编者提示：装备制造企业的一个共性特点就是资产负债率高、销售利润率偏低、银行利息成本负担较重。融资渠道的多元化、多层次与市场细分化，有利于解决不同类型、不同阶段装备制造企业融资难的问题。

Editor hint:Equipment manufacturing enterprise of a common characteristic is the asset-liability ratio is high/Return on sales on the low side/Bank interest cost burden is heavy.The diversification of financing channels/Multi-level and market segmentation,Helps to solve different types/Different stage equipment manufacturing enterprise financing difficult problem.

　　阳泉市装备制造工业伴随着煤炭采掘业的发展而逐渐产生、形成和壮大，最早可追溯到1896年，有着悠久的历史和较好的基础。近年来，阳泉市装备制造业进入新的复苏发展时期。不过，由于阳泉市经济发展具有过度依赖资源禀赋、结构性矛盾突出、新产业发展不足等特点，再加之，产业规模小、技术支撑能力弱、融资渠道不畅、发展空间和发展环境的限制等因素，阳泉装备制造业发展仍然滞后。因此，必须科学地分析阳泉装备制造业的竞争优势与存在的问题，充分利用各种要素资源，推动阳泉装备制造业做大做强，实现跨越发展。

Yangquan city equipment manufacturing industry along with the development of coal mining and gradually produce/Formation and expansion,The earliest can be traced back to 1896,Has a long history and a good foundation.In recent years,Yangquan city of the equipment manufacturing industry into a new recovery development period.but,Due to the economic development of yangquan city is overly dependent on endowment of resources/Acute structural tensions/New industry development characteristics such as insufficient,furthermore,Small industrial scale/Technical support ability weak/Financing channel/Development space and development environment factors such as restrictions,YangQuan equipment manufacturing industry development still lag.therefore,Must be a scientific analysis YangQuan equipment manufacturing industry competitive advantages and existing problems,Make full use of various elements resources,Promote YangQuan equipment manufacturing industry bigger and stronger,To realize leaping development.

　　阳泉装备制造业现状 YangQuan equipment manufacturing industry present situation

　　进入“十一五”以来，随着企业改革和经济结构调整力度的加大，阳泉市工业生产稳步增长，装备制造业生产状况也出现了比较明显的好转，已超越化工、冶金行业，成为全市工业第三大产业。其发展呈现出以下特点：

into"11th five-year plan"since,Along with the enterprise reform and economic structure adjustment intensified efforts,Yangquan city industrial production growing steadily,The production status of the equipment manufacturing industry also appeared obviously improved,Has already surmounted the chemical/Metallurgical industry,Become the industry's third largest industry.Its development presents the following features:

　　第一，产业整体发展迅速，重点行业处于领先地位。2009年以来，阳泉市装备制造业出现了前所未有的强劲发展势头，形成了一批以阳煤集团华越机械为龙头的煤矿机械制造企业、山西华鑫电气有限公司为龙头的煤矿电气制造企业、以阳泉阀门公司、阳泉水泵厂为龙头的通用机械制造企业和在国内同行业有明显优势的产品，装备制造业已成为阳泉市具有一定规模和实力的重要产业。

The first,Industry as a whole has developed very fast,Key industries is in the lead.Since 2009,Yangquan city of the equipment manufacturing industry appeared an unprecedented strong momentum of development,Formed a number of YangMei group China as the leading the mechanical coal mine machinery manufacturing enterprises/Shanxi JHNCC electrical co., LTD. Is the leading coal mine electrical manufacturing enterprise/To YangQuan valves/YangQuan pump factory as the leading general machinery manufacturing enterprises and in the domestic industry has obvious advantage of the products,Equipment manufacturing has become a certain scale yangquan city and the strength of the important industry.

　　第二，产品种类比较齐全，竞争优势逐步显现。据调查，全市装备制造企业中拥有企业技术中心3个，拥有自主知识产权的专利103项，9种产品获得山西省名牌产品，8件商标获得著名商标。2010年全市装备制造业技术改造经费投入1.2亿元，新产品研发投入5501万元。

The second,Product variety is complete,Competitive advantage gradually appear.According to the survey,The equipment manufacturing enterprises have enterprise technology center 3,With independent intellectual property rights of patent 103 items,Nine products gain Shanxi Province famous brand product,8 a trademark get famous trademark.In 2010, the equipment manufacturing industry technical reconstruction funds investment 120 million yuan,New product research and development investment 55.01 million yuan.

