等学校毕业生在校期间缴纳的学费或获得的国家助学贷款及其产生的利息实施一次性补偿或代偿。从2011年秋季学期起，国家对应征入伍服义务兵役的高等学校在校生在校期间缴纳的学费或获得的国家助学贷款实施一次性补偿或代偿；对退役后复学的原高校在校生给予学费资助。学生应征入伍前每学年实际缴纳的学费或获得的贷款高于6000元的按6000元资助，低于6000元的按实际缴纳的学费和贷款两者就高的原则，实行补偿或代偿。学生退役复学后每学年实际缴纳学费高于6000元的按6000元资助，低于6000元的按实际缴纳的学费资助。

6. Enlistment suit compulsory military service fees compensation loan compensatory and tuition funding.Since 2009,Country to enlistment suit compulsory military service of higher school graduates during the period of school pay tuition fee or get national student loan and interest from the implementation of the one-time compensation or compensated.From the 2011 fall semester up,Country to enlistment suit compulsory military service of high school student during the period of school pay tuition fee or get national student loan implementation one-time compensation or compensated;To go back to school after retirement of the original college students give tuition funding.Students before enlistment every school year of real pay tuition fee or get loans more than 6000 yuan to 6000 yuan funded,Less than 6000 yuan according to the actual pay tuition and loan is the principle of both high,The compensation or compensated.Students retired after the resumption after every school year actual pay tuition is higher than 6000 yuan to 6000 yuan funded,Less than 6000 yuan according to the actual pay tuition funding.

　　7.师范生免费教育。从2007年秋季学期入学的新生起，国家在北京师范大学、华东师范大学、东北师范大学、华中师范大学、陕西师范大学和西南大学六所教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育。免费教育师范生在校学习期间，免除学费、免缴住宿费，并补助生活费。

7. Free normal education.From the 2007 fall semester admission of new up,Countries in Beijing normal university/East China normal university/Northeast normal university/Central China normal university/Shaanxi normal university and southwest university six ministry of education in teacher colleges directly under the normal free education.Free education students in school during the study,Free tuition/Free of accommodation,And living expenses subsidies.

　　8.退役士兵教育资助。从2011年秋季学期起，对退役一年以上、考入全日制普通高等学校的自主就业退役士兵，根据本人申请，由政府给予教育资助。资助内容包括：一是学费资助；二是家庭经济困难退役士兵学生生活费资助；三是其他奖助学金资助。学费资助标准，按省级人民政府制定的学费标准，原则上退役士兵学生应交多少学费中央财政就资助多少，最高不超过年人均6000元。生活费及其他奖助学金资助标准，按国家现行高校学生资助政策的有关规定执行。

8. Retired soldiers education funding.From the 2011 fall semester up,More than one year to retire/Admitted to full-time ordinary institutions of higher learning the independent employment retire the soldier,According to oneself apply for,Funded by the government to education.Finance content including:One is the tuition funding;The second is the family economic difficulties retire the soldier for students living expenses;Three other grants funded.Tuition funding standard,According to the provincial people's government shall formulate the tuition standard,In principle, retired soldiers students how much tuition payable the central finance is how much support,Highest do not exceed 6000 yuan per year.Living expenses and other award grant standard,According to the current national university student financial assistance policy relevant provisions.

　　9.勤工助学。学生参加勤工助学不应当影响学业，原则上每周不超过8小时，每月不超过40小时。学生参加校内固定岗位的勤工助学，其劳动报酬由学校按月计算，每月40个工时的酬金原则上不低于当地政府或有关部门制定的最低工资标准或居民最低生活保障标准，可以适当上下浮动。学生参加校内临时岗位的勤工助学，其劳动报酬由学校按小时计算，每小时酬金原则上不低于8元。学生参加校外勤工助学的酬金标准不低于学校所在地政府或有关部门规定的最低工资标准，具体数额由用人单位、学校与学生协商确定，并写进聘用协议。

9. Work-study.The student to participate in the work-study shall not affect school,In principle, no more than eight hours a week,No more than 40 hours per month.Students to participate in the fixed position of the work-study,The labor compensation by the school monthly calculation,Monthly 40 hours of remuneration in principle not less than the local government or relevant departments to formulate the minimum wage standard or subsistence security standards,Can be appropriate to fluctuate.The student to participate in the campus temporary post work-study,The labor remuneration according to the calculation by the school hours,Fee per hour in principle not less than 8 yuan.Students attend school work-study gratuity standard not less than the local government or designated by the departments concerned of the minimum wage standard,Specific amount by unit of choose and employ persons/The school and students affirmatory,And written into employment agreement.

　　10.学费减免。国家对公办全日制普通高校家庭经济特别困难、无法缴纳学费的学生，特别是孤残学生、少数民族学生及烈士子女、优抚家庭子女等，实行减免学费政策。具体减免办法由学校制订。

10. Tuition waiver.The state public full-time college family economic special difficulties/Unable to pay tuition students,Especially for the disabled students/Minority students and those children/This family children, etc,A tuition waiver policy.Specific measures for reduction by the school.

