2015年车用柴油全面实施国四标准，2018年车用汽柴油国五标准上路 In 2015, the full implementation of the four countries vehicle diesel standards,2018 motor gasoline and diesel countries on five criteria

　　雾霾压力之下，中国的油品质量升级行动提速。昨日，国务院总理温家宝主持召开的国务院常务会议要求，“在已发布第四阶段车用汽油标准（即国四汽油标准，硫含量不大于50ppm，1ppm=1mg/kg）的基础上，由国家质检总局、国家标准委尽快发布第四阶段车用柴油标准（即国四柴油标准，硫含量不大于50ppm），过渡期至2014年底。”

Fog haze under pressure,China's product quality upgrade speed action.yesterday,The state council premier wen jiabao presided the state council executive meeting the requirements,"In the released the fourth stage motor gasoline standard(Which countries four gasoline standard,Sulfur content is not more than fifty PPM,1 PPM = 1 mg/kg)Based on,By the state quality inspection administration/The national standard committee released as soon as possible the fourth stage motor diesel standards(Which countries four diesel standards,Sulfur content is not more than fifty PPM),The transition to the end of 2014."

　　换而言之，2015年后中国将全面实施国四柴油标准，且柴油标准与汽油标准看齐。这是中国第一次提出车用柴油升级至国四标准的时间表。

In other words,2015 years later China will full implementation of the four countries diesel standards,With gasoline and diesel standards more standard.This is the first time that China put forward vehicle diesel upgrade to countries four standard schedule.

　　不仅如此，国五柴油标准的制定进程反超国五汽油标准。国务院常务会议昨日同时提出，“2013年6月底前发布第五阶段车用柴油标准（即国五柴油标准，硫含量不大于10ppm），2013年底前发布第五阶段车用汽油标准（即国五汽油标准，硫含量不大于10ppm），过渡期均至2017年底。”

Not only that,Countries five diesel standards process put five countries gasoline standard.Standing committee of state council meeting yesterday at the same time puts forward,"Before the end of June 2013 by the fifth stage motor diesel standards(Which countries five diesel standards,Sulfur content is not more than 10 PPM),Before the end of the year 2013 by the fifth stage motor gasoline standard(Which countries five gasoline standard,Sulfur content is not more than 10 PPM),All the transition to the end of 2017."

　　中国早在2011年年中就实施了汽油国四标准，当时给企业的过渡期“大限”是2013年12月31日；而从2013年7月起，国内流通的国标柴油需全部升级到国三标准（硫含量在350ppm以下）。

China as early as in the middle of 2011 will implement the gasoline countries four standard,At that time he gave enterprise transition period"time"Is December 31, 2013;From July 2013,Domestic circulation of national standard diesel to upgrade to countries all three standard(Sulfur content in the 350 PPM).

　　为何此次国务院常务会议将柴油提至如此显眼的位置？这是因为，虽然主要用柴油的卡车在中国车辆总数中只占了差不多四分之一，但其排放颗粒物的比重却占到将近80%，是汽车尾气污染的大户。车用柴油目前已有国三标准，但柴油车大量使用的仍是国三标准以下的普通柴油，硫含量甚至高于2000ppm。

Why the standing committee of state council meeting will diesel mention to so conspicuous position?This is because,Although the main diesel truck in China accounts for only of the total number of vehicles in almost a quarter,But the proportion of particle emission but accounted for nearly 80%,Automobile exhaust pollution is large.Automotive diesel there are countries three standard,But the use of a large number of car is still under three countries standard of ordinary diesel oil,Sulfur content and even more than 2000 PPM.

“每升油可能涨价0.5元” "Every litres of oil may rise in price 0.5 yuan"

　　此次国务院常务会议指出，“随着汽车保有量快速增长，汽车尾气排放对大气污染的影响日益增加。”

The standing committee of state council meeting pointed out,"With the rapid growth of auto possession,Automobile emission of atmospheric pollution increasing."

