本报记者 陆玲 发自北京

Our reporter from the Beijing LiuLing

　　阿里金融扩大放贷对象的消息犹如一枚炸弹。有人在微博上感慨，“银行该颤抖了！”

Ali financial expand lending object's news is like a bomb.Someone in micro blog regrets,"The bank this trembling!"

　　“近期，阿里信贷业务受众范围确有扩大，但只是在江浙沪地区，由原来的阿里付费用户，扩大到普通注册用户，但并未面向全国会员开放。”8月29日，时代周报记者致电阿里金融负责人王彤，他表示很惊讶，“没想到这么受关注。”

"recent,Ali credit business has expanded scope of audience,But only in jiangsu region,By original ali subscribers,Expand to the ordinary registered users,But did not facing the whole country member open."On August 29,,Times weekly reporters call ali financial chief wang tong,He said very surprised,"Didn't expect such a concern."

　　根据阿里金融披露的数据，2012年上半年，阿里金融累计向小微企业投放170万笔贷款、贷款总额130亿元；如果追溯到阿里金融成立之日（2010年）算起，数字高达280亿元。阿里金融在今年7月已经实现单日利息收入100万元。按此增速计算，一年后阿里金融的利息收入预计达到3.65亿元。一旦阿里向普通会员全面放开，数据将呈几何级数上升。

According to financial disclosure ali data,In the first half of 2012,Ali financial accumulated to small micro enterprise put 1.7 million loan/Loan total 13 billion yuan;If traced back to the date of the establishment of the financial ali(In 2010,)counting,Digital is as high as 28 billion yuan.Ali financial in July this year already realize single day interest income is 1 million yuan.According to the calculation speed,A year later ali financial interest income is expected to reach 365 million yuan.Once the ali to ordinary member fully open,Data would be a geometric series rise.

　

　跨区放贷争议 Interregional lending dispute

　　“其实，严格意义上来讲，阿里金融算是违规的。小额贷款公司有两个监管红线：一是只能用自有资金放贷；二是不能跨区域放贷。作为注册地在浙江的企业，阿里小贷不能给上海等外地的客户放贷，”一家同样探索网络信贷的P2P小贷公司相关负责人告诉时代周报记者，“这实际上是打了个擦边球，当然目前的法律也跟不上。”

"In fact,Strict sense,Ali financial is illegal.Small loan companies have two regulatory red line:One is the only use equity fund lending;The second is can't cross area to lending.As registered in zhejiang's enterprise,Ali small credit can't give Shanghai and other foreign customers lending,"A similar exploration network credit P2P small credit company related person in charge told reporters times weekly,"This is actually a edge ball,Of course the law also can't keep up."

　　据《浙江省小额贷款公司试点暂行管理办法》第四章第25条明确指出：小额贷款公司只能在本县（市、区）行政区域内从事小额贷款业务，不能跨区域开展经营活动。

According to[Zhejiang small loan companies pilot interim administrative measures]The fourth chapter article 25 explicitly pointed out:Small loan companies can only in this county(city/area)Administrative areas in small loan business,Can't cross area to carry out business activities.

　　阿里金融目前是通过旗下注册在浙江杭州和重庆的两家小额贷款公司发放贷款，按理只能向当地客户发放贷款。但阿里却反驳称，虽然注册地确实是在杭州，但法律法规监管的是业务发生地，而不是客户所在地。由于放款行为是通过网络平台操作的，主要在杭州，这不是违规。并表示，阿里金融曾获得浙江省金融办的批文，允许部分产品向全国小微企业开放，但并未出示相关批文。

Ali financial at present through its is registered in hangzhou, zhejiang province and chongqing's two small loan companies issue loans,Be only to the local customer issue loans.But ali but counter that,Although it is registered in hangzhou,But legal regulation is business occurred,Rather than customer sites.Because lending behavior is through the network platform of the operation,Mainly in hangzhou,This is not illegal.And said,Ali financial won zhejiang financial do approval,Allow some products to the small micro enterprise open,But did not show relevant approval.

