为了破解这个缠绕千年的魔咒，大宋王朝在中国历史上第一次废弃了“均田制”，中国古代经济终于也在宋代达到了巅峰。新的盛衰嬗变中，得失几何？

In order to break the spell of the winding in one thousand,DaSong dynasty in Chinese history, abandoned, for the first time"Land equalization policy",In ancient China economy finally also reached a peak in the song dynasty.The new 'evolution,Gain and loss geometry?

　　财富的力量是无穷的——即使只是名义上的财富，持有这种货币的人也会在瞬间觉得自己成了富人，这在经济学上叫作“货币幻觉”。虽然幻觉终究是要破灭的，但在幻觉没破灭之前，感觉还是很好的。

The power of wealth is the wealth of infinite - even if only in name,Those who hold this currency will feel became rich in a flash,It called on economics"Money illusion".Although illusion is to eventually burst,But I can't before burst in illusion,Feeling is very good.

　　历代史籍对安禄山极尽辱骂之事，说此人不过是一个肥胖、矮小、目不识丁的野蛮人（胡人），通过小丑伎俩取得了杨贵妃的信任，又通过杨贵妃迷惑了唐玄宗，然后掌握军权。结果，野心勃勃的安禄山骗过了无能的杨国忠，于天宝十四年谋反，一举击溃了大唐帝国……

Dynasties history of troops stationed of abuse,Say the person is a fat/small/Illiterate savages(Conference semifinals),Through the clown tricks won trust the records,Confused by Yang li,Then the master power.As a result,Lied to the incompetent Yang Guozhong ambitious troops stationed,Yu Tianbao rebellion fourteen years,Trounced the datang empire...

　　以上说法，纯属虚构，如有雷同，史籍杜撰！

More than that,It is a fiction thatapps,If you have the same,Through the invention!

　　—个“坏的市场” - a"Bad market"

　　魔道相争胜者谁，从汉代的吕雉到唐朝的李隆基，历代帝王的梦想都是实现“耕者有其田”，然而，巍巍而立的大唐帝国终究还是未能破解西汉帝国留下的魔咒，东篱南山的田园梦想在封建官僚毫无节制的掠夺下不断幻灭。

The tao who strive for the winner,Li Longji from lu pheasants of han dynasty to the tang dynasty,All previous dynasties imperial dreams are realized"Cultivator has its field",however,Wei and stand of datang empire eventually failed to crack the western han dynasty left a curse,DongLi nan shan's idyllic dream in the feudal bureaucratic under disillusionment continuously without restraint.

　　与西汉帝国一样，大唐帝国也采用了“皇权—封建官僚—小农”的社会组织框架。在这个框架中，皇权是小农最后的庇护，也是“耕者有其田”最坚定的推动者，只有出现万千“耕织结合”的小农家庭，帝国才能拥有最坚实的统治基础。

As the western han dynasty imperial,Datang empire is adopted"- the feudal bureaucrats - small imperial power"Social organization framework.In this framework,Imperial power is small farmers last refuge,Is also a"Cultivator has its field"The strongest enabler,Only in ten thousand"Plow weave in combination with"The small-scale peasant household,Control to have the most solid foundation.

　　问题就在于“皇权”与“小农”的中间环节。西汉以来的所有王朝都证明了一个道理：一旦皇权放松对封建官僚的控制，封建官僚便会寻找一切机会兼并土地，瞬间吸干帝国财富。

The problem is"Imperial power"With the"Small farmers"In the middle of the link.All since the western han dynasty proved a truth:Once the relaxation of the feudal imperial power of bureaucratic control,The feudal bureaucrats will look for every chance to annexation of land,Instant wealth blot empire.

　　盗亦有道，封建官僚抢钱必然有一定之规。除了胡人入主中原的元朝，最有权势的封建官僚都不可能在光天化日之下无故抢夺别人的财富。要想抢夺财富，封建官僚就必须找到一种合法的方式。

There is honor among thieves,The feudal bureaucratic rob money must have pat answers.In addition to the conference semifinals in the central plains of the yuan dynasty,Most powerful feudal bureaucracy is likely to have plundered the wealth of others in broad daylight.Want to plunder of wealth,The feudal bureaucrats will have to find a legal way.