　　可查数据显示，中国已连续三年成为全球机动车产销第一大国，到2012年底，机动车保有量达2.4亿辆。环保数据同时显示，杭州机动车尾气排放对PM2.5（直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物）的影响程度达33%、上海车船尾气对PM2.5的影响程度为25%、北京机动车尾气排放对PM2.5的影响程度超过22%。

Can check data display,China has become the world for three consecutive years of motor vehicle production and marketing the first power,By the end of 2012,Motor vehicle quantities of 240 million vehicles.Environmental protection data shows at the same time,Hangzhou motor vehicle emission of PM2.5(Diameter less than 2.5 micron particles)The influence degree of 33%/Shanghai vehicle tail gas to the influence degree of the PM2.5 is 25%/Beijing motor vehicle exhaust emission in the PM2.5 the influence degree of more than 22%.

　　目前，北京开始执行接近欧盟标准的京五汽柴油标准，硫含量要低于10ppm；上海、广州、南京已实现国四标准汽油。此外，江苏、浙江及广东的十多个地市于2013年1月1日起实行国四标准车用油品；但其他地区，依然在使用国三汽油（硫含量在150ppm以下）以下标准。柴油升级更是缓慢，有不少地区仍在使用国一标准。

At present,Beijing started close to the eu standard Beijing five steam diesel standards,Sulfur content is lower than 10 PPM;Shanghai/guangzhou/Nanjing realized kingdom four standard gasoline.In addition,jiangsu/Zhejiang and guangdong more than ten cities in January 1, 2013 the country four standard motor oil;But other areas,Still in the use of three countries gasoline(Sulfur content in the 150 PPM)The following standards.Diesel upgrade is slow,There are many areas still in use countries a standard.

　　“现在路上看到那些屁股后面冒黑烟的车，基本都是那些用柴油的重卡、大客车。”安迅思息旺能源分析师储节旺说。

"Now the road to see the bottom smoke behind the car,Basic are those with diesel heavy card/bus."AnXunSi interest prosperous energy analysts storage section prosperous said.

　　“如果油品与新车同时从国三标准提升到国四标准，可减少尾气污染50%左右。”新华社昨日援引上海市环保局污防处副处长蔡智刚的话称。

"If oil and new car from countries at the same time three standard to ascend to the kingdom four standard,Tail gas pollution can be reduced by about 50%."The xinhua news agency quoted yesterday Shanghai environmental protection bureau, deputy director of the pollution in the prevention CaiZhiGang, said.

　　新华社旗下的经济参考报今年1月曾报道，在《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第五阶段）》（国五汽车标准）二次公开征求意见的同时，有关部门正在制定国五汽油标准和国五柴油标准。国五汽车标准适用于汽油车、柴油车等轻型汽车，将PM2.5等颗粒物粒子数量纳入了污染物控制项目。

The xinhua news agency's economic reference for January this year has been reported,in[Light vehicle emission limit value and method of measurement(China's fifth stage)](The five countries car standard)Secondary public to solicit their opinions at the same time,The relevant departments is developing countries and countries five gasoline standard five diesel standards.The five countries car standard applies to gasoline vehicle/Diesel truck and light vehicle,Will PM2.5 particles and particle number included pollutant control project.

　　不过，从2000年实施国一汽车标准以来，石化企业的油品供应从来就没有同步过，“有达标车、没达标油已经不是一次两次了”。

but,From 2000 the countries a car since the standard,Petrochemical enterprise's oil supply is never a synchronization,"The car has/No standard oil is not a two times".

　　储节旺称，“这次会议的重点在于柴油部分，之前对于柴油没有这么明确的时间表。柴油要达到国四标准，难度远远高于汽油，原因是从炼油的角度看汽油本身是轻质的，脱硫简单；柴油重质，去除其中的硫无论是技术要求，还是成本，都比汽油高。”

Storage section prosperous says,"The meeting will focus on diesel parts,For diesel oil before not so clear timetable.Diesel to countries four standard,The difficulty is far higher than gasoline,From the perspective of reason refining gasoline itself is light,Desulfurization simple;Diesel heavy,Remove the sulfur whether technical requirements,Or cost,Than gasoline high."

　　据一位炼油人士称，更根本的问题是，中国所炼的油很多本身就是重质、含硫量高，因此要实现较高的环保标准难度不小。“不过，从技术上看，这是可以实现，关键看成本。”

According to a refinery person said,A more fundamental problem is,The refined oil many itself is heavy/High sulfur content,So to achieve higher environmental standards not difficult."but,technically,This can be realized,Depends on cost."

