当代金融家2013年第3期 2013 contemporary financiers

    全世界绝大多数国家都完善了金融消费者保护机构，制定了消费者信贷法律、金融消费者利益保护法等。

    The vast majority of countries around the world have perfected the financial consumer protection agency,The consumer credit law/Financial consumer protection laws, etc.

　　“飞单”事件已经平息，无论是金融机构还是监管层都经历了前所未有的考验。然而，人们希望的中国的金融消费者保护长效机制在这次危机中得以完善的愿望，或许还需假以时日才能实现。

"Fly alone"Events have subsided,Both financial institutions and regulators have experienced an unprecedented test.however,People hope that the long-term effective mechanism of China's financial consumer protection perfected in the crisis,May also need to over time to achieve.

　　次贷危机蔓延至各国后，各国政府均开始比以往任何时候都更深刻地研读到保护金融消费者的权益的价值，有些国家甚至将松弛的消费者保护视为导致次贷危机产生并蔓延的重要原因。于是，全世界绝大多数国家都完善了金融消费者保护机构，制定了消费者信贷法律、金融消费者利益保护法等，美国的《金融消费者利益保护法》就多达有一千多页的内容。

After the subprime crisis spread to countries,Governments have begun than ever more deeply study to the value of protecting the rights and interests of financial consumers,Some countries even see sagging consumer protection as have led to the emergence and spread of the subprime mortgage crisis of important reason.so,The vast majority of countries around the world have perfected the financial consumer protection agency,The consumer credit law/Financial consumer protection laws, etc,In the United States[Financial consumer protection laws]As many as one thousand pages of content.

　　我国也未敢怠慢。

Our country also dare not snub.

　　2012年全国金融工作会议指出，要“把金融消费者权益保护放在更加突出位置，加强制度和组织机构建设，加强金融消费者教育，为金融消费者提供高水准的信息咨询服务，积极开展金融知识普及宣传工作，提高金融消费者的安全意识和自我保护能力”。

In 2012 the national financial work conference pointed out,to"The financial consumers' rights and interests protection in a more prominent position,To strengthen the construction of system and organization,Strengthen the consumer financial education,For finance consumer provides the high level of information consulting services,Actively carry out financial knowledge popularization propaganda work,Improve the financial consumers' safety awareness and self-protection ability".

　　2011年8月，国务院已正式批复“一行三会”（中国人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会）下设消费者保护局；9月，继保监会设立保险消费者权益保护局、证监会设立中小投资者保护局之后，央行、银监会内部均已成立独立的金融消费者保护局。

In August 2011,The state council has officially approved"A line of three will be"(The people's bank of China/The China banking regulatory commission/Securities regulatory commission (CSRC)/The China insurance regulatory commission)Under the consumer protection agency;In September,The circ to set up the insurance protection of consumers' rights and interests/Set up small and medium investor protection agency after the CSRC,The central bank/Banking regulatory commission within all has set up an independent consumer financial protection agency.

　　“一行三会”下设的消费者保护局的主要职责，可在各自网站上清晰看到：

"A line of three will be"Has the main responsibility of the consumer protection agency,Can be seen clearly on their website:

　　中国人民银行金融消费权益保护局主要职责是：

The main duties and responsibilities of financial consumer rights and interests protection of the people's bank of China is:

　　综合研究我国金融消费者保护工作的重大问题，会同有关方面拟订金融消费者保护政策法规草案；会同有关方面研究拟订交叉性金融业务的标准规范；对交叉性金融工具风险进行监测，协调促进消费者保护相关工作；依法开展人民银行职责范围内的消费者保护具体工作。

Comprehensive research on major issues of financial consumer protection work in our country,Together with related departments, and formulate the draft financial consumer protection policies and regulations;Together with related departments, to research and formulate standards to its financial business;To monitor risk crossing financial instructions,Coordination to promote consumer protection related work;In accordance with law of the people's bank of concrete work duties within the scope of consumer protection.

　　银监会消费者权益保护局的主要职责是：

Banking regulatory commission (CBRC) is the primary responsibility of the consumer rights and interests protection:

　　研究制订银行业消费者权益保护工作总体规划，拟定银行业消费者保护的规章制度和具体政策；调查处理银行业消费者投诉；开展银行业消费者公众教育等。

Research to develop banking consumer rights protection work overall planning,Draw up banking consumer protection regulations and specific policies;Investigate and handle banking consumer complaints;To conduct banking consumer public education, etc.

　　证监会投资者保护局的主要职责是：

Is the primary responsibility of the securities regulatory commission investor protection agency:

　　拟定证券期货投资者保护的政策法规；组织开展投资者教育和服务工作，督促市场主体向投资者提示风险；受理投资者投诉并组织协调、督促有关方面办理；协助投资者对受侵害权益依法进行救济；按规定监督投资者保护基金的管理和运用。

Securities and futures investors protection policies and regulations;Organization to carry out the investor education and service work,Supervise the market main body prompt risk to investors;Accept complaints from investors and organization and coordination/Urged relevant parties to handle;Assist investors to remedy the infringement of rights and interests according to law;According to regulations, supervision and investor protection fund management and use.

