诺贝尔和平奖获得者、孟加拉国乡村银行创始人穆罕默德·尤努斯近日在广州参加活动时讲到，他们与法国达能集团合作，通过一种可持续的商业模式改善儿童营养不良。

Nobel peace prize winner、The grameen bank in Bangladesh founder muhammad yunus recently in guangzhou to attend the activities about，They and danone cooperation，Through a sustainable business model to improve malnutrition in children。

　　孟加拉的贫困人口超过30%，贫困家庭儿童营养不良问题普遍存在。2006年11月，孟加拉乡村银行与法国达能集团在孟加拉合资成立第一家营养型酸奶工厂，生产营养型酸奶销售给工厂附近的贫困家庭儿童。一杯营养型酸奶即可有效改善儿童营养不良的问题，而且每杯酸奶只需要十美分，当地贫困家庭完全可以承受。

Bangladesh poverty population more than 30%，Poor families malnutrition in children common problems。In November 2006，Bangladesh rural Banks and danone in Bangladesh joint venture established the first a nutritional type yogurt factory，【 yogurt sales to production factories near poor families children。A cup of nutritional type yogurt can effectively improve the problem of malnutrition in children，And every cup of yogurt only need ten cents，The local poor families can bear。

　　与之配套的是，孟加拉乡村银行向当地贫困农民提供贷款用于购买奶牛，奶牛生产的牛奶可以卖给酸奶工厂，生产出来的营养型酸奶由当地贫困妇女挨家挨户进行兜售。这一“社会企业”模式不但解决了当地奶农的收入问题，为当地贫困妇女提供了岗位，而且为贫困家庭儿童提供了物美价廉、美味可口的营养型酸奶，改善了他们的营养状况。

And the related is，Bangladesh rural Banks provide loans to the local poor farmers to purchase a cow，The production of milk cow can sell to yogurt factory，Production out of the nutritional type yogurt by local poor women from house to house to sell。this“Social enterprise”Mode not only solve the local dairy farmer income problem，For the local poor women with the post，And for poor families to provide children with excellent quality and reasonable price、Delicious nutritional type yogurt，Improved their nutritional status。

　　更有价值的在于，这样一件大好事，既不是政府部门做的，也不是公益组织做的，而是一家“社会企业”做的，而且在2008年就实现盈亏平衡。

More valuable is，Such a big thing，Neither the government do，Also is not public organization to do，But a“Social enterprise”do，And in 2008, realize the profit and loss balance。

　　如果用简单语言来概括上述案例，我的概括是十二个字：发慈悲心、操商业术、行公益道。

If use simple language to summarize the example above，My generalization is twelve words：Hair compassion、Operating business operation、Line public way。

　　发慈悲心是出发点,是根本。慈悲心可以帮助人看到那些被忽视、被遗忘、被埋没的特殊人群，慈悲心可以驱使人克服偏见和困难，主动走进某个特殊人群，进而了解他们的苦难和需求。慈悲心可以激发人们，或以自己的力量或联合他人，抚慰那些人的心灵，缓解他们的苦难，改善他们的生活。

Hair compassion is the starting point,Is fundamental。Compassion can help people see those is ignored、forgotten、Be buried special groups，Compassion can drive people overcome prejudice and difficulties，Active into a special crowd，Then understand their suffering and demand。Compassion can inspire people，Or in your own power or with others，Heal those people's heart，Alleviate their suffering，Improve their lives。

　　以尤努斯为例，他1940年出生于孟加拉吉大港一个富庶的穆斯林家庭，赴美留学并获得经济学博士学位。1972年，孟加拉独立后不久，尤努斯即返回祖国，旋即担任吉大港大学经济系主任，跻身孟加拉上流社会。1974年，孟加拉国发生严重饥荒，普通民众生活极度贫困，人道主义灾难频频爆发。尤努斯完全可以继续他的优越生活，对这些苦难置之不理，但他决定走进乡村，以极大的热情投入到了对贫困与饥饿的研究中。

To yunus, for example，He was born in 1940 in chittagong, Bangladesh a rich Muslim family，To study and gain economics doctorate。In 1972,，Bangladesh shortly after independence，Yunus is to return to the motherland，Soon as chittagong university economic department head，The Bangladesh society。In 1974,，Bangladesh serious famine，Ordinary people life extreme poverty，A humanitarian catastrophe break out frequently。Yunus can continue to his superior life，For those suffering ignored，But he decided to into the country，With great enthusiasm to poverty and hunger study。

　　事业心或社会责任感，都不足以诠释尤努斯先生为什么要这样做，唯有慈悲心可以。慈悲心驱使他在未来数十年时间内，创造性地探索、构建、运营、壮大“格莱珉模式”，造福数百万孟加拉贫困妇女以及她们的家庭。

The dedication to work or social sense of responsibility，Interpretation are not enough Mr Yunus why do you do that，Only compassion can。Compassion drove him in the future decades time，Creatively explore、construct、operation、expand“Grameen mode”，Benefit millions of Bangladesh poor women and their families。

