全世界勘探开发低品位油气资源比较成功的仅有中国和美国。

The world exploration and development of low grade oil and gas resources is successful only China and the United States.

　　众所周知，中国石油(601857,股吧)顶层战略设计，一是资源战略，二是市场战略，三是国际化战略。这三大战略作为中国石油顶层战略设计，其智慧和含金量已经得到成长性实践成果的验证，充分说明顶层战略设计的前瞻性和正确性。

As is known to all,China petroleum(601857,guba)Top strategy design,One is the resource strategy,The second is marketing strategy,The third is internationalization strategy.The three strategic as China petroleum top strategy design,The wisdom and gold content has been growth practice verification of results,Shows top strategic design prospective and correctness.

　　最大限度地获取地下油气资源，是资源战略的本质。从深层次讲，能源公司把获取油气资源作为第一战略，如同解放初期农民获得土地一样重要，所以说油气资源是能源公司生存的基础，是重中之重，是“一把手”工程。提出“储量增长高峰期工程”，可能就是这个原因。

Maximum limit for underground oil and gas resources,Is the essence of strategic resources.From the deep speak,Energy company for oil and gas resources as the first strategy,As the early liberation is as important as the farmers from the land,So oil and gas resources is energy company's survival,Is the top priority,is"a"engineering.Put forward"Reserves growth peak engineering",It is perhaps for this reason.

　　中国连续六年油气储量快速增长，一再刷新储量增长纪录，特别是重大发现的启示，勘探成功案例的启发，勘探经验的介绍，勘探专家的点评，使人们深深感到中国油气资源勘探的认识、思路、理念、理论、战略、战术和勘探对象均发生了质的变化，出现了质的飞跃。

China's continuous six years of rapid growth of oil and gas reserves,Repeatedly reload reserves growth record,Especially important discoveries enlightenment,Exploration success stories inspiration,The introduction of experience in exploration,Prospecting expert comment on,Make people have deeply felt that China's oil and gas resources exploration and understanding/ideas/concept/theory/strategy/Tactics and exploration object produced a qualitative change,In a qualitative leap.

　　如果说这些变化是中国百年来油气勘探厚积薄发的结果，倒不如说是勘探家面对资源现实企足而待的自然结局。具体讲建筑在窗体顶端的顶层战略设计，使中国油气资源勘探理念发生了飞跃式的突变，是真正意义上对传统油气勘探理念醍醐灌顶式的挑战和冲击。

If these changes are one hundred years of Chinese oil and gas exploration and the whole results,But rather a home in the face of reality QiZuErDai resources exploration of the natural end.Specific tell building in form the top of the top strategy design,China's oil and gas resources prospecting idea occurred the skip-type mutation,Is a real meaning to the traditional concept of the oil and gas exploration be enlightened type challenges and impact.

　　突破评估勘测

Breakthrough evaluation survey

　　油气勘探的第一道程序，是对油气勘探对象进行评估。过去勘探的对象一般集中对局部圈闭进行评估，评估的基本依据，看是否存在“生储盖”的条件，假若存在就可进行油气勘探，反之亦然。近年中国油气勘探实践告诉我们，有些已发现并开发的致密（低渗透）天然气气藏，并没有明显自然边界，更没有什么圈闭构造可言，最多是岩性“致密带”阻隔，用邱中健院士的话讲“岩性油气藏一般是有边界的，如果找不到边界，就可能是深盆气，而不是岩性油气藏”。目前，虽然对此类油气藏形成的机理还说不清，但毕竟是事实，而且存在丰富的天然气。我国鄂尔多斯(600295,股吧)、塔里木、四川、吐哈等盆地均有这类油气储层和油气资源的存在。

Oil and gas exploration, the first program,Is to evaluate the oil and gas exploration object.The past exploration object generally focused on the local trap evaluation,The fundamental basis for evaluation,To see whether there is"Born storage cover"conditions,If there can be carried out on oil and gas exploration,And vice versa.In recent years, China's oil and gas exploration practice tell us,Some have found and the density of development(Low permeability)Gas reservoir,There is no obvious natural boundary,There is no trap structure in,Lithology is the most"Dense zone"block,With the high of the words"Lithologic reservoir is generally have boundaries,If can't find boundary,May be deep basin gas,Instead of lithologic reservoir".At present,Although this kind of reservoir for the mechanism of formation of the could not,But after all is the truth,And there are abundant natural gas.Our country ordos(600295,guba)/tarim/sichuan/Such as the turpan-hami basin are this kind of oil and gas reservoir and the presence of oil and gas resources.

