吴学安

WuXueAn

　　成品油定价机制改革的条件已经越来越成熟，改革方案有望择机推出，这一方案将缩短现有的调价周期。专家认为，缩短周期对控制消费者物价指数?穴CPI?雪过快上涨将有明显成效。现行的成品油价格形成机制是，当国际市场原油价格连续22个工作日移动平均价格变化超过4%时，可相应调整国内成品油价格。知情人士表示，现行价格机制推行以来，保证了成品油市场正常供应。但是在运行过程中，也暴露出调价周期过长、透明度不够等问题。（《上海金融报》10月9日）

Refined oil pricing mechanism reform conditions has been more and more mature,The reform plan is expected to launch,This program will shorten the existing price adjustment period.Experts say,Shorten the cycle to control the consumer price index?Hole CPI?Snow too fast rise will have obvious effect.The current product oil price forming mechanism is,When the international market price of crude oil continuous 22 days moving average price changes more than 4%,The domestic refined oil prices may be adjusted.People familiar with the matter say,Since the implementation of the current price mechanism,To ensure the normal supply of refined oil market.But in the operation process,Also exposed price adjustment period is too long/Problems such as transparency is not enough.([Shanghai financial report]On October 9,)

　　自去年上半年以来，关于成品油定价机制进一步改革的呼声不绝于耳。随着近期国际油价下挫，改革时机再度浮出。事实上，上一轮成品油定价机制改革就是在2008年金融危机爆发、国际油价暴跌的背景下火线推出的。现在，消费者诟病较多的是价格调整的长周期以及“4%”的门槛。比如“4%”的门槛，按照现行的成品油定价机制，由于上涨达到4%比的是低值，而下跌要达到4%则比的是高值，客观上导致上涨容易，下跌较难。

Since the first half since last year,Refined oil pricing mechanism about further reform is hugely unpopular.With the recent collapse in international oil prices,Reform time to come again.In fact,Last round of refined oil pricing mechanism reform is in the 2008 financial crisis/International oil prices collapsed under the background of the fire out.now,For consumers more is the price adjustment and the long period"4%"threshold.For example"4%"threshold,According to the current refined oil pricing mechanism,Due to rise 4% ratio is low,And falling to 4% ratio is high value,Objective to lead to rise,Fell more difficult.

　　因此，有必要进一步完善现行的成品油价格机制。 随着国内原油对外依存度不断提高，石油消费持续高速增长，使保障国内石油稳定供应的压力日益加大。受伊朗核危机等因素影响，近期国际市场油价居高不下。为缓解国内石油供应压力，按照国内现行的成品油价格形成机制，适时适度提高国内成品油价格，也未尝不可。但现在问题是，政府价格主管部门在决定提高成品油价格时，也要充分考虑到国内石油行业缺乏竞争机制的实际情况，着力提升成品油价格形成机制透明度，事先征求社会各界的意见，在听取民意基础上进行一些科学论证。

therefore,It is necessary to further improve the current oil price mechanism. Along with the domestic crude oil external dependence continuously improve,Oil consumption sustainable growth,To ensure the steady supply of oil pressure rising.By the impact of factors such as the Iranian nuclear crisis,The recent international market oil prices high.In order to alleviate the domestic supply of oil pressure,According to the current domestic refined oil price formation mechanism,Timely moderately increasing domestic prices of refined petroleum products,Also have not cannot.But now the problem is,Government price departments in the decision to raise the prices of refined petroleum products,Also should fully consider the domestic oil industry of the actual situation of lack of competitive mechanism,To improve the transparency of refined oil price formation mechanism,Solicited in advance from the views of the community,Listens to the public opinion based on some scientific proof.

