对话温州资深民间金融人杨嘉兴

Dialogue wenzhou folk finance YangJiaXing senior people

　　■ 对话动机

S dialogue motivation

　　温州金融改革试点已启动半年之久。半年来，温州成立了民间借贷登记服务中心，设立小贷公司，希望引导民资进入金融领域。

Wenzhou financial reform pilot has been launched for half a year.Half a year to,Wenzhou established folk loan registration service center,The company set up small loans,What want to lead into the financial sector.

　　消息显示，温州地区半年内新成立了小贷公司2家；没有1家小贷公司转为村镇银行，利率市场化也没有取得任何进展……曾让民间金融看到的温州金改，被评价为无“决定性突破”。

News show,Wenzhou area half year new established small credit company two;No 1 small loan companies into town bank,Interest rate marketization have also failed to make any progress...Once let folk financial see wenzhou gold change,Be evaluated as no"Decisive breakthrough".

　　“民办银行”被认为是金改最核心突破点。作为温州资深民间金融人，杨嘉兴在这半年中把他开办“温州市农业发展银行”的计划推进得最具雏形。后来他一度宣布放弃，但仍然期待有“好政策”。他遭遇了什么？他怎样看待温州金改的现状和未来？

"Private bank"Is considered the gold to the most core breakthrough point.As a senior wenzhou folk financial people,In this half a year YangJiaXing the he set up"Wenzhou agricultural development bank"Plan to promote the most rudiment.Later he once recant,But still expect"Good policy".What has become of him?How does he look at wenzhou gold change the present situation and the future?

　　■ 对话人物

S conversation

　　杨嘉兴

YangJiaXing

　　67岁，曾在1986年创办中国首家股份制城市信用社——温州鹿城城市信用社，引起一时轰动。1995年，根据中央金融主管部门相关政策，该信用社改组为“温州市商业银行”，杨嘉兴退出。今年5月，杨嘉兴根据新出台的政策，与合伙人申请筹建“温州市农业发展银行”，该计划迄今未果。

67 - year - old,Once in 1986 founded China's first urban credit cooperatives joint-stock, wenzhou lucheng urban credit cooperatives,Caused a sensation.In 1995,,According to the department in charge of the central financial policies,This credit cooperatives for reorganization"Wenzhou city commercial bank",YangJiaXing exit.In may this year,YangJiaXing according to the new policy,The preparation and application for a partner"Wenzhou agricultural development bank",The plan so far not if really.

　　10月26日，杨嘉兴告诉记者：“刚刚我又收到同行发给我的一条短信，说新的温州市金改政策近期有望获批。”

On October 26,,YangJiaXing told reporters:"Just I have received peer sent me a message,Said the new wenzhou gold change policy in the near future is expected to be approved."

　　“消息来源可靠吗？”

"Source of the information reliable?"

　　“暂时只能是传闻，但我还是宁可信其有。”

"Temporary is only hearsay,But I still would rather believe it has."

　　26年前，温州人杨嘉兴曾创办了中国首家股份制城市信用社。此后几经波折，他的民资银行梦燃了又灭，灭了重燃。

26 years ago,Wenzhou people YangJiaXing had founded China's first urban credit cooperatives joint-stock.Then after many twists and turns,His what bank dream combustion and destroy,Out reignition.

　　今年4月份，温州金融改革试点正式启动。5月份，银监会发布的《关于鼓励和引导民间资本进入银行业的实施意见》中，关于“民营企业可通过发起设立方式投资银行业金融机构”的表述，吸引67岁的杨嘉兴再度出山。

In April this year,Wenzhou financial reform pilot official start.may,Issued by the banking regulatory commission (CBRC)[About encouraging and guiding the folk capital into the banking of the implementation opinions]in,about"The private enterprise can through the start to establish a way investment banking financial institutions"statement,Attract the 67 - year - old YangJiaXing mountain again.