　　过去，传统的经典勘探理论是寻找构造油气藏（人们常说的常规油气藏），这种油气藏是纯粹的构造圈闭，找到“圈闭构造”，就等于找到了油气。后来，找油理论出现了认识上的飞跃，从寻找构造油气藏，发展到寻找岩性油气藏或岩性构造油气藏，此类油气藏通常称之为隐蔽性致密油气藏或低渗透油气藏，其特点是“岩性圈闭”或“滞留带”阻隔，属于非常规油气资源。现在，找油理论又出现了认识上新的飞跃，即寻找非常规连续型油气藏，此类油气藏一般“无圈闭”或“圈闭不明显”（邹才能教授观点），也属于典型的非常规油气资源。目前，热门话题是致密砂岩气开发突破，页岩气革命就是指的此类油气资源。我国鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地广泛分布着丰富的致密砂岩气，南方海相碳酸盐地层也有着丰富的页岩气，特别是川、滇、黔等地区可能是最有利于分布页岩气的地区。最近川南中国石油钻探的一口页岩气探井初始日产量就超过1万立方米。

In the past,The traditional classic exploration theory is looking for structural reservoirs(People often say that the conventional reservoir),This reservoir is pure structural trap,find"Trap structure",Is to find the oil and gas.later,Looking for oil theory appeared on the understanding of the leap,From looking for structural reservoirs,To search for lithologic reservoir or lithology structure reservoirs,This kind of reservoir is usually referred to as concealment or dense reservoirs of low permeability reservoirs,Its characteristic is"Lithologic trap"or"Detention zone"block,Belong to the unconventional oil and gas resources.now,Looking for oil theory appeared again know the new leap,That is looking for unconventional continuous reservoir,Such reservoirs generally"No trap"or"Trap is not obvious"(Professor zou to view),Also belong to the typical unconventional oil and gas resources.At present,Hot topic is tight sandstone gas breakthrough development,Shale gas revolution means of these oil and gas resources.Ordos basin in China/Widely distributed in sichuan basin, rich in tight sandstone gas,Southern Marine carbonate formation also has a variety of shale gas,Especially in sichuan/yunnan/Guizhou and other regions may be the most conducive to shale gas distribution areas.Recently the basis of China's oil drilling a shale gas test initial daily output is more than 10000 cubic meters.

　　实现品位跨越

Achieve grade crossing

　　如果说上世纪90年代中期，中国的油气勘探专家是以寻找高、中品位油气资源为首选目标的话，那么90年代后期随着鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田开发实践的成功，中国油气勘探进入了一个全新时期，即在寻找高、中品位油气资源的同时，开始大规模寻找低品位油气资源的新时期。这是中国油气资源勘探的一个重大的变化，虽然人们没有大书特书这个变化的意义，但是目前中国找到的石油资源70%多、天然气资源90%多是低品位油气资源。这一事实从根本上说明了这样一个问题。而且这一现象从全球油气资源勘探而言都是一种大趋势。现在全世界在勘探开发低品位油气资源方面做得比较成功的仅有中国和美国等为数不多的几个国家。

If the mid 1990 s,China's oil and gas exploration experts is looking for high/Oil and gas resources in the grade for the first target words,So 90 s with the ordos basin ansai oilfield development practice's success,China's oil and gas exploration has entered a new period,Is looking for high/In grade oil and gas resources at the same time,Start a large-scale looking for low grade oil and gas resources in the new period.This is China's oil and gas resources exploration of a significant change,Although people don't have to write home about the meaning of this change,But now China find oil resources more than 70%/More than 90% of natural gas resources is low grade oil and gas resources.The fact that fundamentally such a problem.And this phenomenon from the global oil and gas resources exploration is always a big trend.Now the world in the exploration and development of low grade oil and gas resources is successful only China and the United States a few countries.