　　11.“绿色通道”。各全日制普通高校都必须建立“绿色通道”，对被录取入学、无法缴纳学费的家庭经济困难的新生，学校一律先办理入学手续，然后再根据核实后的情况，分别采取不同办法予以资助。

11."Green channel".All full-time college must be based"Green channel",To be matriculated/Unable to pay tuition family economic difficulties of new,The school will be deal with first admission procedure,And then according to the verified situation,Respectively adopt various methods to be funded.

　　12.其他资助。各高校利用自有资金以及社会团体、企事业单位和个人捐赠资金等，设立奖学金、助学金等，对家庭经济困难学生给予资助。

12. Other funding.Various universities using self-owned capital and social groups/Enterprises and institutions and individual donation funds, etc,scholarships/Assistantship etc,To family economic difficulties students to grant funding.

　　（二）中等职业教育阶段：以国家助学金、国家免学费为主，以校内奖助学金和学费减免、顶岗实习等为辅

(two)Secondary vocational education stage:With the national grants/National free tuition is given priority to,With the award grants and tuition waiver/An ounce of prevention is worth a field work, etc

　　1.国家助学金。中央和地方政府共同设立国家助学金，资助对象是具有中等职业学校全日制正式学籍的在校一、二年级所有农村户籍的学生和县镇非农业户口的学生以及城市家庭经济困难学生，资助标准为每生每年1500元。

1. The state grants.The central and local government jointly establish a national grants,Funding target is a secondary vocational school full-time students a formal school/Second grade all the registered permanent residence of rural counties and townships students agricultural registered permanent residence of the students and the city family economic difficulties students,Funding hygiene standards for each 1500 yuan a year.

　　2.国家免学费。国家对公办中等职业学校全日制学籍一、二、三年级在校生中农村家庭经济困难学生、城市家庭经济困难学生及涉农专业学生（艺术类相关表演专业学生除外）免除学费，免学费标准按各省（区、市）人民政府及其价格主管部门批准的学费标准确定。对在政府职业教育行政管理部门依法批准的民办中等职业学校就读的一、二年级符合免学费政策条件的学生，按照当地同类型同专业公办中等职业学校免学费标准给予补助。免学费补助资金由中央财政统一按照每生每年平均2000元标准，与地方财政按比例分担。

2. Free country.The state public secondary vocational school student a full-time/two/Grade three students in rural family economic difficulties students/Urban family economic difficulties students and students majoring in agriculture(Performance art related professional students except)Free tuition,Free tuition standard according to the provinces(area/city)People's governments and their price departments approved tuition standard to determine.In the government vocational education administrative departments approved in accordance with the secondary vocational school of run by the local people a/Second grade accord with free tuition policy conditions of the students,According to local the same type with professional public secondary vocational school from tuition standard subsidies granted.Free tuition subsidies by the central financial funds in accordance with the unified born every year an average of 2000 yuan standard,And local financial proportional sharing.

　　3.顶岗实习。安排中等职业学校三年级学生到企业等单位顶岗实习，获得一定报酬，用于支付学习和生活费用。

3. Field work.Arrangement of secondary vocational school grade three students to enterprise, and other units field work,Access to certain reward,Used for the payment of the learning and the cost of living.

　　4.奖学金。地方政府、相关行业、企业安排专项资金设立中职学生政府奖学金、专业奖学金和定向奖学金。

4. Scholarship.Local government/Related industries/Enterprise allocate special funds set up secondary vocational students government scholarship/Professional scholarships and directional scholarship.

　　5.学校减免学费等。中等职业学校每年安排不低于事业收入5%的经费，用于学费减免、勤工助学、校内奖学金和特殊困难补助等。

5. School tuition waiver, etc.Secondary vocational school arrange every year for not less than 5% of the funds business income,Used for tuition waiver/work-study/The scholarship and special difficult allowance, etc.

　　6.其他资助。鼓励和支持社会团体、企事业单位以及个人资助中职学校家庭经济困难学生。

6. Other funding.To encourage and support social organizations/Enterprises and institutions and individuals to aid secondary vocational school students whose families are financially difficult.

　　（三）普通高中教育阶段：以政府为主导，国家助学金为主体、学校减免学费等为补充、社会力量积极参与

(three)Ordinary high school education stage:The government as the leading,State grants as the main body/School tuition waiver as supplement/Active participation in social forces

　　1.国家助学金。从2010年秋季学期起，中央与地方政府共同设立国家助学金，用于资助普通高中在校生中的家庭经济困难学生，国家助学金平均资助标准为每生每年1500元，具体标准由各地结合实际在1000元-3000元范围内确定，可以分为2-3档。资助面约占全国普通高中在校生总数的20%。

1. The state grants.From the 2010 fall semester up,The central and local government jointly establish a national grants,Used to aid the ordinary high school students whose families are financially difficult students,State grants average funding hygiene standards for each 1500 yuan a year,Specific standard around by actual in 1000 yuan to 3000 yuan range determined,Can be divided into 2-3 files.The ZiZhuMian accounts for about 20% of the total number of average high school student.