　　“法无禁止，而且，阿里小贷发放的客户的确都是在其平台上操作。”中国小额信贷联盟秘书长白澄宇告诉时代周报记者。

"Method nonrestraint,and,Ali small loans issued by the customer is in its platform operation."China microfinance league secretary general BaiChengYu told reporters times weekly.

　　9月4日，时代周报记者将此问题抛给阿里金融负责人王彤，其告诉记者，“上周五开始公司决定不再接受任何媒体的采访。”并在邮件里告诉记者，“不管一个多么没有异议的事情，总可以提出疑问的。这是我们近期谢绝一切采访，安心做好我们的业务的原因之一。”

On September 4,,Times weekly reporters will be thrown to the financial chief ali wang tong,Its told reporters,"Last Friday the company decided to no longer accept any media interview."And in the mail told reporters,"No matter what a no objection to things,Total can put forward question.This is our recent decline all interviews,At ease do our business one of the reasons why."

　　“其实，这不是个问题。只要你在放贷时坚持小额、分散的原则，面向实体的小微企业就可以了。”微贷企业贷帮创始人尹飞告诉时代周报记者，“并非所有的小贷公司都有异地扩张的冲动，小贷公司只贷不存的经营模式决定了本身的经营风险，一般都会选择在熟悉的区域发展较为稳妥，一旦跨区域经营，坏账率可能会提高。”

"In fact,This is not a problem.As long as you are lending to small when/principle,Facing the entity of small micro enterprise is ok."Micro credit enterprise credit help founder YinFei told reporters times weekly,"Not all of the small loan companies have different expansion impulse,Small credit company only credit don't store business model determines the management risk of itself,General can choose in familiar regional development is relatively safe,Once the trans-regional operation,Bad debt rate may increase."

　　据时代周报记者了解，其实变相的跨区域放贷行为已经很普遍。深圳最早一批小贷公司，比如中安信业，早已经开始跨区域放贷。“不过都是以分公司的形式，而非子公司，而且分公司都是与银行等金融机构合作。”深圳一家小贷公司负责人告诉时代周报记者。“此外就是类似阿里小贷这样通过‘业务操作地区’来进行异地放款，规避相关的监管条例。”

According to reporter understanding times weekly,In fact disguised across the region have been widespread lending practices.Shenzhen earliest a batch of small loan companies,For example XinYe China,Have already started to cross area to lending."But in the form of branch,Instead of subsidiary,And branch is with Banks and other financial institutions cooperation."Shenzhen a small credit company manager told reporters times weekly."In addition is similar ali small credit this through‘Operations area’For different loan,Avoid related regulations."

　　“其实禁止跨区域放贷本来就不合理，阿里小贷不过是在不违反大条例下的金融创新，” 白澄宇告诉时代周报，“别人想做还做不来。这是由阿里独特的模式决定的。”

"In fact banned cross area to lending was not reasonable,Ali small credit is but does not violate the big regulation of financial innovation," BaiChengYu told times weekly,"Others want to do still do not to come.This is by ali unique mode decision."

　　

独特的阿里模式 Unique ali mode

　　阿里的官方网站公布，阿里信贷是阿里金融针对阿里电子商务平台小微企业开发的纯信用贷款产品，放贷额度为5万-100万元，期限为12个月，贷款形式为循环贷+固定贷。

Ali's official website,Ali credit is ali financial for ali e-commerce platform small micro enterprise development of pure credit loan products,Lending limit for 50000-1 million yuan,Deadline for 12 months,In the form of a loan for cycle credit + fixed credit.