　　杨嘉兴联合合伙人，向金融管理部门提交了关于筹建“温州市农业发展银行”的申请方案。为顺利获批，团队在银行名称和业务方面突出了国家政策正在倡导的“服务三农”的宗旨，预计注册资金20亿，并组织召开了银行筹备会议，邀请政商界人士出席，从当地温商中寻求投资意向。5天吸引了8.75亿元股份认购。

YangJiaXing joint partners,Submit to financial management department about preparation"Wenzhou agricultural development bank"Application scheme.For smoothly approved,The team in the name of the bank and business aspects of national policy is highlighted by"The three rural service"aim,Is expected to the registered capital of 2 billion,And the organization held a bank preparatory meeting,Invite government business people to attend,From the local temperature quotient for investment intention.Five days attracted 875 million yuan shares subscription.

　　然而，现实与预期有太大出入。和同期温州其他民资发起的“华侨银行”、“温州现代商业控股银行”的命运一样，杨嘉兴的“温州市农业发展银行”自提请之日起至今未果。

however,Reality and expect to have too big access.During the same period and wenzhou what other launched"Overseas Chinese bank"/"Wenzhou modern commercial holding bank"As the fate of the,YangJiaXing of"Wenzhou agricultural development bank"Since the date of request has not if really.

　　这位温州民间金融的元老级人物此前曾断言“温州金改没戏了”，这次他告诉记者，那是气话，只要还有一点可能，他都愿意再出来做事。

The wenzhou folk financial patriarch character levels had earlier assertion"Wenzhou gold to hope",This time he told reporters,That is angry words,As long as there is a little may,He is willing to work out again.

　　民资银行筹办遇阻

What was the bank for blocked

　　新京报：截至目前，“温州市农业发展银行”的计划还有没有进展？

The Beijing news:So far,"Wenzhou agricultural development bank"Plan and no progress?

　　杨嘉兴：没有任何进展，一个电话都没有，组建银行的筹备文件我之前都已经撕了。

YangJiaXing:There has been no progress,A no telephone,The preparation of a bank documents before I have torn.

　　新京报：“温州市农业发展银行”这个计划当时是如何发起的？

The Beijing news:"Wenzhou agricultural development bank"The plan was how to launch?

　　杨嘉兴：5月份我看到细则（指银监会《关于鼓励和引导民间资本进入银行业的实施意见》），其中有一条是“民营企业可通过发起设立等方式投资银行业金融机构”，我觉得民资办银行的机会终于来了，就跟我的团队开始商讨、制定方案。最后决定把银行命名为“温州市农业发展银行”，业务范围定位于服务三农和中小微企业。

YangJiaXing:May I see the rules(Refers to the CBRC[About encouraging and guiding the folk capital into the banking of the implementation opinions]),One of which is"The private enterprise can be established through methods such as investment banking financial institutions",I think what to do bank the chance came at last,Just like my team began to discuss/Make plan.Finally decided to take the bank named"Wenzhou agricultural development bank",Scope of business located in the three rural service and small and medium-sized micro enterprise.

　　新京报：前期的筹备工作顺利吗?

The Beijing news:The preparatory work well?

　　杨嘉兴：顺利，大家也都十分踊跃。我们向当地商人发放了投资意向表，短短5天就已经有几十家意愿认股方，认购达到了8.75亿股。

YangJiaXing:smoothly,Everybody also very enthusiastically.We to the local businessman handed out the investment intention list,Just five days has dozens of intend to subscription party,Subscribe to 875 million strands.

　　新京报：大家对政策信心十足？

The Beijing news:Everybody confidence of the policy?

　　杨嘉兴：主要是因为我20多年前成功创办了鹿城区城市信用社，是他们对我这个人办事情的信心……我不想让大家失望，但后来的问题不是我们个人能左右的。

YangJiaXing:Mainly because of more than 20 years ago I started success lucheng district urban credit cooperatives,To me this people do things confidence...I don't want to let you down,But then problem is not our personal can control.

　　新京报：后来遭遇了什么障碍？

The Beijing news:What happened later obstacles?