　　2.学校减免学费等。普通高中要从事业收入中足额提取3%-5%的经费，用于减免学费、设立校内奖助学金和特殊困难补助等。

2. School tuition waiver, etc.Ordinary high school from the business income of full specified amount 3% - 5% of the funds extraction,Used to pay tuition/Set up campus grants and special difficult allowance, etc.

　　3.社会捐资助学。完善捐资助学相关优惠政策措施，积极引导和鼓励企业、社会团体及个人等面向普通高中设立奖学金、助学金。

3. Social to donate.To donate to perfect relevant preferential policies and measures,Actively guide and encourage enterprise/Social organizations and individual the ordinary high school scholarships/grants.

　　（四）义务教育阶段：全面免除城乡义务教育阶段学生学杂费，对农村学生和城市家庭经济困难学生免费提供教科书，对家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助，同时推行农村义务教育学生营养改善计划

(four)Compulsory education stage:Overall urban and rural compulsory education stage from student tuition and fees,To the countryside student and urban family economic difficulties students provide free textbooks,To family economic difficulties boarder provide living subsidies,At the same time carrying out rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan

　　1.免学杂费。国家对城乡义务教育阶段所有学生全部免除学杂费。

1. Free tuition and fees.Urban and rural compulsory education stage to countries all students exempt tuition and fees.

　　2.免费教科书。国家对义务教育阶段所有农村学生和享受城市居民最低生活保障政策家庭的学生免费提供教科书，并实行部分国家课程教科书循环使用制度。农村学生国家课程免费教科书资金由中央财政承担，地方课程免费教科书及城市低保家庭学生国家免费教科书资金由地方财政承担。

2. Free textbooks.The state compulsory education stage all rural students and enjoy townsman lowest life to ensure policy family students provide free textbooks,And a part of the national curriculum textbooks circulating use system.The countryside student national curriculum free funds textbook by the central financial commitment,Local course free textbooks and urban residents family students countries free textbooks funds by the local financial commitment.

　　3.寄宿生生活补助。国家对义务教育阶段农村和城市家庭经济困难寄宿生提供生活补助。中西部地区农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难寄宿生生活补助标准为每生每天小学生4元、初中生5元（按每年250天计算），所需资金中央财政按照50%的比例给予奖励性补助，地方财政应承担的50%部分，由省级财政统筹落实。中西部城市和东部地区义务教育阶段家庭经济困难寄宿生生活补助资金由地方财政承担。

3. Boarder living subsidies.The state compulsory education stage of rural and urban family economic difficulties boarder provide living subsidies.The Midwest rural compulsory education stage family economic difficulties boarder living subsidies hygiene standards for each primary school students every day 4 yuan/Junior high school student 5 yuan(According to the calculation, 250 days a year),The funds required for the central government in accordance with the proportion of 50% to JiangLiXing subsidies,Local finance should bear the 50% part,By the provincial public finance as a whole implement.The Midwest cities and the eastern region compulsory education stage family economic difficulties boarder life subsidy funds by the local financial commitment.

　　4.营养改善计划。国家从2011年秋季学期起，在集中连片特殊困难地区启动农村（不含县城）义务教育营养改善计划试点工作。中央财政为试点地区农村义务教育阶段学生提供营养膳食补助。标准为每生每天3元，所需资金全部由中央财政承担。

4. Nutrition improvement plan.Countries from the 2011 fall semester up,In concentrated special difficult areas start rural(Do not contain county)Compulsory education nutrition improvement plan pilot work.The central government for rural compulsory education stage pilot area students provide nutrition meal allowance.Hygiene standards for each 3 yuan every day,All the funds required for the by the central financial commitment.

　　（五）学前教育阶段：按照“地方先行、中央补助”的原则，从2011年秋季学期起建立学前教育资助制度

(five)Preschool education stage:According to the"Place first/The central subsidies"principle,From the 2011 fall semester up to establish preschool education funding system

　　1.政府资助。地方政府对经县级以上教育行政部门审批设立的普惠性幼儿园在园家庭经济困难儿童、孤儿和残疾儿童予以资助。中央财政根据地方出台的资助政策、经费投入及实施效果等因素，予以奖补。

1. The government funding.Local governments at or above the county level of the education administrative department for examination and approval of the establishment of the pratt &whitney kindergarten in the garden family economic difficulties children/Orphans and disabled children to support.The central government according to place on the introduction of the funding policy/Funds investment and implementation effect of factors,To award for.

　　2.幼儿园资助。幼儿园从事业收入中提取3%—5%的资金，用于减免收费、提供特殊困难补助等，具体比例由各地自行确定。

2. Kindergarten funding.Business income from kindergarten to extract 3% - 5% of the capital,Used for relief charge/Provide special difficult allowance, etc,The specific proportion shall be determined by all.

　　3.社会资助。各地建立和完善相关优惠政策，积极引导和鼓励社会团体、企事业单位及个人等捐资，帮助家庭经济困难儿童、孤儿和残疾儿童接受普惠性学前教育。

(3) social support.All to establish and perfect the relevant preferential policies,Actively guide and encourage social organizations/Enterprises and institutions and individual donors,To help families economic difficulties children/Orphans and disabled children accept pratt &whitney preschool education.