　　申请者可以是企业或个体工商户，但必须是阿里巴巴中国站会员或中国供应商会员，工商注册地在上海市或浙江（除温州）和江苏省内，且注册时间满2年，申请人近12个月总销售额不小于200万元。

Applicants can is the enterprise or individual and industrial and commercial door,But it must be alibaba China members or member of Chinese suppliers,Commerce registered in Shanghai or zhejiang(In addition to wenzhou)And jiangsu province,And the registration time full two years,The applicant nearly 12 months total sales not less than 2 million yuan.

　　阿里金融的首页，详细介绍了贷款产品及利率。其中“循环贷”指获贷额度作为备用金，不取用不收利息，可随借随还，对于企业来说更灵活，日利率万分之六左右；“固定贷”指获贷额度在获贷后一次性发放，日利率万分之五左右。

Ali financial home page,Detailed introduces the loan products and interest rates.the"Cycle credit"Refers to the amount of credit as a shot in the locker,Don't take not to receive interest,Can follow with also borrow,For enterprise is more flexible,RiLiLv six over ten thousand or so;"Fixed credit"Refers to the amount of credit in the credit after one-time extend,RiLiLv five over ten thousand or so.

　　在兴业银行(601166,股吧)首席经济学家鲁政委看来，“按照现在的信贷模式和效率，要在半年内完成170万笔贷款，几乎不可思议。至于每笔仅7000多元的贷款额度，这更脱离人们对于小微企业信贷的固有认识。”

In the industrial bank(601166,guba)Chief economist commissar lu looks,"According to the present credit mode and efficiency,Within half a year to complete 1.7 million loan,Almost incredible.As for each only 7000 yuan loans,This more from people for small micro enterprise credit inherent understanding."

　　阿里金融小贷业务的客户都是阿里集团各电商业务板块中的商户，这为小微放贷提供了基础。

Ali financial small credit business customers are ali group all the electric business business plate of the merchant,This is a micro lending provides the basis.

　　“做小贷，最大的成本在于客户信用水平、还款能力的审查，以及贷后客户现金流的监控等，这对阿里来说不是问题”。P2P网络信贷翼龙贷董事长王思聪告诉时代周报记者，“阿里金融的模式建立在其自有的庞大电商生态系统之上，其只能向网内的客户拓展，无法延伸至阿里生态之外。”

"Do small credit,The biggest cost in customer credit level/Reimbursement ability examination,And after credit customers cash flow monitoring, etc,This is not a problem to ali".P2P network credit pterosaur credit the chairman told reporters WangSiCong times weekly,"Ali financial mode based on its own large electric business on ecological system,Its only to network in customer development,Cannot extend to ali ecological outside."

　　此次扩大放贷对象，在外界看来，是阿里金融新型微贷技术成熟后，加大信贷领域投入的信号。据王彤介绍，阿里金融现有员工接近300人，其中互联网技术人员即占去半数，为了匹配阿里金融小微贷款的特点：以数据挖掘分析方式控制风险、加快放贷流程、降低成本。

The expand lending object,In the outside world seems to,Ali financial new micro credit after mature technology,Increasing credit field input signal.According to wang tong is introduced,Ali financial existing staff of nearly 300 people,The Internet technical personnel that takes up half,In order to match ali financial small micro loan characteristics:In data mining analysis means to control risk/Speed up the lending process/Reduce cost.

　　据王彤介绍，“开发新型微贷技术，阿里金融投入了巨大的资源。2011年，阿里还没有盈利，可能是唯一不赚钱的小贷公司。”

According to wang tong is introduced,"Development of new micro credit technology,Ali financial into a huge resources.In 2011,,Ali is not profit,May be the only not profitable small credit company."

　　阿里金融要想进一步扩展业务还要解决诸多限制。目前，阿里金融的小贷资金来源于旗下浙江和重庆的两家小额贷款公司，注册资金总计16亿元。按照法规，按50%融资额度，最多可用于放贷的资金为24亿元。但是目前阿里已经达到半年130亿元的放贷量。

Ali financial to further expand business to solve many restrictions.At present,Ali financial small credit is money from its zhejiang and chongqing's two small loan companies,The registered capital of a total of 1.6 billion yuan.According to the regulations,According to the 50% amount of financing,Most can be used to lend money for 2.4 billion yuan.But at present ali has reached half a year 13 billion yuan lending quantity.