　　杨嘉兴：前期准备就绪以后，我把申报材料亲自送到金融办，回去就盼着消息，4天以后他们给我来一个电话，说，你材料送错地方了，你应该送到银监局的……我材料送错了你当时不说，几天后才说我送错了？我就明白了，这也不是材料送错没送错的问题。

YangJiaXing:Prophase preparations have been made,I put the filing materials personally delivered to financial do,Go back to looking forward to news,Four days later they give me a phone call,said,You material miscarried,You should be sent to the CBRC of...I material to send the wrong you were not,A few days later to say I sent the wrong?I'll see,This is not material to send the wrong not to send the wrong question.

　　政策层面没人愿担风险

The policy level nobody will go out on a limb

　　新京报：你觉得是什么问题？

The Beijing news:Do you think what's the problem?

　　杨嘉兴：我当时想了想，问题有可能出在名字上。我打的申请是《温州农业发展银行设立申请书》，根据现在温州金融改革方案里的规定，自然人不能申请设立村镇银行、小额贷款公司。那我想，你不能让我办银行，批准我搞一个非银行金融机构也行啊。不过这些说到底，还是政策层面的问题，太难突破了，谁也不想担风险。

YangJiaXing:I had wanted to think,Problems may come in the name.I dozen application is[Wenzhou agricultural development bank establishment requisition],According to the current wenzhou financial reform scheme of the regulations,Natural person can not apply for the establishment of a bank of villages and towns/Petty loan company.That I want to,You can't let me bank,Approval I make a non-bank financial institutions would be fine.But these in the final analysis,Or the problem of the policy level,Too hard to break through the,Who also don't want to go out on a limb.

　　新京报：这个风险具体是指什么？

The Beijing news:The risk specific what be to point to?

　　杨嘉兴：因为有温州此前的金融风波（指当地民间资本链断裂、民企老板跑路潮和制造业凋敝等），所以现在管理部门很怕出事，怕再出现民间资本的风险，温州确实不敢再出事了。但其实我们关于办银行的可行性方案做得很细致，包括提高准备金、控制规模、规范操作等等，如何运营和监管都有考虑，论证是没有问题的。当年我们办鹿城区信用社的时候冒的风险才大，做决策的领导也担了很大的政治风险。当时是连像现在这样的政策都没有的。

YangJiaXing:Because there are wenzhou previous financial storm(Refers to the local folk capital chain fracture/Corporation boss run road tide and industrial manufacturing, etc),So now management department is very afraid of the accident,Afraid of reappear folk capital risk,Wenzhou does not dare to had an accident.But in fact we do Banks about the feasibility of the scheme do very meticulous,Include improving reserve/To control the size/Standardized operation and so on,How to operation and supervision have consider,This is no problem.When we do the lucheng district credit risk to big,Make decisions leadership also bear a lot of political risk.At that time is even like this policy has not.

　　对好政策“宁可信其有”

Good policy to"Would rather believe its to have"

　　新京报：你认为较短时期内，开办民资银行还会有希望吗？

The Beijing news:Do you think a short time period,What was the open bank will have hope?

　　杨嘉兴：刚刚我收到同行发给我的一条短信，说温州市金改政策近期有望获批。虽然是传闻，但我还是宁可信其有，一切看后面的政策情况再说吧。

YangJiaXing:Just I received peer sent me a message,Said wenzhou gold change policy in the near future is expected to be approved.Although is the speculation,But I still would rather believe it has,All look at the back of the policies to say again.

　　新京报：在民资独立开办银行尚不可行的现状下，你对参股中小银行有期待吗？

The Beijing news:In what was the run an independent bank is still to be done under the present situation,You to participation of small and medium Banks are looking forward to?

