金融生态环境的“灵魂”是信用，通过制度约束企业、个人的行为是一方面，通过提升企业、个人的信用意识是另一方面。

The financial ecological environment"The soul"Is the credit,Through the enterprise system constraints/The behavior of the individual is on the other hand,Through ascension enterprise/Personal credit consciousness is on the other hand.

　　金融生态环境是指与金融业生存、发展相互影响的社会、政治、经济、文化等因素的总和，其建设是一项系统的工程。金融生态环境的良好不仅有利于金融机构的生存发展，更有利于社会经济的发展，而且两者之间相互促进、相互影响，会形成一种良性循环。山东省广饶县金融生态环境的优化过程很好地验证了这一经济规律。

Financial ecological environment is refers to financial industry to survive/Mutual influence of social development/political/The economy/Cultural factors combined,Its construction is a systematic engineering.Good financial ecological environment is not only beneficial to the survival and development of financial institutions,More conducive to the development of social economy,And between the two promote each other/Interact with each other,Can form a virtuous cycle.Shandong GuangRaoXian optimization of financial ecological environment is very good to prove the economic law.

　信用的力量：优化金融生态环境历程 The power of the credit:Optimization of financial ecological environment

　　上世纪90年代，广饶县大王镇部分中小企业因市场波动及经营原因纷纷倒闭，银行信贷资产质量明显恶化，广饶县的商业银行遇到了前所未有的危机。尽管破产倒闭符合法律规定，但是如此一来或只是饮鸩止渴。

In the 1990 s,GuangRaoXian king township, some small and medium-sized enterprises have closed down due to market fluctuations and business reasons,Bank credit asset quality deterioration,GuangRaoXian commercial Banks met with unprecedented crisis.Although the bankruptcy in accordance with the law,But in this way or just go.

　　就在危机来临之前，新成立的大王集团站出来，宣布大王镇所有倒闭企业的银行贷款全部由集团代偿。大额资金的抽走使得大王集团的运营一度陷入困境，但是银行的运营得以正常化，大王镇的信誉得以保护。

Just before the crisis,The new king group to come forward,King announced town all failed businesses of bank loans by compensatory group.Big money away that a king group operations, get into trouble,But bank operations to normalization,King in the town of reputation to protect.

　　与大王镇相隔不远的石村镇90年代初工业基础与大王镇不相上下，但在上世纪90年代中小企业经营艰难时，镇政府鼓励中小企业倒闭，甩掉了银行债务，企业和地方暂时赚得了利益。但随后几年，工、农、中、建等国有银行纷纷从石村镇撤出，四家银行在石村镇贷款余额为零，全镇只有几百万元的农村信用社贷款，小型企业纷纷倒闭，中型以上企业千方百计迁出石村镇，使得全镇经济迅速倒退。

And king stone village of town not far away in the early 90 s industrial base and the king of town,But in the 1990 s when the small and medium-sized enterprise management difficult,Township government encourage small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) to fail,Get rid of the bank debt,Enterprises and local earn interest for the time being.But then a few years,work/farmers/In the/Building, such as the state-owned Banks have withdrawn from stone town,Four Banks in stone village loan balance is zero,The whole town only a few million yuan loans of rural credit cooperatives,Small businesses have closed down,More than medium-sized enterprises one thousand party hundreds out stone town,Make the whole town rapid economic decline.

　　正是在这一背景下，广饶县政府看到了金融生态环境建设的重要性：良好的信用环境有利于助推银行企业的共存、共生。

It is in this context,GuangRaoXian government saw the importance of financial ecological environment construction:A good credit environment is conducive to boosting bank enterprises coexist/The symbiotic.

　　彼时，广饶县仍属典型的农业县，于是当地政府决定从农村开始金融生态环境的建设，其中先后经历了“农户合贷款”制度、争创“金融信用村镇”、实施“农民文明信用工程”三个阶段。

At the time,GuangRaoXian still belongs to a typical agricultural county,So the local government decided to start from the rural financial ecological environment construction,Which has experienced"Farmers or loan"system/Strive for"Financial credit village"/Implementation of the"Farmers credit civilization construction"The three stages.

　　1999年下半年，在广饶县人行引导下，广饶县按“一次核定、随用随贷、余额控制、周转使用”的原则在农信系统推广了贷款证，各村在自愿的基础上成立农户联保小组。

In the second half of 1999,In GuangRaoXian pedestrian guidance,GuangRaoXian according to"Once approved/Along with the credit/The balance control/Turnover use"Promotion of the loan principle in its system,Villages farmers group team was set up on a voluntary basis.

　　2000年，广饶县率先在全省开展了以争创“信用户、信用村、信用乡镇”为内容的“金融信用县”创建活动。

In 2000,,GuangRaoXian took the lead in the province carried out to achieve"Letter of the user/The credit village/Credit the villages and towns"For the content of the"County financial credit"Create activities.

