本报记者 王冠 北京报道

Our reporter crown reports from Beijing

　　2013年两会期间，浙江省人大代表、温州中小企业发展促进会会长周德文多次向媒体呼吁“温州金融改革并未取得重大突破，亟待开展利率市场化试点及民间借贷立法”，以期引起高层的注意，继续推动温州金融改革的深化。

During the two sessions in 2013,Zhejiang people's congress/Council for the promotion of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in wenzhou zhou dewen told the media called for many times"Has not made a major breakthrough in the financial reform in wenzhou,Pilot needs to carry out the marketization of interest rates and private lending legislation",In order to attract the attention of top,Continue to deepen financial reform in wenzhou.

　　2012年3月28日，温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，决定设立温州市金融综合改革试验区， “温州金改细则”也于2012年11月23日出台。细则力争从多个维度来引导民间融资规范化，加强地方金融监管和风险防范，推进中小企业金融服务创新，破解民间资本投资难、中小企业融资难等问题。

On March 28, 2012,Premier wen jiabao chaired a state council executive meeting,Decided to set up wenzhou financial comprehensive reform pilot area, "Wenzhou golden rules"Also on November 23, 2012.Detailed rules to guide the folk financing standardization from multiple dimensions,To strengthen local financial regulation and risk prevention,Promote the innovation in small and medium-sized enterprise financial services,Deciphering the folk capital investment difficult/Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult problem.

　　但周德文认为，这些工作所取得的成效与人们对金改的期待有不少差距，特别是在民间资本直接参与银行业竞争，“利率市场化”这些核心问题上没有实质性突破，令人有些失望。

Mr Zhou said,This work the results obtained with people look for in a golden change many gaps,Especially in the private capital participate in banking competition directly,"Interest rate marketization"There is no substantive breakthrough in these core issues,A little disappointed.

　　2013年1月，周德文曾在公开场合详细阐述过温州利率市场化试点步骤，在温州特定区域和特定领域开展利率市场化试点。

In January 2013,Mr Zhou has been elaborated in public interest rate marketization in wenzhou pilot step,In wenzhou and trial specific areas to carry out the marketization of interest rates in a particular area.

　　“具体而言，第一步，民间借贷公开实行利率市场化，不要用基准利率的4倍去限制它，实际限制也是无效的。第二步，在地方性的金融机构，如小贷公司、村镇银行或者农村信用社改制的商业银行先行进行试点。第三步，推广到温州所有金融机构，包括四大银行在温州的分支机构，第四步，可以考虑通过顶层设计在全国范围内推广。”周德文向记者介绍。

"In particular,The first step,Private lending public implement interest rate marketization,Don't use benchmark interest rates four times to limit it,The actual limit is also invalid.The second step,In the local financial institutions,As small loan companies/Village Banks and rural credit cooperatives reform of commercial Banks leading to pilot.The third step,All financial institutions to wenzhou,Including four big Banks in wenzhou branch,Step 4,Can be considered through the top design nationwide promotion."Mr Zhou told reporters.

　　2013年两会期间，周德文再次呼吁应尽快制定出台“民间借贷法”，在中央没有出台“民间借贷法”之前，地方政府可先制定出台地方性法规，如在民间借贷最为活跃的温州，应尽快制定出台《温州民间借贷管理条例》。

During the two sessions in 2013,Mr Zhou again called for shall be worked out as soon as possible"Private lending method",In the central no"Private lending method"before,Local governments can establish local rules and regulations first,As in the wenzhou private lending is most active,Should establish as soon as possible[Wenzhou folk lending management regulations].

　　“要使民间借贷阳光化、规范化，前提条件是合法化。”周德文认为必须明确民间借贷的合法性，规范民间借贷利率。“这既有利于民间借贷合理健康的发展，也有利于中小企业获得更为公平合理的融资平台，打破当前银行独大的金融僵局。”周德文说。

"To make the folk lending the sunlight/standardization,Premise condition is legal."Mr Zhou is considered necessary to clear the legitimacy of the folk lending,Specification of folk lending interest rates."It is conducive to the development of private lending is reasonable health,Can also help small and medium-sized enterprises get more fair and reasonable financing platform,To break the current bank's financial impasse."His said.

　　一年来，温州金融改革扩大了中小企业直接融资的渠道，但周德文指出存在的问题在于：一方面主要是小额贷款公司最终难以转为村镇银行；另一方面金融机构仍然存在“玻璃门”、“弹簧门”现象。

A year,Wenzhou's financial reform, expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises of direct financing,But Mr Zhou pointed out existing problem:On the one hand, mainly small loans company ultimately difficult to into rural Banks;On the other hand, financial institutions still exist"The glass door"/"Swing door"phenomenon.

　　“玻璃门”主要源于对民间资本进入金融业所存在的各种无形约束。“弹簧门”的形成则是由于大型国有商业银行拥有垄断优势，民间金融机构处于相对劣势，往往容易被挤出。

"The glass door"Mainly comes from the folk capital into the financial industry are all intangible constraints."Swing door"Formation is due to the large state-owned commercial Banks have a monopoly advantage,Private financial institutions in a relatively inferior position,Tend to be squeezed out.

　　“只有打破这"两重门"，才能打破银行的垄断。”周德文坦言。

"Only to break it"Two door",To break the monopoly of Banks."Mr Zhou said.

　　对于造成温州金改阻力的原因，周德文认为无论是贷款公司转村镇银行，还是民资发起设立银行，都遭遇到来自银监部门现有法律法规障碍，监管机构强调“村镇银行主发起人必须为银行”的立场没有变化。

For the cause of financial reform in wenzhou resistance,Mr Zhou think whether loan company village Banks,Or what was established,Have suffered from branch department of the existing laws and regulations,Regulators emphasize"Main sponsor must be a village bank"The position remains unchanged.

　　目前，周德文认为利率市场化的条件已经基本具备，呼声也越来越高。温州民间借贷一直是“利率市场化”的，只是不敢阳光化，没有规范化运作，既然作为金融改革试验区，就要勇于尝试。

At present,Mr Zhou has already basically think of marketization of interest rate conditions,Calls for more and more is also high.Wenzhou folk lending has always been"Interest rate marketization"of,Just not the sunshine,Not standardized operation,Now that as a financial reform pilot area,Must have the courage to try.

　　“国家既然批准温州为中国唯一的金融改革试验区，就要放松管制、打破垄断，就要允许温州大胆改革创新，突破国家一些不合理的法令法规，打破一些政策的条条框框，在金融改革上杀出一条血路。”周德文在提案中呼吁，要允许试错，要允许不断修改和完善金融改革方案，最终推动全国性的金融改革。

"Countries since the approval of wenzhou only financial reform pilot zone for China,Should deregulation/To break the monopoly,Will allow wenzhou bold reform and innovation,Breakthrough country of some unreasonable regulations,Break some policy rules,Fight our way out on financial reform."Mr Zhou called for in the proposal,To allow the trial and error,Will allow to modify and perfect the financial reforms,Eventually to promote national financial reform.