　　聚焦非常规油气

Focusing unconventional oil and gas

　　按勘探开发研究院邹才能的话讲，常规油气资源只占油气总资源的20%，而非常规油气资源占油气总资源的80%，大多数非常规油气资源还没有被人们充分认识和发现。

According to the exploration and development research institute zou to words,Conventional oil and gas resources account for only 20% of the total oil and gas resources,And unconventional oil and gas resources accounted for 80% of the total oil and gas resources,Most unconventional oil and gas resources have not been fully understand and find.

　　所谓非常规油气资源。主要是指致密砂岩气、油砂矿、油页岩、页岩气、煤层气、可燃冰、无机气等。美国先是开发常规油气资源，产量达到一定高度下降后，又开始开发非常规油气资源。

The so-called unconventional oil and gas resources.Is mainly refers to tight sandstone gas/Oil placer/Oil shale/Shale gas/Coalbed methane (CBM)/Combustible ice/Inorganic gas, etc.The first development of conventional oil and gas resources,Output reaches a certain height after the fall,Began to develop unconventional oil and gas resources.

　　近年来，美国的油气产量又达到了一个新的历史高度，其主要贡献者是非常规油气资源，特别是非常规天然气（致密砂岩气、页岩气）资源的突破，而且一举超过俄罗斯成为世界第一大天然气生产国，不但确保了美国天然气全球霸主地位，而且确保了美国在非常规油气资源勘探开发领域的绝对话语权。

In recent years,America's oil and gas production and reached a new historical height,The main contributors are unconventional oil and gas resources,Especially the unconventional gas(Tight sandstone gas/Shale gas)Resources breakthrough,And every more than Russia as the world's top producer of natural gas,Not only ensure the gas global supremacy,And to ensure that the United States in unconventional oil and gas resources exploration and development in the field of absolute right.

　　美国人用了近30年时间，锲而不舍、连续不间断的技术攻关，终成为这一领域的巨无霸、盟主和规则制定者，美国的经验对我们有很多可以借鉴的地方。

People in the United States for nearly 30 years,perseverance/Continuous uninterrupted technology research,Will become the field of big MAC/Champions and regulators,American experience to we have a lot of places can draw lessons from.

　　中国可以把两步并成一步走，缩短常规油气资源和非常规油气资源勘探开发的距离，同时总结推广鄂尔多斯盆地勘探开发的经验和做法，特别是总结推广安塞油田、苏里格气田勘探开发的经验，以解决中国能源紧缺问题，不失为是一条途径。

China can put two step by step and into,Shorten the conventional oil and gas resources and unconventional oil and gas resources exploration and development of distance,At the same time, summarize and popularize the ordos basin exploration and development experience and practice,Especially the summarize and popularize the ansai oilfield/Sue's gas exploration and development experience,In order to solve the energy shortage problem in China,Can yet be regarded as is a way.

　　突破煤层气禁区

The breakthrough of coalbed methane

　　800米以浅是世界上对煤层气开发的常规认识，800米以深是世界煤层气开发的禁区，主要是因为埋深超过800米以后，煤层物性变差、开发成本变高、难以达到经济产量等。

800 m to shallow is the world of coalbed methane (CBM) development of the conventional understanding,800 m to deep is the development of the coalbed methane (CBM),Mainly because of buried depth of more than 800 meters later,Coal seam physical property variation/Development cost become high/It is difficult to meet the economic output, etc.

　　但是，随着技术的进步，认识的深化，美国已成功的探索了1000米左右的煤层气开发的技术实践。

but,With the development of technology,The further understanding of the,The United States has successful explore the 1000 meters of coalbed methane (CBM) development technology practice.