　　2001年，广饶政府实施了以文明信用资质评定为依据，以优惠放贷政策为动力，以文明信用单位创评为载体，以诚信为主要内容的“农村文明信用工程”。

In 2001,,GuangRao civilizations imposed by the government credit is based on the assessment of qualifications,Powered by preferential lending policies,Create as carrier by credit unit of civilization,By the good faith as the main content"Rural credit project civilization".

　　为改善地方投资环境，广饶县政府加大对失信行为的打击力度，对在企业改制中不认真落实金融债务、无金融债权保全证明的企业，由银行及时通知工商、质监等职能部门，一律不为其办理变更、注销等手续。银行与司法部门定期召开维护金融秩序联席会议，新闻宣传部门对恶意逃废金融债务的企业公开曝光，联手加大对逃废金融债务行为的打击力度。

In order to improve the local investment environment,GuangRaoXian government crackdown on faithless behavior,For not implementing financial debts in the enterprise restructuring/Businesses without a certificate of financial creditor's rights preservation,Informed by bank of industry and commerce/Quality control and other functions,Shall not be for its alteration/Cancel such formalities.Banks and the judicial department joint meeting held on a regular basis to maintain financial order,Evasion and rejection of financial debts in the news propaganda for malicious enterprise public exposure,Teamed up with the increase of actions evading and rejecting financial creditor's rights to the crackdown.

　　2005年广饶县政府下发了《广饶县金融生态环境建设实施意见》，在报纸、广播、电视设立曝光台，对社会上发生的不讲文明诚信、造成恶劣影响的人和事进行曝光；在县政府综合信息网站上开辟专栏，对企业资信情况向社会公开发布；对县内企业资产质量、信贷情况等进行汇总登记，健全完善了银行信贷登记查询系统，实现信息共享。

GuangRaoXian government issued in 2005[Implementation opinions GuangRaoXian financial ecological environment construction],In the paper/The radio/TV set up the lighthouse,Don't speak civilization happening on the social good faith/Caused bad influence the persons and things that are exposed;Create a column in the county comprehensive information on the website,To the enterprise credit issued to the public;The quality of enterprise assets in the county/Credit conditions and so on carries on the summary to register,The sound bank credit registration query system,To realize information sharing.

　　2008年，为扩大信用建设覆盖面，全县召开了5万人大规模、高规格的创建“诚信广饶”动员大会，开展了“怎样做一个文明诚信广饶人”大讨论活动，着力打造“诚信广饶”，形成了人人讲文明，个个重诚信的浓厚氛围。

In 2008,,To expand coverage for credit construction,The county-wide large-scale held 50000 people/The creation of a high standard"Good faith GuangRao"To mobilize the general assembly,To carry out the"How to make a civilized integrity GuangRao person"Big discussion activities,Strive to build"Good faith GuangRao",Formed a everyone speak civilization,All heavy thick atmosphere of integrity.

　　文明信用工程的实施，强化了全县工商企业和广大农户的诚信金融意识，为建设金融生态环境奠定了坚实的基础。

Civilization credit on the implementation of the project,To strengthen the integrity of the county industrial and commercial enterprises and the broad masses of farmers of financial awareness,For the construction of financial ecology environment has laid a solid foundation.

　　金融生态环境的不断优化，使广饶县竞争力和资金“洼地效应”不断增强。2010年广饶县被授予“山东省金融生态环境建设模范奖”，全省共有10个县市区获奖。“十一五”期间，广饶县金融生态环境的支持作用尤为显著，综合实力在全省30强和全国县域经济基本竞争力百强的位次稳步前移，连续进入全国最具投资潜力中小城市百强，入围全国中小城市综合实力百强、全国最具区域带动力中小城市百强。同时雄厚的经济综合实力，为金融发展提供了有力支撑，金融业各项指标均处于全省前列，东营市辖区内银行机构近50%的贷款投向了广饶县，辖区金融部门整体利润水平、存贷款规模和增长速度、资产损失准备充足情况都处于较高水平。

Continuous optimization of financial ecological environment,Make GuangRaoXian competitive and money"Depression effects"Has been increasing.GuangRaoXian was awarded in 2010"Financial ecological environment construction in shandong province model award",The province a total of 10 counties."11th five-year plan"During the period,GuangRaoXian financial ecological environment is especially significant support role,In the province, 30 strong comprehensive strength and the national county economic competitiveness top power forward steadily,Straight into the nation hundred strongly has the investment potential small and medium-sized cities,Finalist for the national comprehensive strength hundred small and medium-sized cities/At the most area small and medium-sized cities in China.At the same time, strong comprehensive economic strength,Provides strong support for the financial development,The financial sector all the indexes in the province,Dongying city nearly 50% of loans to the banking institutions within their respective jurisdictions GuangRaoXian,The profit level financial department/Deposit and loan scale and growth speed/Stocked with assets loss are at a higher level.