　　第三，投资力度逐年加大，发展后劲不断增强。据不完全统计，从2003年到2010年，阳泉市装备制造业总投资4亿多元，全行业年销售收入达到20亿元。

The third,Investment increased year by year,To enhance the development in the future.According to incomplete statistics,From 2003 to 2010,Yangquan city of the equipment manufacturing industry with a total investment of 400 million yuan,The industry annual sales income amounted to 2 billion yuan.

　　2010年，阳泉装备制造业总产值达到30亿元，工业增加值达到6亿元。但是，要真正实现跨越式发展，还存在不少困难和矛盾，具体表现为小、散、低、弱。

In 2010,,YangQuan equipment manufacturing industry output value reached 3 billion yuan,Industrial added value reached 600 million yuan.but,To truly realize the great-leap-forward development,There are still quite a few difficulties and contradictions,Specific performance is small/scattered/low/weak.

　　“小”：一是企业规模小。二是经济总量小。全市除开发区外，各县、区装备制造业增加值占比仅为5％～6％。“散”：一是企业分布散乱，无法形成聚集效应和相互配套。二是产品生产散乱，缺乏整机带动效应。“低”：民营经济比重占比低。由于装备制造业进入门槛较高，民营经济在某些方面还受到种种限制，获得政府和金融机构的支持难，参与产业配套难，发展机会少，影响了产业集群的发展。“弱”：一是小企业配套能力弱。二是技术支撑能力弱。三是投融资能力较弱。这是当前阳泉市企业普遍存在的问题，特别是对于中小企业相对集中的装备制造业来讲就更为严重。同时，阳泉企业债、公司债、短期融资券等融资业务发展缓慢，多数企业无法从资本市场、货币市场获取生产经营发展所需资金，而过度依赖银行贷款，单一的融资结构严重制约了该市装备制造业的快速发展。

"small":One is the small scale of the enterprise.The second is small amount of economy.The city except the development zone,counties/Area than the equipment manufacturing industry sector accounted for only 5% ~ 6%."scattered":One is the enterprise distribution scattered,Can't form aggregation effect and supporting each other.The second is the product production scattered,The lack of the machine drive effect."low":The private economy accounted for the proportion of than low.Because of the equipment manufacturing industry into a higher threshold,The private economy in some ways but also by the various restrictions,To receive government and financial institutions to support,Participate in industrial supporting difficult,Less chance for development,Affected the development of industrial clusters."weak":A small business matching capacity is weak.The second is weak technical support ability.The third is investment and financing ability is weak.This is the current yangquan city enterprise common problems,Especially for small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of the relative concentration of the equipment manufacturing industry is more serious.At the same time,YangQuan QiYeZhai/Corporate debt/Short-term financing bonds and financing business development is slow,Most of the enterprise can't from the capital market/Currency markets for production and operation of the funds required for the development,And overly dependent on bank loans,Single financing structure seriously restricted the rapid development of the equipment manufacturing industry.

　　促进装备制造业的做大做强 To promote the equipment manufacturing industry bigger and stronger

　　建议从以下几个方面进一步促进阳泉市装备制造业做大做强：

Suggestions from the following several aspects to further promote yangquan city of the equipment manufacturing industry bigger and stronger:

　　第一，发挥政策导向，立足经济基础，扶持重点制造业。一是围绕服务煤炭产业，以“强”为主，发展壮大煤矿机电装备制造业。二是围绕改造提升传统产业，以“特”为主，发展通用机械设备制造业。三是围绕服务建筑产业，以“大”为主，发展起重装备制造业。四是围绕铝深加工产业，发展高端铝制品制造业。

The first,Play policy guidance,Based on the economic basis,Support key manufacturing.One is the service around the coal industry,to"strong"Give priority to,Develop coal mine mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing industry.The second is around, transform and promote the traditional industry,to"'s"Give priority to,The development of general machinery equipment manufacturing.The third is around service building industry,to"big"Give priority to,The development of lifting equipment manufacturing industry.The fourth is around the aluminum processing industry,The development of high-end aluminium product manufacturing.

　　第二，加强政策扶持，完善激励机制，促进装备制造业加速发展。一是设立装备制造业扶持发展基金，列入财政预算。二是制定优先本市采购政策。三是提高企业固定资产折旧率。四是实施地方税费减免政策。五是实行积极的融资信贷政策。充分利用国家机电产品出口退税政策，争取出口产品的专项贴息资金支持。围绕装备制造业发展重点，设立重大项目、重大技术改造贷款财政贴息专项资金，减轻企业负担。对因支持重点装备制造业企业产生的不良贷款，按一定比例给予核销或剥离。六是优化财政支出结构，支持园区建设。

The second,Strengthen the policy support,Perfect incentive mechanism,Promote accelerated development of the equipment manufacturing industry.One is to set up the equipment manufacturing industry support development fund,Included in the budget.The second is this city for priority purchasing policy.Three is to improve enterprise fixed assets depreciation rate.Four is the local tax relief policies.Five is a positive financing credit policy.Make full use of national mechanical and electrical products export tax rebate policy,For export products of special discount fund support.The equipment manufacturing industry around the focus of development,Major projects set up/Major technical renovation loans fiscal interest discount special funds,Reduce enterprise burden.Due to support key equipment manufacturing industry enterprise produce bad loans,According to a certain proportion to cancel after verification or peel.Six is to optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure,Support park construction.