　　我国煤层埋藏较深，800米以浅煤层气正在进行规模有效开发，800米以深煤层气开发正在进行持续攻关，1000米、1200米深度煤层产气开发在山西也取得了重要的突破，有些井煤层气产量已达到经济产量，最近在1400米以深煤层气井也已经出气。所以说800米以深的煤层气开发禁区已经被打破，1400米深度煤层气勘探开发也见到了好的苗头。

Our country coal buried deep,800 m to shallow coalbed methane (CBM) is effective development scale,800 m to deep CBM development is for continuous research,1000 meters/1200 m depth of coal seam gas development in shanxi has made an important breakthrough,Some CBM production has reached economic output,Recently in 1400 meters of coalbed methane (CBM) well with deep have also been out.So 800 m to deep CBM development area has been broken,1400 m depth CBM exploration and development also met good symptom.

　　假以时日煤层气深层开发可能也指日可待。值得称颂的是中国石油煤层气公司在这方面进行了有意义、有价值的探索。

Over time the deep development of coalbed methane (CBM) may also well-received.Deserves praise is China's oil companies in the coalbed methane (CBM) in meaningful/Valuable exploration.

　　深海油藏

Deep reservoir

　　在世界范围内，中浅海（300米以浅）油气勘探开发已经相当普遍，深海（500~1500米）、超深海（1500米以上）油气资源开发已经取得成功。目前国外深海钻探的最大水深为3095米（2004年底），已开发海上油气田的最大水深为2438米（2009年），海洋管道铺设的最大水深为2202米，目前深海油气勘探开发正在成为世界石油工业的主要增长点和科技创新的制高点。

In the worldwide,In shallow water(300 m to light)Oil and gas exploration and development has been quite common,Deep sea(500 ~ 1500 m)/Ultra deep(More than 1500 meters)Oil and gas resources development has been successful.At present the biggest foreign deep-sea drilling depth of 3095 meters(By the end of 2004),The development of offshore oil and gas fields have the maximum depth of 2438 meters(In 2009,),The largest Marine pipeline depth of 2202 meters,At present deep sea oil and gas exploration and development is becoming the main oil industry growth and innovation of science and technology commanding heights.

　　我国海洋石油工业从最初到1982年中国海洋石油总公司成立以后，海洋油气勘探开发经历了20米、50米、100米水深的发展历程，范围由最初的渤海（平均水深18米）扩大到东海、南海。

China offshore oil industry from the initial to 1982 years after the establishment of the China national offshore oil corporation,Marine oil and gas exploration and development experience for twenty meters/Fifty meters/The development course of water depth of 100 meters,Range from the initial application of the bohai sea(The average water depth and m)Expand to the east China sea/South China sea.

　　目前我国深水钻探的最大深度已达505米，已开发海上油气田的最大水深为333米（流花气田），海洋油气勘探开发正在由中浅海向深海逐步发展。

At present our country deep water drilling greatest depth has reached 505 meters,The development of offshore oil and gas fields have the maximum depth of 333 meters(Liuhua gas field),Marine oil and gas exploration and development is in the shallow to deep sea gradually developed.

　　中国将在未来10年斥巨资开发领海区域油气资源，主要攻关对象就是300米以上的深海。

China will in the future ten years spent heavily territorial sea oil and gas resources development area,The main research object is 300 meters above the sea.

　　目前，中国已在西沙、南沙群岛等海域注册登记了勘探区块的矿权，已经加入到了寻找并开发深海油气资源的行列中。

At present,China has set up a file in the xisha/The nansha islands sea area, such as registration the prospecting of mineral rights,Has been added to search for and develop oil and gas resources in the deep of the procession.

　　就全球范围而言，深海油气勘探开发最热门的地区是巴西海域、墨西哥湾海域、西非尼日利亚海域、澳大利亚西北海域和南中国海域，均是全球油气勘探开发的重点海域，在这些海域我国还需要进一步拓展，以期能够在深海油藏领域成为国际先进国家，为我国新型工业化道路打好能源基础。

In global scope,Deep sea oil and gas exploration and development of the most popular area is Brazil waters/Gulf waters/West Africa Nigeria waters/Australia's north west sea and south China sea,All is the global oil and gas exploration and development of key sea areas,In these waters still need further development in China,In order to deep reservoir areas become international advanced countries,For our country a new road to industrialization good energy basis.