　　杨嘉兴：这种形式我也欢迎，那也是人家（银行）看得起我们，对我们信任。但是比起参股银行的性质，我们民资控股发起成立的银行肯定更了解中小微企业，保证我们的独立性和话语权，我们在这方面会做得更专业。一开始的设想是成立完全意义的民资银行，现在觉得如果暂时做不成民资银行，那么允许民资参股中小银行、或者多开办几家非银行性质金融机构也是办法。

YangJiaXing:This kind of form I also welcome,It is somebody else(The bank)Look up to us,Trust us.But compared with the nature of the bank equity participation,What we holding sponsored by the bank must know more about small and medium-sized micro enterprise,Ensure our independence and discourse right,We are in this respect will do more professional.The idea of a start is established the complete meaning what bank,Now feel if temporary can't do what bank,Then allow what participation of small and medium Banks/Or more open a few non-bank financial institutions to nature also.

　　新京报：这算是一种退而求其次的想法？

The Beijing news:This is a kind of settle for second thoughts?

　　杨嘉兴：也不能说是退而求其次，金融本来就应该是分层次的……有国有银行，中小商业银行，同时也要有农村金融网络，有服务于小微企业的金融组织。金改是要让金融多元化。

YangJiaXing:Also cannot say settle for second best,Financial originally should be hierarchically...State-owned Banks have,Small and medium-sized commercial Banks,At the same time also to have the rural financial network,There are service YuXiaoWei enterprise financial organization.Gold change is to let financial diversified.

　　金改改好温州有生机

Gold change good wenzhou have vitality

　　新京报：内蒙古、四川、青海等中西部地区政府近期曾邀请温商考察投资，有没有邀请你？

The Beijing news:Inner Mongolia/sichuan/Qinghai and parts of the Midwest government recently invited temperature quotient on investment,Have invited you?

　　杨嘉兴：也邀请我了。当时票都买好了，后来我自己临时有点事，就没跟别人一起去。

YangJiaXing:Also invite me.At that time bought the ticket,Then my own temporary have something,Didn't go with others.

　　新京报：其他温商去考察过之后，有没有已经在这些地方做成的？

The Beijing news:Other temperature quotient to after investigation,In these places have already done?

　　杨嘉兴：去倒是有不少去的，没听说谁做起来了。但是据我所知，这些地区跟温州相比，政策环境宽松很多。如果外面有好的机会，我也会考虑，但我最希望看到的还是我们温州的金改能有切实成效，能在温州做成民资金融机构。金融风波对温州来说是灭顶之灾，是十年都无法缓解的问题。金改改好了，温州还有生机。我今年67岁了，退休在家不指望发财，更想留在这里发挥余热。

YangJiaXing:There is a lot to go,Hadn't heard who do up.But so far as I know,Compared with these areas of wenzhou,The policy environment loose a lot.If it's a good chance,I would also consider,But I most like to see or do we wenzhou gold change can have practical results,What can make financial institutions in wenzhou.Financial turmoil is a catastrophe of wenzhou,Is ten years can alleviate the problem.Gold change good,Wenzhou and vitality.I am 67 years old,Retired at home does not expect to make a fortune,More want to stay here exertive waste heat.

　　金改不能全靠政府

Gold change can't all by the government

　　新京报：温州启动金改已经开始半年有余，你眼中的金改是怎样的？

The Beijing news:Wenzhou QiDongJin change has begun to half a year to spare,Your eyes change of gold is what kind of?

　　杨嘉兴：我觉得是没有实质性的进展。是在做事情，地方政府的诚意是有的，我知道市委书记往北京跑了好几趟了，是发自内心希望温州好。但是步伐太慢、幅度小。金改不能完全靠政府部门，很多时候他们不了解民间金融的实际情况，闭门造车是造不出来的。

YangJiaXing:I think there is no substantial progress.Is doing things,The local government sincerity is there,I know that secretary of municipal committee of the CPC to Beijing made several trips to the run,Is the innermost hope wenzhou good.But the slow pace/Amplitude small.Gold change cannot be completely by the government,Most of the time they don't know the actual situation of the folk finance,Work behind closed doors is made out.

　　新京报：你所认为的“闭门造车”具体表现在什么地方？

The Beijing news:What you think of"Work behind closed doors"The specific performance in what place?

