——财政金融积极应对国际金融危机冲击五年工作综述

- financial positive to deal with the international financial crisis impact in five years

　　蔡金荣

CaiJinRong

　　中国财经报网 2013-01-15 08:00:16

China finance newspaper net 08:00:16 2013-01-15

　　2012年已然过去，应对国际金融危机工作也走过了第五个年头。五年来，财政金融工作立足财政职能，紧贴金融市场，深入分析经济金融领域的热点难点问题，创新理念，积极探索，财政金融和外国政府贷款管理工作取得了许多新的进展和突破。

In 2012, has in the past,To deal with the international financial crisis work through the fifth year.Five years,Financial work based on financial functions,Close to financial markets,In-depth analysis of the hotspot in the field of economic and financial difficulties,Innovative concept,Actively explore,Finance and foreign government loans management made a lot of new development and breakthrough.

以“支持薄弱”为重点，推动“支农支小”工作取得新突破 to"Support weak"As the key,promote"Support a small"Have made new breakthrough

　　金融发展的根基是实体经济，离开实体经济，金融就会成为无源之水、无本之木。五年来，财政金融工作着力支持实体经济发展，尤其是支持“三农”、小微企业等经济薄弱环节的发展，充分发挥财政资金“四两拨千斤”的杠杆作用，取得了预期的政策效果。

The foundation of financial development is the real economy,Away from the real economy,Financial will be water without a source/like.Five years,Financial work to support the real economy,Especially the support"Agriculture, countryside and farmers"/Small micro enterprise economic development of the weak links,Give full play to the financial capital"Four two dial one thousand jins"The leverage of,Get the desired policy effect.

　　财政促进金融“支农”机制不断完善。财政金融工作着力从农村实际出发，找准财政与金融的结合点，先后实施了中央财政农业保险保费补贴、县域金融机构涉农贷款增量奖励、农村金融机构定向费用补贴等一系列财政奖补政策，从鼓励金融机构设立网点、增加信贷投放、防范农业风险等多角度破解农村金融难题，引导金融资源“下沉”农村、反哺“三农”，一定程度上缓解了农村金融薄弱的状况，得到了广大农民的热烈欢迎。尤为可喜的是，作为财政支农方式的一项创新，农业保险工作取得了突破性进展，五年来，中央财政累计投入农业保险保费补贴资金340亿元，带动参保农户约7亿户次，提供风险保障超过2.3万亿元，中央财政资金支农效应放大60多倍。

Financial promotion of financial"support"Mechanism constantly improve.Finance to work from the rural reality,Alignment fiscal and financial combining site,Implemented the central fiscal agricultural insurance premium subsidies/County financial institutions agriculture loan increment reward/Rural financial institutions directional charge subsidy and so on a series of CaiZhengJiang complement policy,From to encourage financial institutions set up network/Increase credit availability/To prevent the risk of agriculture from multiple perspectives, such as crack rural financial problems,Guide financial resources"sink"rural/feedback"Agriculture, countryside and farmers",To a certain extent, alleviate the weakness of the rural financial condition,Get the majority of farmers' warm welcome.The good news is particularly,As a way of fiscal support for a innovation,Agricultural insurance has made breakthrough progress,Five years,The central financial accumulated into agricultural insurance premium subsidies capital of 34 billion yuan,Drive the ginseng protect farmers about 700 million HuCi,Provide risk guarantee more than 2.3 trillion yuan,The central fiscal funds support effect amplification sixty many times.

　　财政促进金融“支小”手段日益丰富。为破解小微企业的融资困境，2008年以来，一方面，财政金融工作积极支持融资性担保体系建设，按照“规范和发展并重”的原则，研究明确融资性担保行业发展的基本原则、总体目标等事项，支持担保机构为小微企业提供“量身定做”的担保服务，解决银行放贷的“后顾之忧”；另一方面，积极研究降低小微企业的融资成本，通过实施小额担保贷款贴息等政策，减轻劳动密集型小企业的利息负担，扶持弱势群体创业再就业，取得了较好的社会效益。五年来，中央财政累计投入资金151.32亿元，带动发放小额担保贷款2528亿元，按照人均贷款5万元测算，可直接扶持超过500万人创业就业，在有力支持小微企业发展的基础上，有效缓解了地方就业压力。

Financial promotion of financial"A small"Means increasingly rich.For solving small micro enterprise financing difficulties,Since 2008,On the one hand,Financial work actively support financing guarantee system construction,According to the"Pay equal attention to standardize and develop"principle,Clear the financing guarantee the basic principle of the development of the industry/The overall goal, etc,To support guarantee agencies for small micro enterprise provide"tailored"Warranty service,To solve the bank lending"Trouble back at home";On the other hand,Study actively reduce small micro enterprise financing cost,Through the implementation of small assure loan discount policy, etc,Reduce labor intensive small interest burden,Support disadvantaged groups venture again obtain employment,Achieved good social benefits.Five years,The central financial accumulative total investment capital is 15.132 billion yuan,Drive the issue small assure loan 252.8 billion yuan,According to the loan of 50000 RMB per capita measure,Can be directly support more than 5 million employment,In the strong support small micro enterprise based on the development of,Effectively relieve the local employment pressure.