　　“诚然，阿里不缺资金。但是一旦会员放开，后续发展所需的巨大资金也是个问题。”一家小贷公司负责人告诉时代周报记者，“要知道，无论支付宝账面上趴着多少资金，理论上阿里都不能将这些钱用于发放贷款，否则就涉嫌非法集资。”

"admittedly,Ali is not short of funds.But when members let go,For subsequent development of the huge capital is also a problem."A small credit company manager told reporters times weekly,"Want to know,No matter pay treasure dropped the book on how much capital,Theoretically ali can will these money lending,Otherwise, they suspected illegal financing."

　　此前，王彤也表示， “阿里金融自身的发展就需要克服很多困难，譬如小额贷款公司身份不明确，资本金限制等等”。

after,Wang tong also said, "Ali financial own development need to overcome a lot of difficulties,For example small loan companies identity is not clear,Capital limits, etc".

　

　倒逼银行做电商？ DaoBi bank do electric business?

　　早在2007年6月，阿里金融就与建设银行合作，依托阿里巴巴的信用数据，为平台客户提供信贷服务。当时阿里巴巴向建行提供“诚信通”和“中国供应商”会员的信用记录，包括会员企业的基本资质的历年交易信用，作为放贷的参考依据。

As early as in June 2007,Ali financial with construction bank cooperation,Relying on alibaba's credit data,As the platform provide credit service.At that time alibaba to provide the construction bank"trustpass"and"Chinese suppliers"Members of the credit record,Including member enterprise basic qualification of calendar year trade credit,As the reference basis for loans.

　　彼时，阿里已经建立起一整套信用评价体系与信用数据库，以及一系列应对贷款风险的控制机制，并开始以自身的交易平台优势帮助建行对客户进行风险控制，甚至包括针对网络特性制定的坏账客户“互联网全网通缉”。对于建行来说，阿里电商融资产品几乎都能实现在线自动完成，既能保证贷款质量，又节约了大量审核成本。

At the,Ali has established a set of credit evaluation system and credit database,And a series of deal with loan risk control mechanism,And start to their own trading platform advantages help CCB to customer to control risk,Even in view of the network characteristic of bad loans for customers"The Internet, which wanted".For the construction bank,,Ali electric business financing products are almost can realize on-line automatic finish,Can not only guarantee the quality of loans,And save a lot of audit cost.

　　合作伊始颇得业内艳羡。好景不长，建行的强势及对贷款审查的保守，使得阿里妄图为网商大规模发放贷款的设想受阻。彼时，阿里金融总经理胡晓明在接受媒体采访时表示，原先梦想是通过银行的资源，为银行和阿里平台上的小企业牵线搭桥，但由于和银行信贷理念上存在根本差异，并未实现。

At the beginning of the cooperation pode industry envy.A flash in the pan,The strength of the construction bank and the loan examination and conservative,Make ali tried to give loans to large scale the idea of hindered.At the,Ali HuXiaoMing financial general manager, when being interviewed by the media said,The original dream is through the bank's resources,For Banks and ali platform of small business matchmaking bypass,But because the bank credit concept and the fundamental differences,Did not realize.

　　银行方面认为之所以出现后来合作的减少甚至暂停，和阿里巴巴希望在银行的贷款利息中分得一杯羹、向企业收取与贷款相关的费用，遭到了银行的拒绝。

Banks think appear later cooperation to reduce or even pause,And alibaba hope in the bank loan interest of the equation/To enterprise collection and loan related expenses,By the bank refused.