　　杨嘉兴：比如成立民间借贷登记服务中心。很多企业都觉得登记中心就是忽悠，它既不是政府部门，也不是事业单位，不提供任何担保。

YangJiaXing:Such as folk loan registration service center was established.Many enterprises have to think registration center is the flicker,It is neither government departments,Also not institutions,Does not provide any guarantee.

　　它就是个借贷双方备案登记的平台，就是中介，哪来的公信力？一旦借贷出现违约它不承担责任。而且实际情况是很多企业不愿意公开资金状况，缺钱的去登记了，等于曝光了自己的财务情况；有钱放贷的去登记了，等于公开自己的利息收入，会有交高额所得税的顾虑。

It is a lending the registration of the platform,Is intermediary,Which come of credibility?Once the loan defaults it is not liable.But the actual situation is a lot of enterprise is not willing to public capital position,Lack of money to the registration,Equals exposure their financial situation;Money lending to the registration,Equal to open his own interest income,There will be pay the high income tax concerns.

　　所以，我认为像这种创新对于企业来说没有多大意义。出于“民间资本阳光化”的愿望是好的，但仍然是表面功夫。

so,I think like this kind of innovation for enterprise it didn't make much sense.Out of"The folk capital sunshine change"Wish is good,But there is still a surface kung fu.

　　说金改没戏是气话

Said gold change Lionel messi is angry words

　　新京报：你认为怎样做能实现金融改革的“实质性进展”？

The Beijing news:Do you think how to do can realize financial reform"Substantial progress"?

　　杨嘉兴：金融改革应该由我们这些人来带动。我们更了解民间资本，更了解中小微企业。金改可以做的事情很多，但最根本的一点是服务于实体经济，同时为温州庞大的民间资本找到出路。我觉得，允许民资兴办金融机构，专门服务于中小企业，这是最好的路径。

YangJiaXing:Financial reform should be made by us these people to drive.We know more about the folk capital,Know more about small and medium-sized micro enterprise.Gold change can do lots of things,But the most fundamental point is service to the real economy,At the same time for the wenzhou huge folk capital find a way out.I think,What allowed by financial institutions,Is dedicated to serving the small and medium-sized enterprise,This is the best path.

　　新京报：之前你断言说温州金改没戏了。

The Beijing news:You said before that wenzhou gold to hope.

　　杨嘉兴：那肯定也是气话了。细则刚出来时温州人积极性很高，都觉得温州有救了，拖到现在是这个结果，所以当时接受媒体采访的时候我情绪也比较过激。我现在觉得，只要还有一点可能，我都愿意再出来做这件事。

YangJiaXing:It must also the angry words.Just came out detailed rules when the wenzhou people high enthusiasm,All feel wenzhou has been already saved,Until now is the result,So when accepted the media interview when I mood and more extreme.I now feel,As long as there is a little may,I would like to do it out again.

　　■ 名词解释

S nouns explain

　　温州民间借贷登记服务中心

Wenzhou folk loan registration service center

　　温州民间借贷登记服务中心今年4月份挂牌，被认为是温州金融改革试点启动的标志。其运作核心是对当地民间借贷交易信息进行登记备案，登记的内容包括借贷双方信息、借贷期限、利率、担保措施、违约责任等内容。旨在减少借贷双方的法律纠纷和借贷风险，引导民间资金合法有序的进入到实体经济、小微企业创业之中。

Wenzhou folk loan registration service center in April this year listed,Considered wenzhou financial reform pilot start mark.Its operation is the core of local folk lending transactions registration information,Registration includes both lending information/Borrowing period/Interest rates/Guarantee measures/Liability for breach of contract, etc.Aims to reduce borrowing the legal disputes and credit risk,Guiding non-governmental capital legal and orderly into the real economy/Small micro enterprise of business.

　　□新京报记者　张泉薇 北京报道

- the Beijing news reporter ZhangQuanWei reports from Beijing