　　保监会保险消费者权益保护局的主要职责是：

Circ insurance is the primary responsibility of the consumer rights and interests protection:

　　拟定保险消费者权益保护的政策法规；调查处理损害保险消费者权益案件；开展保险消费者教育及服务信息体系建设工作，指导开展行业诚信建设工作；督促保险企业和从业人员加强信息披露、消费者风险提示等工作。

Develop policies and regulations for the protection of the rights and interests of insurance consumers;Damage insurance for investigating and handling cases of consumers' rights and interests;To carry out the insurance consumer education and service information system construction work,Guiding the industry credibility construction work;Supervise and urge insurance businesses and practitioners to strengthen information disclosure/Consumer risk warning, etc.

　　“一行三会”下设金融消费者利益保护机构的动议来自国际监管新趋势。但是，中国金融领域的法律却严重缺失，监管部门在处理投诉时也常常深感无法可依，已经出台的商业银行法、人民银行法和银行业监督管理办法等法律法规均不涉及此类内容。

"A line of three will be"Consists of financial consumer protection agency of motion from the international trend.but,The laws of the Chinese financial sector is serious lack,Regulators in handling complaints are often deeply can't can depend on,Commercial bank law has introduced/The people's bank and the banking industry supervision and management measures, such as the laws and regulations are not involved in this kind of content.

　　机构的设立令人欣慰。

Institutions set up a relief.

　　不过，有一个窘境至今尚无走出的迹象，那就是金融消费权益保护法在中国一直缺失，“飞单”事件等类似案件中的金融消费者权益保护处于无法可依的境地。

but,There is a dilemma shows no sign of come out so far,That is financial consumer rights and interests protection law in China has been missing,"Fly alone"Events and other similar cases of financial consumer rights and interests protection is not in accordance with the situation.

　　我国金融消费者保护立法目前的苍白在于：《消费者权益保护法》、《产品质量法》中没有金融消费者保护、金融服务质量方面的规定，而《中国人民银行法》、《商业银行法》、《证券法》、《保险法》等法律法规对金融消费者的保护大多只是原则性触及，少有直接规定，可操作性不强。

Financial consumer protection legislation in our country at present is pale:[Consumers' rights and interests protection law]/[Product quality standard]There is no financial consumer protection/The provisions of the quality of financial services,while[The people's bank of China]/[Commercial bank law]/[Securities laws]/[Insurance law]Laws and regulations of financial consumer protection is mostly just principle to touch,Rare direct regulation,Operability is not strong.

　　我国金融消费者保护司法目前的苍白在于：现实中，法院基本上不受理专门的金融消费者保护案件，即便受理也是以普通的合同关系对待，没有相应的规范机制针对金融消费者权益侵害的投诉。金融机构内部的投诉渠道因为其自身的垄断性质，往往导致案件无疾而终，因此作用不大。此外，投诉处理平台也不完善，相关协会的消费者保护功能，如各级消费者协会也忽略了对金融消费者的保护。

Financial consumer protection in our country judicial present is pale:In the real world,Court basically don't accept special financial consumer protection case,Even if acceptance in ordinary contract relationship,No corresponding standard mechanism for financial consumers' rights and interests violation complaints.Within financial institutions complaint channels because of its monopoly nature,Often lead to cases died,So little.In addition,Complaints processing platform is also not perfect,Consumer protection function of the relevant association,Such as consumer associations at all levels have ignored the protection of financial consumers.

　　我们已经往前迈开了一大步，搭好了架子。下一步，还需再迈开一大步，填充内容。

We have took a big step forward,Set the frame.The next step,Is it needed to mark a big step,Fill the content.

　　小资料

Little information

　　各国改革法案

The reform act

　　世界金融危机之后，金融消费者保护成为热门议题，许多国际组织（如20国集团、经合组织、世界银行、国际消费者联盟等）和典型国家、地区（如美国、英国、中国台湾地区等）纷纷出台相关举措。

After the world financial crisis,Financial consumer protection as a hot issue,Many international organizations(Such as the group of 20 leading nations/The organisation for economic co-operation and development/The world bank/International consumers union, etc)And a typical country/region(Such as the United States/The UK/Chinese Taiwan area and so on)Introduce appropriate measures.

　　20国集团于2011年10月发布了“20国集团金融消费者保护高层原则”，包括法律和监管框架等十项内容。美国2010年7月通过《多德-弗兰克华尔街改革与消费者保护法》，建立联邦保险办公室和消费者金融保护局，其核心即是金融改革和消费者保护。英国2010年6月通过的金融监管改革方案决定新设立消费者保护和市场管理局，后更名为金融行为准则局，负责监管所有金融服务行为，保护金融消费者。中国台湾地区2011年6月通过《金融消费者保护法》。

Issued by the group of 20 nations in October 2011"The group of 20 top financial consumer protection principles",Including legal and regulatory framework, etc.The United States by July 2010[The dodd-frank Wall Street reform and consumer protection laws],Set up the federal insurance office and consumer financial protection agency,Its core is financial reform and consumer protection.In June 2010 by the financial regulatory reform has decided to set up the new consumer protection and markets authority,Later renamed the financial bureau of code of conduct,Responsible for all financial services regulatory behavior,Protection of financial consumers.China's Taiwan region by June 2011[Financial consumer protection laws].