　　在“坏的市场”中，必然存在一个强势群体，这个群体有可能掌握绝大多数社会资源，也有可能具备调动绝大多数社会资源的潜能，正因为如此，强势群体可以忽略一切必要的规则，也可以在交易中不遵守任何承诺。既然其他社会成员无法避免与强势群体交易（资源大多在强势群体手中），就一定会在交易中被剥夺，从而整个市场变得缺乏效率。

In the"Bad market"In the,There must be a strong group,This group could control the vast majority of social resources,May also have to mobilize the majority of the potential of social resources,Because of this,Strong group can ignore all the necessary rules,Also can not abide by any promise in trading.Since the other deal with the powerful members of society is inevitable(Resources are mostly in the hands of powerful groups),Will be deprived in the deal,Thus the whole markets become less efficient.

　　中国封建社会在很大程度上也具备“坏的市场”的特征。与周朝、晋朝、三国、南北朝相比，西汉、唐朝都建立了高度集权的封建社会，帝国调动资源的能力是之前其他朝代无可比拟的。正是利用这种调度资源的能力，封建官僚才获得了社会经济生活的支配权。在这种权力之下，天下无不可为之事，无不可夺之财。

With China's feudal society to a large extent"Bad market"The characteristics of the.To the zhou dynasty/Jin dynasty/In The Three Kingdoms/Compared to the southern and northern dynasties,The western han dynasty/The tang dynasty is the establishment of a highly centralized feudal society,The empire's ability to mobilize resources before other dynasties is incomparable.Ability to use the scheduling resources,The feudal bureaucrats to obtain the power of social and economic life.Under this kind of power,The world without what he is impossible to perform,Not money.

　　用土地市场重新分配财富 With the land market to redistribute wealth

　　在农耕社会，土地无疑是最重要的生产资料，也是最有效的财富象征。正是看到了这一点，唐玄宗才颁布了史上最为严厉的土地买卖禁令——“开元限购令”：无论何种原因，任何人都不准买卖天下土地！只有禁绝了土地交易，才能彻底斩断封建官僚蚕食农人财富的根基。

In agricultural society,Land is the most important means of production,Which is the most effective wealth symbol.It is to see it,Tang dynasty was enacted in the history of the most severe land trade ban --"Kaiyuan restrictions on":Whatever the reason,Anyone are not allowed to buy and sell land under heaven!Only to calls land deals,To completely cut off the foundation of feudal bureaucratic eating into farmers wealth.

　　这道土地买卖禁令奠定了帝国未来几十年的繁荣基础，在强势皇权面前，封建官僚即使再有势力，也无法明目张胆地通过土地兼并蚕食民间财富。然而，在“皇权—封建官僚—小农”的社会框架下，监督之制是一条单行线，皇帝一人又怎么可能看住天下封建官僚？

This ban on land sales to lay the foundation for the prosperity of empire in the coming decades,In front of the strong imperial power,The feudal bureaucratic even more power,Can't blatant through land acquisition encroach on private wealth.however,In the"- the feudal bureaucrats - small imperial power"Under the framework of society,Supervision system of a one-way street,The emperor a feudal bureaucratic world person how can see live?

　　晚年，天纵英才的唐玄宗陶醉于自己缔造的盛世，也逐渐放松了对封建官僚的警惕。秉政二十多年的铁腕宰相李林甫更是给了唐玄宗一种幻觉，实际上，并不是每一位宰相都能像李林甫一样出身于贵族世家，更不是每一个人都能像李林甫一样能在所有政治势力之间纵横捭阖。

In his later years,Days longitudinal intoxicated in his outstanding ability of tang dynasty creates prosperity,Also gradually relax the vigilance of feudal bureaucratic.Government iron prime minister Li Linfu is of more than twenty years to the tang dynasty an illusion,In fact,Not every a prime minister can like Li Linfu was born of a noble family,Not everyone can be like Li Linfu can shifting alliances between all the political forces.

　　李林甫死后，杨国忠这个寒门出身的宰相终于找到了机会，他毫不犹豫地放开了“开元限购令”，在土地市场上重新拿到了财富分配的利刃。从放开“开元限购令”的那一刻开始，情况便失控了：在不足十年的时间里，全帝国境内40%以上的人都变成了毫无土地的流民。数代大唐帝王的积累毁于一旦！

After the death of Li Linfu,Yang Guozhong the prime minister of the rose was born finally found the chance,He opened up without hesitation"Kaiyuan restrictions on",To get the distribution of wealth in the land market a sword.From the opening"Kaiyuan restrictions on"That moment,Things out of control:In less than a decade,Within the territory of more than 40% of the whole empire became refugees who were no land.The accumulation of generations of datang emperor!