　　第三，完善创新体系，提升产业层次，增强装备制造业核心竞争力。一是加强自主创新，为装备制造业提供技术支撑。二是围绕高端加工制造业，提升产业层次。三是全面加快产业园区建设步伐。

The third,Perfect innovation system,Upgrade of industrial level,Enhancement of the equipment manufacturing industry core competitiveness.One is to strengthen the independent innovation,Provide technical support for equipment manufacturing industry.The second is around high-end processing manufacturing,Upgrade of industrial level.Three is the comprehensive to speed up the industrial park construction pace.

　　第四，加大金融支持力度，拓宽融资渠道，形成装备制造业发展的多元投资格局。一是促进信息沟通交流，为装备制造企业搭建融资平台。二是加强窗口指导，引导金融机构进一步拓展融资渠道，增加对装备制造企业的信贷投入。三是加大信贷支持力度。目前，银行信贷仍然是企业融资的主渠道。各银行业金融机构要从区域经济发展的实际出发，积极与上级行沟通，争取新品种业务的权限下放，力争获得区域化的信贷政策。要根据装备制造业资金需求的不同特点，主动实施信贷产品的创新，积极开展应收账款质押、专利权质押、商标专用权质押、设备抵押、无形资产质押等贷款业务。允许企业以原材料、产成品等动产抵押，加快实行保单质押、土地出租、入股权益质押等担保形式；根据不同装备制造企业的实际情况，建立符合监管要求的灵活的差别化利率定价机制。要主动适应装备制造企业经营规模、项目建设投资日益扩大的趋势，探索建立各金融机构间的合作机制，积极开展并购贷款、银团贷款，为装备制造业在并购整合，提高行业集中度方面提供资金支持。

The fourth,Increase financial support,Broaden the financing channels,Formation of the equipment manufacturing industry development of multiple investment pattern.One is to promote information communication,For equipment manufacturing enterprise build financing platform.The second is to strengthen the window guidance,Guide financial institutions to further expand the financing channels,Increase the equipment manufacturing enterprise credit investment.Three is to increase credit support.At present,Bank credit is still the main channel of enterprise financing.All banking financial institutions to regional economic development from the reality,Positive and superior line communication,The limits of authority for new business delegate,Strive to obtain regionalization of the credit policy.The equipment manufacturing industry according to the different characteristics of the capital demand,Active implement credit product innovation,Actively carry out the pledge receivables/Patent pledge/Exclusive rights to use a trademark pledge/Equipment mortgage/Intangible assets such as pledge loan business.Allow enterprises with raw materials/Manufactured goods and chattels mortgage,To speed up the implement policy pledge/Land rent/Become a shareholder rights pledge, etc guarantee form;According to the different equipment manufacturing enterprise's actual situation,Establishment conforms to regulatory requirements of flexible differentiation interest rate pricing mechanism.To adapt to the equipment manufacturing enterprise scale of operation/Project construction investment growing trend,To explore the financial institutions to establish cooperation mechanism,Actively carry out m&a loan/Syndicated loan,For equipment manufacturing industry in m&a integration,Improve the industry concentration aspects to provide financial support.

　　第五，不断拓宽融资渠道。政府、人民银行要加强沟通协作，积极宣传推广短期融资券、中期票据、中小企业集合票据等金融市场创新产品，推动符合条件的企业申报发行债务融资工具，引导企业扩大直接融资规模。加强与保险企业的合作。企业可以合理合法利用民间借贷方式，努力寻求金融机构之外的融资渠道。

The fifth,Continuously broaden the financing channels.The government/People's bank to strengthen communication and coordination,Active promotion of short-term financing bonds/Medium-term notes/Small and medium-sized enterprise set bill, and other financial market innovation products,Promote the qualified enterprise declaration issued debt financing tool,Guide enterprise to expand the scale of direct financing.Strengthen and insurance enterprise cooperation.Enterprise can reasonable legal use of private lending practices,To seek for the financial institutions outside of the financing channels.

　　（作者单位为中国人民银行阳泉市中心支行）

(The author unit for the people's bank of China branch yangquan city center)