　　来自银行的说法，已经拥有阿里小贷的阿里巴巴开始不满足于做一个电子商务平台和为银行提供企业信息，发现贷款业务油水很大，就萌生了单独放贷的念头。2010年3月，阿里巴巴小额贷款公司获得国内首张电子商务领域的小额贷款公司营业执，标志着阿里金融开始使用自有资金运作融资业务。

From the bank statement,Already have ali small loan ali baba began to be not content to be an electronic business platform for the bank and to provide enterprise information,Find loan business big oil,Is the idea of initiation of the separate lending.In march of 2010,Alibaba small loan companies get home debut in the electronic commerce field small loans with the company business,Marks the ali financial began to use their own funds financing business operation.

　　当然建行也从中看到了电子商务的商机。今年6月，建行的“善融商务”平台终于上线，其运营模式与淘宝颇为相似，分为个人商城和企业商城两个端口，个人商城的页面设计则更类似于京东商城，为企业及个人提供融资、理财、分期付款等多种金融服务。

Of course the construction bank also see in the electronic commerce business opportunities.In June this year,Construction bank of"Good melt business"Platform finally online,The operation mode and taobao rather similar,Divided into personal mall and enterprise mall two ports,Personal mall page design is more similar to jingdong mall,For enterprises and individuals to provide financing/financial/Payment by installment and so on the many kinds of financial services.

　　据悉，除了建行外，已有银行已在跃跃欲试。交行打造的电子商务平台—“交博会”近期也陆续向客户开放，其中的商品馆就是B2C的模式。此外，据媒体报道，中行7月份在杭州的一次电子商务产品路演中，透露其电商战略将放在电子商务云服务方面。今年4月，民生银行(600016,股吧)、包商银行、哈尔滨银行牵头成立了“亚洲金融联盟”，其中一项重要目标就是联合联盟成员建立电子商务平台，对抗新兴金融体。

It is reported,In addition to the construction bank,Has the bank has set up a file in the itch to try.Handing in travel make e-commerce platform -"Pay fair"In the near future also to customers in succession open,One of the commodity house is the B2C mode.In addition,According to media reports,Bank of China in July in hangzhou a e-commerce products in road shows,Reveal its electric business strategy will be put on the electronic commerce cloud services.In April this year,Minsheng bank(600016,guba)/Contractor bank/Harbin bank lead established"The Asian financial alliance",One of the important goal is to unite union members to establish e-commerce platform,Against emerging financial body.

　　互联网金融是未来的发展方向之一，已经毋庸置疑。近日，中国平安(601318,股吧)上半年经营业绩说明会上，中国平安董事长马明哲证实，平安正与阿里巴巴、腾讯共同投资申报成立一家互联网金融企业，尝试通过互联网向保险业大举扩张。

The Internet finance is one of future developing trends,Has been unquestionable.recently,China peace(601318,guba)The operating performance in the first half of that meeting,China peace chairman Mr Ma confirmed,Peace is with alibaba/Tencent joint investment to set up a declaration of the Internet financial enterprise,Try to through the Internet to the insurance industry expanding aggressively.

　　中投公司副总经理谢平也做出预判，20年后，可能形成一个既不同于商业银行的间接融资，也不同于资本市场直接融资的第三种金融运行机制，可称之为“互联网直接融资市场”或“互联网金融模式”

Cic deputy general manager XiePing also make anticipation,Twenty years later,May form a is different from commercial Banks of indirect financing,Is different from the capital market financing directly the third kind of financial operation mechanism,Can call"The Internet direct financing market"or"The Internet financial mode"

　　在电商观察家鲁振旺看来，电商发展空间已经有限，金融的发展价值更大，但互联网企业“触金”关键要看国家政策，如果国内的信贷体系较完善的话，阿里的生存空间就比较有限。

In the electrical contractor observers LuZhenWang looks,Electric business development space has been limited,The development of more financial value,But the Internet enterprise"Touch gold"The key to see national policy,If the domestic credit system more perfect words,Ali's living space is limited.