　　此前曾有一家千万吨炼油能力的炼厂技术人士对早报记者称，从之前油品升级的经验上看，国家在提价上面只是消化新增成本的70至80%，剩下的由企业承担。

Previously had a ten million ton oil refining capacity of the refinery technical persons in morning paper reporter said,Before the upgrade from the oil on the experience,Countries in the above price only digest new cost 70 to 80%,The rest of the assumed by the enterprise.

　　以汽油成本为例，中石化有关专家称，上海油品是从国二直接升级到国四，每吨汽油成本增加了580元。这几年，炼油企业长期亏损，进行大规模技术改造，这是不小的财务压力。

With gasoline cost as an example,Sinopec experts say,Shanghai oil from two countries directly upgrade to four countries,Every tons of gasoline costs 580 yuan.Over the past few years,Oil refining enterprise long-term losses,Technical transformation on a large scale,This is a lot of financial pressure.

　　据卓创资讯测算，假如“三桶油”将汽柴油标准全部由国三升级为国四，可能要增加500亿元以上的投入，假如这一成本完全向终端销售环节转移，每升油价可能上涨0.5元以上。

According to zhuo and measure information,if"Three barrels of oil"The steam diesel standards by the countries all three upgrade for four countries,Is likely to increase the investment of 50 billion yuan of above,If the cost completely to terminal sales link transfer,Every litres of oil prices could rise by 0.5 yuan.

　　不过，一位业内人士称，“炼油企业说是这么说，但是就目前来说，国家在高标准的油品上给出的价格是比较合理的，根据我们掌握的数据，相比生产低标准油品，高标准油品获得的利润更高。所以新炼厂其实是有动力多生产高标准油品的。相反，那些旧炼厂，需要二次改造升级才能生产高标准油品的，其生产的经济性就弱很多，也没有动力去生产。”

but,A personage inside course of study says,"Oil refining enterprise, say so,But for now,Countries in the high standards of oil on the given price is reasonable,According to our master data,Compared with low standard oil production,High standard product higher profits.So the new refinery is actually motivated more production high standard product.instead,Those old refinery,Need to secondary upgrading to produce high standard product,The production of the economy is weak many,Also does not have the power to produce."

　　据测算，京五与国三标准的汽油价差在472元/吨，上海的沪四标准汽油和国三标准汽油价差在393元/吨；广州粤四汽油与国三汽油价差在387元/吨。

According to the calculation,The five and three countries standard gasoline price is in 472 yuan/ton,Shanghai Shanghai four standard gasoline HeGuoSan standard gasoline price is in 393 yuan/ton;Guangzhou guangdong four gasoline and countries in three petrol price 387 yuan/ton.

谁消费谁埋单 Who consumer who buried single

　　国务院常务会议要求，“加快国内炼油企业升级改造，确保按照汽、柴油标准升级实施时间如期供应合格油品。中石油、中石化、中海油要首先如期完成改造任务。加快汽车发动机相关技术研发与应用。”对于此次升级的时间表，储节旺称高于预期，对炼油企业而言压力不小。

The state council executive meeting requirements,"Speed up domestic oil refining enterprise upgrading,Ensure compliance with steam/Diesel standard upgrade implementation time duly supply qualified product.petrochina/sinopec/Cnooc will first finish reconstruction task.To speed up the car engine related technology research and development and application."For the update schedule,Storage section prosperous says higher than expected,For oil refining enterprise in big pressure.

　　“要到2014年底之前，全国的柴油都达到国四标准难度不小。这不仅仅得要求中石油、中石化达标，地方炼厂也得达标。现在地方炼厂不少连国三的汽油都到不了。”储节旺称，“要在2017年年底实施国五也不太现实，主要是经济性和技术两方面的问题。”

"To the end of 2014,The diesel oil at countries four standard big difficulty.This not only to the requirements of petroleum/Sinopec standard,Local refinery have to standard.Now a lot of LianGuoSan local refinery gasoline are not to."Storage section prosperous says,"In the end of 2017 the countries five also not too realistic,Mainly is the economy and technology two problems."

