观察世界各国金融CBD的发展不难发现，无论是在"集群"下发展壮大，还是借"迁徙"之机一蹴而就，抑或在政府引导下从无到有，发展的脉络总是有迹可循，而这也在为迅速成长的新兴CBD提供着某些思路与借鉴。

Observe the development of world financial CBD is not hard to find,Whether in the"The cluster"Under development,Borrow or"migration"The machine of overnight,Or from scratch under government's guidance,The development of context always has a track record,And this also is in rapid growth for emerging CBD provide some ideas and reference.

　　“一平方英里”的集群效应 "A square mile"的The clusterEffect of

　　在泰晤士河北岸，有一片以伦巴第街和针线街为界的狭小区域，有着古典与现代的融合，历史与创新的并行，伦敦人习惯称之为“一平方英里”(the square mile)虽然面积仅为1.4平方英里，却被誉为英国的经济中心、与华尔街齐名的世界三大金融中心之一的全球经济动力之都。

In the north of the river Thames,One piece in Lombard street and threadneedle street for small area,A fusion of classical and modern,History and innovation in parallel,People used to call it in London"A square mile"(The square mile)Although the area of only 1.4 square miles,But was regarded as the economic center/With Wall Street along one of the three financial centers in the world of global economic power.

　　它就是伦敦金融城，尽管只是伦敦市33个行政区中最小的一个，却有自己的市政府、市长、法庭，是伦敦市名副其实的“城中城”，同时也是行政区中最古老的一个。观察其发展历史不难发现，这里的繁荣始于集群效应。

It is the city of London,Though only the city of London in a minimum of 33 administrative region,But have their own government/The mayor/The court,Is worthy of the name in the city of London"City within",At the same time is also the oldest one in the region.Observe its development history is not hard to find,这里的繁荣始于The clusterEffect of.

　　起初，这里只是商人们聚在一起喝咖啡、谈生意的地方。而后，海上运输业和保险业在此发展。随着英国建立起商业“日不落帝国”，这里渐渐成为金融业的聚集地，并最终演变成为世界金融中心。

At first,,Here is the merchants together to drink coffee/Talk about business.And then,Maritime transport and insurance industry in the development.As the British established business"Day not fall empire",Here is becoming a financial hub,And eventually evolved into the world financial center.

　　如今，这里汇聚了几乎所有主要国际银行和金融机构的办事处、分支机构或总部，并成为世界上最大的国际银行贷款来源之一，有数十万专业人士在此工作，其中超过40%的员工受雇于外国机构，使用的语言超过三百种。当然，成为国际性的金融中心需要很多必要条件，并且随着市场的变化也要不断调整经营管理策略和开发建设方向，但对于伦敦金融城来说，将集聚效应发挥得淋漓尽致无疑是其永葆魅力的源泉。

now,Here brought together nearly all the major international Banks and financial institutions of the office/Branch offices or headquarters,And become one of the world's biggest source of international bank loans,Hundreds of thousands of professionals in this work,More than 40% of employees employed by foreign institutions,Use of more than three hundred languages.Of course,,Become an international financial center requires a lot of necessary conditions,and随着市场的变化也要不断调整经营管理策略和开发建设方向,But for the city of London,将集聚Effect of发挥得淋漓尽致无疑是其永葆魅力的源泉.

　　主流观点认为，开放的竞争和恰当的监管为金融机构集聚提供了重要基础。伦敦政治经济学院教授库迪斯·古迪森教授曾指出，竞争是促进繁荣的硬道理。正是因为破除了竞争壁垒，伦敦才吸引了世界各地大量极具竞争力的人才和资本。据了解，与其他国际金融中心相比，伦敦金融城的开放度是最高的，并始终遵循“重原则，不重规则”的监管模式，而这种高度的自由化和开放的市场环境更加释放了市场潜力，持续吸引着跨国公司和金融机构。

The mainstream view is that,Open competition and the regulation of the appropriate cluster provides an important basis for financial institutions.London school of economics, professor koudijs goodison, professor, has pointed out,Competition is to promote prosperity.It is because of breaking down the barriers to competition,London was attracted a large number of competitive talent and capital from all over the world.We have learned,Compared with other international financial center,The openness of the city of London is the supreme,And always follow"Principle of heavy,Not the rule"The regulatory model,And the high degree of liberalization and open market environment more released the market potential,Continue to attract multinational companies and financial institutions.