　　对于中国这样的石油消费大国，靠国家大量财政补贴维持低油价是不现实的，但超出社会容忍度的涨价无论对经济还是对社会稳定都有风险。“两桶油”作为中国石油(601857,股吧)产业“巨无霸”，垄断性极强，它们同政府几乎是形象绑定的关系。现在社会公众对它们的不满情绪，无疑会有很大一部分转移到政府身上。现在问题是，高油价制造的通货膨胀的压力，几乎是和高粮价旗鼓相当的。且粮食等农产品看涨看跌，自己是决定不了自己的命运的，而石油产品就不一样了，首先它不但是重要的工业原料和生产资料，且还是一种至关重要的战略物资，所以价格涨跌不是供需关系所决定的，尤为关键的是控制石油的不是一般的企业。不管是中石油还是中石化，头顶都有明显的国字号桂冠。不一般的企业控制的不一般的产品，价格涨跌自然就有了不一般的规律，或许，油价涨多跌少也成就了“油坚挺”的美誉。

For such Chinese oil consumption power,A large number of by the state financial subsidies to maintain low oil prices is not realistic,But beyond the social tolerance rise in price no matter for economic or social stability have risk."Two barrels of oil"As China's oil(601857,guba)industry"Big MAC",Monopolistic strong,They with government is almost image binding relationship.Now the social public to their discontent,No doubt there will be a big part of transfer to the government body.Now the problem is,High oil prices manufacturing inflationary pressure,Is almost and high food prices grudge.And grain and other agricultural products bullish bearish,He is can't decide their own destiny,And petroleum products is not the same,First of all it is not only an important industrial raw material and production material,And is still a very important strategic materials,So prices go up drop not supply and demand relationship of decision,Especially the key is to control the oil is not the general enterprise.No matter in oil or sinopec,The head has obvious GuoZiHao crown.Not the general enterprise control not general products,The price rise and drop natural have no general rule,perhaps,Oil prices rose more fell less also accomplished"Oil firm"reputation.

　　中国的油价原本是经济问题，现在已经逐渐掺入了大量阶层性利益情绪，包括部分政治情绪。为化解这个问题，如果只从经济层面向公众解释，大概不会有效果。因此，在这个油价不断攀升的时代，政府必须让社会公众相信，他们所消费的汽油，确实是最便宜的“良心价”，政府理应从这个价格中，拧掉与公共利益无关的所有“私利”。

China's oil prices was economic problems,Now has gradually mixed with a large number of class sexual interest mood,Including part of the political mood.To resolve this problem,If only from the economic level to explain to the public,Probably won't have the effect.therefore,In this era of rising oil prices,The government must let the social public believe that,Their consumption of petrol,It is the cheapest"Conscience price",The government ought to from this price,Twist off and public interests all have nothing to do"self-interest".

　　毋庸讳言，从长远看，能不能处理好成品油价格不断涨价，实现它的平稳态势，这是对中国经济和社会的综合考量。虽说，与国际市场原油价格的市场化相比，目前国内成品油价格调整已与之挂钩，但不等于国内成品油价格的形成也已经市场化了。因为与竞争充分的国际市场原油价格相比，国内石油市场的垄断大鳄，必定会出于自身利益而利用其垄断市场地位与话语权，对国内成品油价格形成机制的市场化作出反抗。对此，此前在国内市场屡屡上演的“油荒”早已有力地证明了这种“不市场”事实的存在。

Needless to say,In the long run,Can deal with rising food prices of refined petroleum products,To realize its stable situation,This is China's economic and social comprehensive considerations.although,With the international market price of crude oil than market,At present domestic refined oil price adjustment has the hook,But do not be equal to the formation of the domestic refined oil prices also have the market.Because and competition of the international market price of crude oil fully compared,Domestic oil market monopoly big alligator,Will be out of their own interests and use its monopoly market status and discourse right,On domestic product oil price forming mechanism of the market make revolt.this,After repeatedly in the domestic market closet"Oil shortage"Had powerful proof this"Don't market"The existence of facts.

　　因此，中国油价的形成机制要适应社会经济发展必须进行调整，既要让油价从确保油企一定的盈利规模，转向用它平衡全社会的利益，更要增加透明度，让油价形成机制得到大多数社会公众的认可和授权。如此才能解除油价不断上涨对社会稳定的潜在威胁。

therefore,The formation mechanism of China's oil prices to adapt to social and economic development must be adjusted,Should let oil prices from ensure oil enterprises must profit scale,To use it balance in the interest of the whole society,More to increase transparency,Let the oil price formation mechanism to get most of the social public recognition and authorization.So will lift the oil price unceasingly rose to social stability of the potential threat.

　　（由本报记者付常银整理）

(By our reporter ChangYin pay finishing)