　　操商业术是方法论，是路径。如果说“慈悲心”是尤努斯先生的世界观的话，那“商业术”就是尤努斯先生的方法论。所谓“商业术”，就是使用市场的方式配置资源。

Operating commercial art is methodology，Is the path。if“compassion”Is Mr Yunus world outlook words，the“Commercial operation”Is Mr Yunus methodology。The so-called“Commercial operation”，The way is to use the market allocation of resources。

　　在尤努斯眼里，生活在社会最底层的贫困人群，特别是贫困妇女，她们勤劳、善良，乐观、诚信。尤努斯从她们身上得出一个结论：造成她们穷困的根源并非由于懒惰或缺乏智慧等，而是缺少资本。面对“发放贷款”（还本付息）、“发放借款”（还本不付息）、“赠款”（不还本、不付息）三种不同的路径选择，尤努斯选择了“发放贷款”模式，基于商业原则和商业规则构建起一整套包含放贷对象、贷款用途、贷款流程、还款方式等细则的“格莱珉模式”。

In yunus's eyes，Life in the social bottom poor people，Especially the poor women，They are industrious、kind，optimistic、integrity。Yunus from their body arrive at a conclusion：Cause they poor root is not because of lazy or lack of wisdom, etc，But a lack of capital。In the face of“lending”（servicing）、“Issue borrowing”（Repayment of capital and interest not）、“grants”（No repayment of capital、Interest in the）Three different path choice，Yunus chose“lending”mode，Based on the commercial principle and build up a set of business rules include lending object、Loan USES、Loan process、The mode of repayment of the detailed rules“Grameen mode”。

　　市场是资源配置的最重要方式，也是最有效的方式，这一结论同样适用于穷人。“格莱珉模式”的成功不是偶然，而是必然。几乎可以肯定的是，把钱借给穷人，不要求穷人支付利息，或者把钱捐给穷人，不要求穷人偿还本金，虽然短期内有利于穷人，但长期来看是弊大于利。这两种方式，都是政府部门和公益机构最常见的行善方式，并且长期以来乐此不疲。

Market is the most important way for resource allocation，Which is the most effective way，This conclusion also apply to the poor。“Grameen mode”Success is not accidental，But inevitable。Almost certainly，Lend money to the poor，Does not require the poor pay interest，Or donated money to the poor，Does not require the poor repayment of principal，Although in the short term to the poor，But in the long term is more harm than good。The two methods，Are all government departments and public welfare institutions the most common way of doing good，And for a long time happy。

　　无论拥有近四十年历史的“格莱珉模式”，还是只有七年历史的达能酸奶工厂模式，都不是构建在怜悯、同情、施舍、赠予之上，而是构建在尊重、信任、交易、利益之上。

No matter has nearly 40 years of history“Grameen mode”，Or just seven years history of danone yogurt factory model，Are not constructed in mercy、sympathy、alms、Given above，But building in the respect、trust、trading、interests。

　　行公益道是度量衡，是目标。所谓“行公益道”，首先是保证有益而不是有害，其次要保证对社会公众有益而不是对私人或特定人群有益，这既是发慈善心、操商业术的目标，也是归宿。以达能酸奶工厂为例，如果当地贫困家庭买不起，如果酸奶所含营养元素不能满足需求，如果不采购当地奶农的牛奶，如果不招聘当地人作为员工，即便是孟加拉乡村银行与法国达能集团抱有善意，投入大量人力物力，也都意味着没有实现预期的公益目标。与操商业术、行公益道相反的是，打着公益的幌子，以公益的手段谋取商业利益，这类行为在我们身边时有发生、屡见不鲜，应受相应的谴责。

Line public way is weights and measures，Goal is。The so-called“Line public way”，The first is to guarantee the good and not harmful，To ensure that the next to the social public good and not for the private or specific crowd beneficial，This is both hair heart charity、Operating business operation target，Is also home to return to。With danone yogurt factory as an example，If the local poor families can't afford it，If yogurt contains nutrition element cannot meet demand，If not purchase the local dairy farmer milk，If you don't hiring locals as employees，Even Bangladesh rural Banks and danone with kindness，Invest a lot of manpower material resources，Also means not achieve the desired goal of public。And operating business operation、Line public way instead，Under the guise of public welfare，By the means of public welfare for business interests，This kind of behavior is often happened around us、Common occurance，Shall be subject to the corresponding condemned。

　　在我看来，发慈悲心、操商业术、行公益道，既是“社会企业”的本质，更是解决社会问题最有效、最高效、最具可持续性的方法，无论是企业还是个人，无论是政府部门还是公益机构，都可以践行之。

In my opinion，Hair compassion、Operating business operation、Line public way，is“Social enterprise”The essence of，Is the most effective to solve social problems、The most efficient、The most sustainable method，Whether enterprise or individual，Whether it is the government department or public welfare institutions，Can the practice。

（作者系公益行业资深从业者） （The author is public industry senior practitioners）