　　当然，伦敦金融城在发展过程中也曾面临多次转折，例如第一次世界大战结束了维多利亚时代的全球扩张；1963年，美国政府对购买外国证券的行为征税；1986年去监管化的大变革；1999年，欧洲央行宣布将落户法兰克福以及欧元的诞生等等。而现在，问题更为棘手，“就目前情况来看，如果英国退出欧盟，伦敦金融城可能会遭殃，而如果不退出欧盟，灾祸可能还会来得更早。”黑石集团高管在近期的撰文中认为。

Of course,,In the development process of the city of London also faced many times turn,For example, the first world war ended the global expansion of Victorian age;In 1963,,The government tax on the behavior of the purchase of foreign securities;Deregulation of the big change in 1986;In 1999,,The European central bank announced it would settle in Frankfurt and the birth of the euro, and so on.And now,More difficult problem,"就At present情况来看,If the British withdrawal from the eu,The city of London is likely to suffer,And if not withdrawal from the eu,Disaster is likely to come more early."Blackstone's executives in a recent article.

　　幸运的是，伦敦早已未雨绸缪，将目光转向新的领域布局“人民币业务中心计划”。有统计显示：2012年前6个月，伦敦的人民币产品和服务增长迅猛，贸易服务增长了390%，信用证增长为20倍，进出口融资增长了19%；在外汇交易方面，人民币可交割外汇产品的日均交易额总计增长了150%，人民币即期外汇产品增长了150%，日均交易额达17亿美元。

As luck would have it,London has been away for a rainy day,Turning to the new area layout"Yuan business center plan".There are statistics show that:2012 years ago for 6 months,London's renminbi products and services is growing rapidly,Trade in services grew by 390%,Credit growth as 20 times,Import and export financing has increased by 19%;In terms of foreign exchange,Product delivery of foreign currency RMB can average daily turnover increased by 150% in total,The renminbi spot exchange products increased by 150%,Average daily trading volume of $1.7 billion.

　　值得一提的是，与以往面临的多次转折相同，伦敦金融城总是能让集聚效应在历史传承与创新转型之中得以延续，并收获良多在最新一期“全球金融中心指数”排名中，伦敦力压纽约，成功卫冕了全球最重要金融中心宝座。

It is worth mentioning,Instead of facing the same twist many times,伦敦金融城总是能让集聚Effect of在历史传承与创新转型之中得以延续,And fruitful in the latest issue"The global financial centres index"The rankings,Press, New York, London force,Successfully defending the world's most important financial center.

　　副都心 迁徙成就辉煌 Deputy heart migration to greatness

　　谈及日本的CBD，或许大部分人首先想到的是银座，毕竟作为东京最重要的代表性地区，同时也是日本最大、最繁荣的街区，银座从来是与香榭丽舍和第五大道齐名。

Referring to Japan's CBD,Perhaps most people first think of the silver,As Tokyo, after all, the most important representative areas,At the same time also is Japan's largest/The most prosperous blocks,Ginza is always along with champs elysees and fifth avenue.

　　但也正是因为城市机能过于集中，从20世纪60年代开始，日本政府决定将位于银座以西约6km处的新宿地区建成为综合性副都心。随着迁徙的深度和广度逐渐扩大，新宿CBD成为日本规模最大、现代化产业集聚程度最高的地区。

But also it is because the function of urban concentration,Since the 1960 s,The Japanese government decided to is located in the shinjuku area of about 6 km west of ginza built into comprehensive deputy all heart.As the depth and breadth of gradually expanding,Shinjuku became Japan's largest CBD/Modern industrial concentration degree of the highest.

　　可以说，新宿CBD的辉煌源自“迁徙”。

Can say,Shinjuku CBD's glory comes from"migration".

　　在成为副都心以前，新宿在消费、娱乐等行业已经显现出一定的吸引力。进入20世纪50年代，由于东京原都心中央商务CBD的中心三区已不能适应形势发展的需要，政府机关、大公司总部、全国性经济管理机构和商业服务设施等高度集中。为了缓解中心区的压力，同时结合周边地区的发展，日本决定“迁徙”，首先从新宿地区着手。

Before become vice all heart,Shinjuku in consumption/Entertainment industry has displayed a certain appeal.In the 1950 s,Due to the heart of the CBD central business center Tokyo the original three already can not adapt to the needs of the development of situation,The government authority/Corporate headquarters/National economic management agencies and commercial service facilities such as highly concentrated.In order to alleviate the pressure of central district,At the same time, combining with the development of surrounding areas,Japan's decision to"migration",The shinjuku area first begin.

　　经过数十年的发展，截至目前，经济、行

After decades of development,截至At present,The economy/line