　　美国是最早开始关心金融消费者保护的国家之一，自20世纪至今已出台了一系列与金融消费者保护相关的法案。例如，美国1969年颁布了《诚实信贷法》、1974年颁布了《公平信贷法》、1975年颁布了《金融隐私权利法案》、1976年修正了《信贷机会均等法》、1977年颁布了《社区再投资法》等。

The United States is one of the first countries to begin to concern about financial consumer protection,Since the 20th century has introduced a series of related to financial consumer protection legislation.Such as the,The United States enacted in 1969[Honesty and credit method]/Enacted in 1974[Fair credit method]/Enacted in 1975[The financial privacy bill of rights]/Revised in 1976[Credit equal opportunity laws]/Enacted in 1977[The community reinvestment act], etc..

　　英国经济学家迈克尔·泰勒（Michael Taylor）也在20世纪末提出金融消费者保护应当与审慎监管一起作为金融监管的并行目标。2001年的《金融服务与市场法》将保护消费者作为金融监管目标正式写入立法，并成立了金融调查服务部解决消费者与金融机构之间的争议，甚至对金融服务局的不满也可以通过投诉专员办公室提出投诉。同年，金融服务局发布了《产品销售后公平对待消费者》。

British economist Michael Taylor(Michael Taylor)Also offer financial consumer protection should be at the end of the 20th century and prudent supervision as parallel objectives of financial regulation.In 2001,[Financial services and marketing]Will be officially written legislation protect consumers as financial regulatory objectives,And set up a financial investigation services, solve the disputes between consumers and financial institutions,Even dissatisfaction with the financial services authority (fsa) can make a complaint about complaints commissioner's office.In the same year,The financial services authority (fsa) has released[Product sales after the fair treatment of customers].

　　其他发达国家也纷纷效法英美。2001年，加拿大根据《金融消费者机构法》成立了专门的金融消费者保护机构。日本也在《消费者合同法》、《金融产品销售法》和《金融产品交易法》中增加了有关金融消费者保护的条款，并将金融消费者保护职责主要交给了金融厅，央行、消费者厅和财务省承担了一些辅助职责。澳大利亚也建立了专门处理消费者投诉的金融督察服务机构。

The rest of the developed countries have also emulate Britain and the United States.In 2001,,According to the Canada[Financial consumer agency law]Established a dedicated consumer financial protection agency.Japan is also in[Consumer contract law]/[Selling financial products]and[Financial products exchange act]Added to the provision of financial consumer protection,And the main financial consumer protection duty to the financial services agency,The central bank/Consumers hall and ministry of finance to undertake some auxiliary functions.Australia has also set up special financial supervision services dealing with customer complaints.

　　虽然起步较早，但欧美国家的金融消费者保护并不总是成功的。特别是金融危机的爆发，使美国监管当局意识到对金融消费者的保护存在着致命的漏洞，才使得次贷成为引发金融危机的罪魁祸首。为此，美国开始了一系列加强金融消费者保护的金融改革举措，包括通过《多德—弗克兰法》成立消费者金融保护局，通过《信用卡问责及信息披露法》将消费信贷纳入监管等。英国也计划在撤销金融管理局由英格兰银行统一行使监管权的基础上，成立消费者保护与市场署专司消费者保护之职，以保证中立、公正地履行金融消费者保护职责。

Although the early start,But the European and American countries financial consumer protection is not always successful.Especially the outbreak of the financial crisis,The us regulatory authorities aware of the financial consumer protection there is a fatal vulnerability,That makes the subprime be a culprit of the financial crisis.To do this,America began a series of financial reforms to strengthen the financial consumer protection,Including through[Dodd, crane method]Set up a consumer financial protection agency,Through the[Credit card accountability and disclosure of information law]Consumer credit will be incorporated in the regulation, etc.Britain also plans to cancel the financial administration by the bank of England on the basis of the right to exercise unified supervision,Establishment of consumer protection and market department deals with consumer protection,To ensure the neutrality/Financial consumer protection duties honestly.

　　欧洲针对金融危机暴露出来的监管问题提出了建立跨国金融监管机构的改革法案，而金融消费者保护将是跨国监管机构的核心职责。对于可能危及金融消费者利益的行为，跨国监管机构有权履行调查、评估、警告、禁止等职责。

Europe for the regulation of the financial crisis exposed problems put forward the multinational financial regulatory reform bill,And the financial consumer protection will be the core of the transnational regulatory responsibilities.That may endanger the interests of the consumer financial behavior,International reserves the right to perform investigations by the regulatory authorities/assessment/warning/Prohibit such duties and responsibilities.