　　储节旺称，两大油都是上市公司，每年都有利润指标的压力。因此渐进式地改造更符合它们的利益。一次性大投入，财务报表会难看很多。

Storage section prosperous says,Two lard is a listed company,Every year, the pressure of profit index.So gradual to reform more accord with their interests.One-time big investment,Financial statements will be ugly many.

　　值得关注的是，此次国务院常务会议上提及，“按照合理补偿成本、优质优价和污染者付费的原则合理确定成品油价格，并完善对困难群体和公益性行业补贴政策。”

There is concern,The standing committee of state council meeting mention,"According to the reasonable compensation costs/High quality low and polluter pay principle reasonably determine the prices of refined petroleum products,And perfect for difficult group and public welfare industry subsidy policy."

　　储节旺称，“一定要提升油品质量，那么两大油肯定就是转嫁到消费者身上。谁使用，谁承担成本，这也是国家看好的方式。在油品升级的过程中，国家不会做出太多的补贴。”

Storage section prosperous says,"Must improve product quality,So two lard would have to be passed on to consumers.Who use,Who does the cost,This is good way to state.In the product upgrade process,Countries not to make too many subsidies."

　　此类观点并非一家之言。外界早有声音称，油品升级的成本应由消费者承担。如果让国家补贴，等于是全国人民补贴开车的人，不合理。而如果让石化企业承担太多负担，“两大油”就会成为新标准出台的最大阻力。

Such views are not totally.The outside world as early as a voice said,The cost of upgrading product should undertake by the consumers.If let state subsidies,The national people's subsidies and motorists,unreasonable.And if let petrochemical enterprise take too much burden,"Two lard"Will become the new standard on the introduction of the maximum resistance.

　　将高质量的油品价格升高虽然符合炼油企业的利益，但是这其中也有边际的问题。储节旺称，“国家把成品油的价格定太高对两大油也不是好事情。一方面会影响销量。另外一方面，太高了，进口的成品油优势就有了，这种情况下，炼油企业自称的炼油成本提升多少多少的说法，也就很难站住脚了。”

The high quality of the oil price rise although accord with the interests of the petroleum refining enterprise,But there is also a marginal problem.Storage section prosperous says,"The state of the oil price is too high to two lard is not a good thing.On the one hand can affect sales.On the other hand,Is too high,Import of petroleum products have the advantage,In this case,Oil refining enterprise claims to refining cost ascension that how much,It is not easy to stop the."

　　不过，也有人对油品涨价提出了自己的担忧。持此类论者认为，油品价格不能想涨就涨，必须接受外部监督，将账本摊出来，增加了多少成本，哪些部分由消费者承担，要讲清楚，必要时启动听证会等程序，以增加其透明度。（编注：法制日报此前报道，在最近的车用汽油国家标准修订过程中，主要起草单位恰恰是中国石油(601857,股吧)化工股份有限公司石油化工科学研究院，37名标准制定者中26人来自石油石化系统。）

but,Also some people to the oil price puts forward his own concerns.Hold such critics,Oil prices can't want to a rose,Must accept external supervision,Books will stand out,Increases the amount of cost,What part of the consumer is bear,We must make it clear,When necessary, such as start hearing procedure,In order to increase its transparency.(Knitting note:Legal daily reported previously,In the recent motor gasoline national standard in the process of revision,Main drafting unit is the China petroleum(601857,guba)Chemical co., LTD., petrochemical academy of sciences,37 name standard makers of 26 people from petroleum and petrochemical system.)

　　即使不考虑成本由谁承担，油品质量升级也需要一定的时间过程。生产达标油品，必须借助加氢装置，其反应器制造周期长达18个月；再加上环保部环评、发改委立项等审批过程以及初步设计和施工都需要时间。就是把储油罐中的普通油品全部换成车用（达标）汽油，以及达到全国调运国四汽油的物流能力，也需要一定时间。

Even if not consider cost who bear,Product quality upgrading also need some time to process.Produce oil,Must have the aid of hydrogenation unit,The reactor manufacturing cycle for eighteen months;Plus she eia/Development and reform commission (NDRC), such as project examination and approval process and preliminary design and construction needs time.The storage tank is the common product for all vehicle(standard)gasoline,And reached the national transit countries four gasoline logistics capability,Also need a certain time.