金融机构应充分认识加快发展装备制造业的极端重要性，强化金融支持措施，重点在破解制约装备制造业发展“瓶颈”问题上取得新突破。

Financial institutions should fully understand the equipment manufacturing industry to speed up the development of extreme importance,Strengthening financial support measures,Focus on crack restriction of the equipment manufacturing industry development"bottleneck"Problems have made new breakthrough.

　　装备制造业在国民经济发展和国防建设中占有举足轻重的战略地位，是黑龙江省最具优势的重大支柱产业。

Equipment manufacturing industry in the national economic development and national defense construction plays a decisive strategic position,Heilongjiang province is the advantage of major pillar industry.

　　“六个不够” "Six not enough"

　　虽然黑龙江省金融支持装备制造的力度在不断加大，但与现代化装备制造业快速发展的要求相比，金融机构的信贷投入水平和金融服务模式，还不能很好地适应装备制造业的发展需要，主要表现为“六个不够”：

Although heilongjiang financial support equipment manufacturing in the strength increasing,But modern equipment manufacturing industry and the requirements of the development of rapid compared,Financial institutions of the credit level of input and financial service mode,Still can not well adapt to the development of the equipment manufacturing industry needs,Main show is"Six not enough":

　　一是贷款支持力度不够大。2012年一季度末，黑龙江省装备制造业贷款余额为57.27亿元，仅占工业贷款的6.45%，仅占全部贷款的1.26%，装备制造企业缺乏金融机构给予充足、稳定、低成本的信贷资金支持。

One is the loan support is not big enough.At the end of the first quarter of 2012,The equipment manufacturing industry in heilongjiang province outstanding balance of the loans for 5.727 billion yuan,Accounted for only 6.45% of the loan industry,Accounted for only 1.26% of all loans,Equipment manufacturing enterprises lack of financial institutions to give enough/stable/Low cost capital credit support.

　　二是贷款增长速度不够快。2008～2011年，黑龙江省装备制造业贷款年均增长率仅为7.6%，分别低于制造业贷款和全部贷款年均增长率4.5和16.7个百分点，远不能满足装备制造企业快速增长的实际资金需要。

2 it is loan growth fast enough.2008 ~ 2011,The equipment manufacturing industry in heilongjiang province loan with an average annual growth rate is only 7.6%,Were lower than manufacturing loans and full loan with an average annual growth rate 4.5 and 16.7%,Far cannot satisfy the equipment manufacturing enterprise and fast growth of the actual need for the funds.

　　三是金融支持范围不够宽。装备制造企业不仅需要银行对其扩大生产运营、直接出口技术装备和“走出去”项目提供支持，而且更迫切需要银行在提高出口能力和产品附加值的相关固定资产投资项目、技术研发和技术改造项目、重大技术装备国产化项目、兼并重组项目等方面提供金融服务。

The third is not wide range of financial support.Equipment manufacturing enterprise not only need bank to its expanding production operation/Direct export technology equipment and"Go out"Project provides support,And more urgent need bank in improving export capacity and product value-added related fixed assets investment projects/Technology research and development and technical renovation project/Important technical equipment localization project/Annexation and reorganization of projects to provide financial services.

　　四是金融服务方式不够灵活。由于装备制造行业自身的特点和市场环境，造成目前很多企业资产负债率都很高，且装备制造业的研发和启动资金一般都很高。而金融机构以其他行业同样的标准评价装备制造行业，使得目前的金融评价和贷款体系不利于装备制造企业的发展，金融服务的精细化程度还需进一步提高。

The fourth is the financial service mode is not flexible.Due to the equipment manufacturing industry's own characteristics and market environment,In the many enterprise asset-liability ratio is very high,And the development of the equipment manufacturing industry and the start-up capital general are very high.And financial institutions to other industries the same standard evaluation equipment manufacturing industry,Make the financial evaluation and loan system against the development of equipment manufacturing enterprises,Financial services to further improve the fine degree.

　　五是直接融资手段不够多元化。2011年末，黑龙江省装备制造业境内上市企业仅有7家，装备制造企业直接融资比例仅达到0.65%，利息成本负担较重。

Five is a direct financing means diversification is not enough.By the end of 2011,The equipment manufacturing industry in heilongjiang province of the domestic listed enterprises only seven home,Equipment manufacturing enterprises of our country direct financing proportion was only 0.65%,Interest cost burden is heavy.