　　“均田制”的魔咒 "Land equalization policy"The curse of

　　杨国忠聚敛了财富，却无法收敛自己的贪婪之心，为了保住自己的相位，他不断以弱智的手法打击、挑衅、诬陷边镇节度使，尤其是安禄山。最终，安禄山率领帝国最精锐的部队反叛，说到底，安史之乱不过是封建官僚间的财富之争变成兵戎相见。

Yang Guozhong amassing wealth,But can't convergence own greed,In order to keep their phase,He constantly like retarded in blow/provocation/Framed our side of town,Especially the troops stationed.In the end,Rebel troops stationed led the empire's elite troops,At the end of the day,An lushan is wealth struggle between the feudal bureaucrats to declare war against each other.

　　安史之乱使唐帝国彻底丧失了权威，“均田制”的皇权基础也就随之崩溃了。为挽救帝国于危亡之际，杨炎开始推行两税法，试图向大土地所有者收税，进而实现均贫富的梦想。

An lushan tang empire completely loses its authority,"Land equalization policy"Foundation of imperial power would collapse.To save the empire from ruin,Introduced Yang Yan two tax law,Trying to big landowners tax,To realize the dream of both rich and poor.

　　然而，大土地所有者本身就是封建官僚，他们的财富本就不是来自公平竞争的市场，又怎么可能依靠这些人自己剥夺自己的财富？杨炎的改革根本就不具备最基本的社会条件。

however,Big landowners itself is feudal bureaucrat,Their wealth is not from fair competition in the market,How can depend on these people deprived of their own wealth?Yang Yan reform doesn't have the most basic social conditions.

　　封建官僚的疯狂掠夺最终使唐朝社会失去了最基本的秩序。唐僖宗乾符二年（公元875年），王仙芝、黄巢发动了唐末农民大起义，公元904年唐昭宗为宣武节度使朱温所杀，907年唐哀帝禅位给朱全忠（朱温后被赐名“全忠”，真是一个天大的讽刺）。

Crazy plunder of feudal bureaucratic culminated in the tang dynasty had lost the most basic social order.Tang Xizong operator for two years(In 875 A.D.),Wang Xianzhi/Huang Chao launched the tang dynasty peasant uprising,In 904 A.D. Tang Zhaozong for xuanwu our Zhu Wen slay,Don cry of emperor 907 zen to Zhu Quanzhong(Zhu Wen was after the given name"All the sincerity",Is a great irony).

　　大唐帝国，一个历时三百年的王朝崩溃了。大唐帝国撤销了羁绊商旅的“关津”，通过“检田括户”对土地兼并进行了严苛的限制，终于缔造了“开元之治”，巍巍而立。然而，唐朝官府对铸币缺乏必要的经济激励，也未能有效管理私铸货币，货币流通始终受到“钱荒”困扰，唐朝一代经济运行始终未能走出东篱南山的小农田园，难以达到华夏历史的巅峰。

Datang empire,A three hundred years of dynastic collapse.Datang empire withdrew the fetter of business travel"GuanJin",Through the"Test field around the door"Land acquisition for the stringent restrictions,Finally produced"Kaiyuan reign of",Wei and stand.however,Tang dynasty, the rulers of COINS lack of economic incentives,Also failed to effectively manage private money,The currency always been"Money shortage"troubled,Generation of economic operation has not been out of the tang dynasty DongLi nanshan rural smallholders,Difficult to reach the peak of the history of an ancient name for China.

　　从汉代的吕雉到唐朝的李隆基，历代帝王的梦想都是实现“耕者有其田”，然而，巍巍而立的大唐帝国终究还是未能破解西汉帝国留下的魔咒，东篱南山的田园梦想在封建官僚毫无节制的掠夺下幻灭。

Li Longji from lu pheasants of han dynasty to the tang dynasty,All previous dynasties imperial dreams are realized"Cultivator has its field",however,Wei and stand of datang empire eventually failed to crack the western han dynasty left a curse,DongLi nan shan's idyllic dream in the feudal bureaucratic without restraint under the disillusioned.

　　为了破解这个缠绕千年的魔咒，大宋王朝在中国历史上第一次废弃了“均田制”，中国古代经济终于也在宋代达到了巅峰。新的盛衰嬗变中，得失几何？ （摘自《中国是部金融史》，作者为陈雨露、杨忠恕，内容有删减，标题及文中小标题为编者加，北京联合出版公司出版，艾经纬整理）

In order to break the spell of the winding in one thousand,DaSong dynasty in Chinese history, abandoned, for the first time"Land equalization policy",In ancient China economy finally also reached a peak in the song dynasty.The new 'evolution,Gain and loss geometry? (from[China is the ministry of finance],The author for the rain Chen/Yang Zhongshu,Have a cut,The title and the headings for the editor,Beijing union publishing companies,YiJingWei finishing)