　　信用是“灵魂”：经验与启示 Credit is"The soul":Experience and enlightenment

　　广饶县金融生态环境的整个优化历程都是在当地政府的主导下展开的，这一点符合当前理论研究中对政府在金融生态环境建设中的主导作用。首先，金融生态环建设的提出者本身就是政府；其次，从宏观上整体来构建一个地方的金融生态环境，只有当地政府才有这个能力。这一点与我国经济体制改革中政府主导下渐进式路径是相一致的。

GuangRaoXian financial ecological environment of the whole optimization process is under the leading of the local government,This conforms to the current theoretical research on the government leading role in the financial ecological environment construction.First of all,Financial ecology loop proposes itself is the construction of the government;The second,From the macroscopic overall and to build a regional financial ecological environment,Only the local government has the ability.That with the economic system reform in our country is dominated by the government in the progressive path is consistent.

　　金融生态环境的“灵魂”是信用，通过制度约束企业、个人的行为是一方面，通过提升企业、个人的信用意识是另一方面。广饶县2008年召开的5万人规模的“诚信广饶”动员大会就具有十分重要的意义，它使社会各界对信用的认识从经济范畴上升到了道德范畴，使信用不仅成为经济交往的通行证，而且成为社会交往的通行证，成为经济和社会交往的行动准则，使政府、企业和居民逐步树立“信用就是财富、信用就是无形资产、信用就是生产力”的理念。

The financial ecological environment"The soul"Is the credit,Through the enterprise system constraints/The behavior of the individual is on the other hand,Through ascension enterprise/Personal credit consciousness is on the other hand.GuangRaoXian held 2008, 50000 people"Good faith GuangRao"Mobilization meeting is of great significance,It makes the social from all walks of life, the understanding of credit from increased economic category to the moral category,Make credit not only economic exchanges between the passport,And become the social pass,For economic and social standards of action,The government/Enterprises and individuals set up step by step"Credit is the wealth/Credit is the intangible assets/Credit is the productive forces"The idea of.

　　广饶县的金融生态环境是从农村金融市场开始的，通过对农户发放贷款证以及多户联保政策的实施，提高了农户的信用资质，获得了更多的贷款，有效支持了农村经济的发展，在此基础上又进一步展开了城镇金融生态环境的建设。在我国二元经济结构现象的存在使得城乡发展极不平衡，金融生态环境建设的城乡结合有利于维护“三农”利益，有效防止资金的过度流失。反之，如果城镇金融生态环境首先得到优化，将直接导致农村资金的外流，从而进一步加剧“三农”的融资困难。所以金融生态环境建设发端于农村，有利于城乡金融生态环境的平衡发展。

GuangRaoXian financial ecological environment, starts from the rural financial market,Through the loan card issued to farmers in the coinsurance policy implementation and more,Improved the farmers credit profile,Get more loans,Support the development of rural economy effectively,On this basis, further expand the town financial ecological environment construction.The existence of the phenomenon of dual economic structure in our country makes the uneven development between urban and rural areas,The combination of urban and rural areas is conducive to maintaining financial ecological environment construction"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"The interests of the,Effectively prevent the excessive loss of money.Vice versa,If the town first optimize financial ecological environment,Will directly cause the outflow of rural capital,Thus further intensify"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"The financing difficulties.So began in the rural financial ecological environment construction,Is advantageous to the balanced development of urban and rural financial ecological environment.

　　为了实现金融生态环境的持续优化，广饶县政府将各种鼓励手段制度化。一是对中小企业信用担保机构的优惠政策制度化；二是打造金融公共网络信息平台，及时更新企业信用信息，并且实现了银行信用评级与信息平台的一致性；三是完善银行与司法、工商、质检等部门的合作机制，对于信用不良企业通过政府、司法部门加大其违约成本；四是将政府助推金融生态环境制度化，将保全银行债权、防范金融风险工作纳入对乡镇政府和有关部门的考核范围；五是实现信用监督社会化，通过新闻媒介信用不良行为及时曝光。

In order to achieve the continuous optimization of financial ecological environment,GuangRaoXian government will all kinds of encouragement means institutionalized.One is preferential policies of the credit guarantee agencies for small and medium-sized enterprises, institutionalized;The second is to build financial public information network platform,Timely update of enterprise credit information,And implement the bank credit rating and the consistency of the information platform;Three is to perfect the bank and the judicial/Industrial and commercial/Quality inspection departments of the cooperation mechanism,For bad credit enterprise by the government/The justice department increase the cost of default;Four is to boost financial ecological environment government institutionalized,Will save bank creditor's rights/Guard against financial risk work included in the scope of village and township governments and relevant departments of the inspection;Five is to realize the social credit supervision,Through the news media credit exposure bad behavior in a timely manner.

　　地方政府主导的金融生态环建设如果没有制度化，将最终沦为形象工程。而广饶政府对各种鼓励、维护政策进行了制度设计，实现了金融生态环境的持续优化。

Local government leading the construction of financial ecology loop if there is no institutionalized,Engineering will eventually become a image.The GuangRao government on various kinds of encouragement/Maintenance policy for the system design,Implements the continuous optimization of financial ecological environment.

　　(作者单位为中国人民银行东营中心支行)

(The author unit for dongying central sub-branch of the people's bank of China)