　　六是金融避险工具不够丰富。我国装备企业产品技术与国际先进水平尚存在差距，产品出口市场为买方市场，企业签订出口合同时难以要求买方加入浮动汇率的条款，亟须运用金融避险工具锁定汇率风险。而目前银行缺乏有效防范汇率风险的工具，一些可以防范汇率风险的工具（如远期结售汇、汇率掉期等）尚没有付诸实践操作，一旦发生汇率变化带来的损失只能由企业承担。以上这些问题，需要金融部门认真思考和研究解决，努力为装备制造业提档升级提供更加有力的金融支持。

Six is financial hedge tool is not abundant enough.Our country equipment enterprise product technology and the advanced international level there is a gap,The products are exported to the market as the buyer's market,Enterprise sign export contract is difficult to require buyer to join the terms of the floating exchange rate,It is urgent to use financial hedge tool lock exchange rate risk.And the lack of effective to prevent bank exchange rate risk tool,Some can prevent exchange rate risk tool(Such as forward writtens guarantee/Rate swap, etc)It is not put into practice operation,The event rate change loss can only be assumed by the enterprise.These problems,Financial departments need to carefully think about and study and resolve,Efforts to upgrade the equipment manufacturing industry mention files provide more powerful financial support.

　四个建议 Four Suggestions

　　装备制造业是现代工业的“母机”，核心技术受制于人，是我国工业大而不强的症结所在。2012年5月28日，胡锦涛总书记在中共中央政治局第三十三次集体学习时强调，要坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，推进经济结构战略性调整，努力从工业大国向工业强国转变。这给装备制造优化升级带来了难得的机遇。金融机构应充分认识加快发展装备制造业的极端重要性，强化金融支持措施，重点在破解制约装备制造业发展“瓶颈”问题上取得新突破：

Equipment manufacturing industry is the modern industry"Mother ship",The core technology disciplined by others,Is our country industrial big but not strong sticking point.On May 28, 2012,General secretary hu jintao in the CPC central committee political bureau 33 times collective learning stressed,To adhere to the path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics,Promote strategic adjustment of the economic structure,Efforts from industrial country to industrial power transformation.This gives equipment manufacturing optimization brought rare opportunities.Financial institutions should fully understand the equipment manufacturing industry to speed up the development of extreme importance,Strengthening financial support measures,Focus on crack restriction of the equipment manufacturing industry development"bottleneck"Problems have made new breakthrough:

　　第一，要加大对装备制造业的信贷支持力度。黑龙江省大多数装备制造企业都是在“一五”、“二五”时期由国家投资兴建的，因此受计划经济影响较深。特别是20世纪90年代末，国家推进国有企业改革，该省银行贷款遭受到了数百亿元的损失。但也要看到，这不是企业自身的问题，而是体制造成的。过去，国有企业和国有银行就像国家的“左兜”和“右兜”，不分你我，银行贷款形成的巨额损失是有历史特殊背景的。据实地调查发现，银行对装备制造企业“说不”的较多。一些金融机构反映，去过在某某企业损失了数亿元贷款，企业信誉不好，要敬而远之，能不贷尽量不贷或者少贷。如果这种拘泥于过去的狭隘思维在一定程度上普遍存在，将不利于银行对装备制造业的信贷投入。南方很多省份之所以发展快，不是水平高人一等，而是理念高人一筹。银行机构必须要与时俱进、顺应形势向前看，要有现代银行家的战略思维和视野，树立在支持装备制造业发展中防范风险的理念，利用利率定价机制等多种手段来覆盖风险。

The first,To strengthen the equipment manufacturing industry credit support.Heilongjiang province most equipment manufacturing enterprise is in"contents"/"25:24"Invest in the construction of the period by the state,So is affected by planned economy effect is deeper.Especially in the 1990 s,The state promotes the reform of state-owned enterprises,The province bank loans from the tens of billions of dollars of losses.But also want to see,This is not the problem of enterprise itself,But caused by the system.In the past,State-owned enterprises and state-owned Banks as the country"Left pocket"and"Right pocket",Regardless of you I,Bank loan formed a huge loss is a history of the special background.According to field survey found,Bank of equipment manufacturing enterprise"Said not"more.Some financial institutions reflect,Been in so-and-so enterprise lost hundreds of millions of yuan loans,The enterprise credit is bad,To stay at a respectful distance from sb,Can not borrow try not to borrow or less credit.If this stand on the past narrow thinking in a certain extent universal existence,The bank will not benefit for equipment manufacturing industry credit investment.The south many provinces are developing fast,Not level superior to others,But the idea superior.Banking institutions must keep pace with The Times/To conform to the situation,To have the modern the banker's strategic thinking and vision,Set up in support of the equipment manufacturing industry in the development of the idea of preventing risks,Making use of interest rate pricing mechanism and so on the many kinds of means to cover risk.

　　第二，要加快推进金融产品和服务方式创新。一是积极改进信贷管理模式，让信贷管理方式能够更灵活，更适应市场变化的要求，适应不同企业发展的要求，而不是笼统地用一个业务流程来审批所有企业的情况。二是要创新抵（质）押担保融资方式，重点推进无形资产抵（质）押融资方式创新。通过应收账款质押、清洁发展机制预期抵押、专利权质押、仓单质押、保理、退税账户托管等更加灵活的方式，拓宽企业的融资渠道。三是创新装备制造业风险分担机制。四是创新对装备制造企业合并重组的金融服务。

The second,To accelerate the financial products and service mode innovation.One is to improve the credit management mode,Let the credit management mode can be more flexible,More adapt to the changing market requirements,To adapt to the requirements of the development of different enterprises,Rather than general with a business process to examine and approve all the circumstance of the enterprise.The second is to want to innovate(mass)He secured financing way,Key to promote intangible assets(mass)Joab financing innovation.Through the accounts receivable pledge/Clean development mechanism expected mortgage/Patent pledge/Warehouse receipt pledge/factoring/Drawback account trusteeship, etc more flexible way,Broaden the financing channels of the enterprise.The third is the innovation of the equipment manufacturing industry risk sharing mechanism.The fourth is the innovation of equipment manufacturing enterprise reorganization merger of financial services.

　　第三，要积极扩展装备制造业的直接融资渠道。一是鼓励有条件的装备制造企业通过主板、创业板、中小企业板乃至境外上市融资。二是支持装备制造企业通过发行企业债、公司债、可转换公司债等来募集产业整合需要的资金。三是推广积极短期融资券、中期票据、中小企业集合票据等直接融资债务工具。四是大力发展融资租赁业务。五是通过成立或引进信托投资公司、风险投资基金、产业投资基金等各种形式吸纳更多的民间资本,有效拓展产业集群内企业的融资渠道。

The third,The equipment manufacturing industry to actively expand the direct financing channels.One is to encourage conditional equipment manufacturing enterprise through the motherboard/gem/Small and medium-sized enterprise board and even overseas listing.The second is to support equipment manufacturing enterprise through the issuance of QiYeZhai/Corporate debt/Convertible bonds to raise industrial integration needs money.Three is to promote positive short-term financing bonds/Medium-term notes/Small and medium-sized enterprises, such as collection bill direct financing debt instruments.The fourth is to develop a financing lease business.Five is established by introducing or trust and investment companies/Risk investment funds/Industrial investment fund, etc. Various kinds of forms in recruiting more private capital,Effective development within the industry cluster of enterprises financing channels.

　　第四，要积极为装备制造业提供贸易投资便利化。近年来，黑龙江省装备制造企业出口逐渐增加，一些龙头企业出口销售额已占销售总额的10%左右。出口地区由发展中国家扩大到欧、美、日等发达国家，出口形式由原来的单机销售转变为成套产品出口、工程总承包销售。一些装备制造业企业对外投资力度明显加大，不少企业开始通过新建和并购等方式开展海外投资。对此，金融部门应在外汇管理和服务上给予更大的支持。一是外汇管理部门应经常深入到装备制造企业主动服务，及时了解企业遇到的实际困难和掌握企业对外汇管理政策需求,最大限度地为装备制造业扩大出口和“走出去”提供了坚实的外汇政策支持。二是加快推进跨境贸易和投资人民币结算业务。三是积极为大型装备制造企业开拓海外市场和生产基地提供资金支持。四是积极运用“出口信用保险+商业信贷资金”的模式促进大型技术装备对外贸易，为装备制造企业提供融资便利和风险保障。五是各外汇指定银行要积极指导装备制造企业规避汇率风险，在风险可控前提下逐步推出更多的金融衍生工具，以满足企业规避汇率风险的需求。

The fourth,The equipment manufacturing industry should actively provide trade and investment facilitation.In recent years,Heilongjiang province equipment manufacturing enterprises to export increase gradually,Some leading enterprises export sales have accounted for about 10% of total sales.By developing countries export area expanded to Europe/beauty/Day and other developed countries,Export form from the original single sales into complete sets of products export/General contractor sales.Some of the equipment manufacturing industry enterprise foreign investment increased obviously,Many enterprises began to through the new and mergers and acquisitions, etc to carry out overseas investment.this,The financial departments should be in foreign exchange management and services to give greater support.One is the foreign exchange administration department should often deep into the equipment manufacturing enterprise active service,Prompt understanding enterprise meet the practical difficulties and master the enterprise to the foreign exchange management policy needs,Maximum limit for equipment manufacturing industry and expand exports"Go out"Provide a solid foreign exchange policy support.Two is to accelerate the propulsion cross-border trade and investment RMB settlement business.Three is positive for large equipment manufacturing enterprises to exploit overseas market and production base to provide financial support.The fourth is to use"Export credit insurance + commercial credit funds"The mode of large-scale technology and equipment to promote foreign trade,For equipment manufacturing enterprises to provide convenient and financing risk safeguard.Five is the designated foreign exchange Banks shall actively guiding equipment manufacturing enterprise to avoid exchange rate risk,In the risks are controllable premise gradually introduced more financial derivatives,In order to meet the needs of the enterprise to avoid exchange rate risk.

　　（作者单位为中国人民银行哈尔滨中心支行）

(The author unit for the people's bank of China Harbin center branch)