　以“改革改制”为动力，推动金融改革取得新成果 to"Restructuring reform"As the power,Promote financial reform made new achievements

　　本轮国际金融危机暴露出，金融机构公司治理薄弱会带来巨大的“破坏性”，这使得深化我国金融机构改革的任务显得尤为紧迫。2008年以来，根据国务院的统一部署，财政金融工作进一步加大对国有金融机构改革的支持力度，金融机构股权结构和公司治理不断完善，资产质量和风险管控能力显著提高。

This international financial crisis exposed,Financial institutions weak corporate governance will bring huge"destructive",This makes the deepening the reform of China's financial institutions is very urgent task.Since 2008,According to the state council unified deployment,Financial work further intensify the reform of state-owned financial institutions to support,Financial institutions equity structure and corporate governance continuous improvement,The asset quality and risk control ability improved significantly.

　　推动国有金融机构改革改制。近年来，财政金融工作积极支持国有重点金融机构改革改制。例如，按照“面向三农”原则，推进农业银行(601288,股吧)实施股份制改造，成功实现了五大国有银行股改上市目标；按照“市场化”原则，推进国家开发银行转型为商业银行；按照“一司一策”原则，推进金融资产管理公司商业化转型；按照“整合创新”原则，推进人保集团、太平集团、中信集团、光大集团等大型国有金融机构改革。通过改革改制，国有金融机构初步建立了现代法人治理结构，盈利能力不断增强，经营管理和风险控制能力显著提高，抵御外部冲击的能力大幅提升，为有效应对金融危机冲击和服务经济社会发展，做出了积极的贡献。

Promote the reform of the reform of state-owned financial institutions.In recent years,Financial work actively support state-owned key financial institution reform restructuring.Such as,According to the"For agriculture, countryside and farmers"principle,Promoting agricultural bank(601288,guba)Implementation of the shareholding system reform,Achieve the five major state-owned Banks listed on the other goal;According to the"marketization"principle,Promote the state development bank transformation for commercial bank;According to the"A company for a"principle,To promote financial asset management company commercial transformation;According to the"Integration innovation"principle,Propulsion insurer group/Peace group/Citic group/Everbright group and other large state-owned financial institution reform.Through the reform changes the system,State-owned financial institutions to set up the modern corporate governance structure,To enhance profitability,Management and risk control ability improved significantly,External shocks ability improved significantly,To effectively cope with the financial crisis impact of economic and social development and services,To make a positive contribution.

　　构建市场化的金融风险处置体系。财政部门主动参与金融风险的防范和化解。为此，近年来，财政金融工作按照“取之于市场、用之于市场”的原则，积极健全完善证券投资者保护基金、保险保障基金和期货投资者保障基金等市场化的金融风险处置机制。

Construction market financial risk disposal system.The financial department of the active participation of the guard against and defuse financial risks.therefore,In recent years,According to the financial work"Take to the market/In the market"principle,Actively perfect securities investor protection fund/Insurance funds and futures investor protection fund market, such as the financial risk disposal mechanism.

以“精细管理”为导向，推动资产财务管理取得新进展 to"Fine management"As the guidance,Promote assets finance management have made new progress

　　随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的不断深化，财政金融管理的各项工作也随之发展完善。近年来，财政金融工作立足公共财政职能，以“科学化、精细化管理”为导向，不断强化国有金融资产和金融企业财务管理，通过“抓资产”和“管财务”相结合，确保国有金融资产保值增值，稳步提升金融业的综合实力。

Along with the socialist market economic system reform unceasing deepening,Financial management of the work will be developed.In recent years,Financial work based on public finance function,to"scientific/Fine management"As the guidance,Continuously strengthen state-owned financial assets and financial enterprise financial management,Through the"Grab assets"and"Tube financial"combined,Ensure that state-owned financial assets,Steadily improve the comprehensive strength of the financial industry.

　　抓好国有金融资产管理。目前，我国国有金融机构有2700多家，持有的国有金融资产规模接近5万亿元，管好这些规模庞大的国有金融资产，是“维护国家金融安全”的重要前提和基础。为此，财政金融工作始终坚持“维护出资人权益”的原则，一方面，认真抓好“入口”，扎实做好国有金融资产产权登记等基础工作，真真正正做到摸清家底，全面掌握国有金融资产的总量情况，以及地区、行业的分布情况；另一方面，认真管好“出口”，扎实规范国有金融资产评估和产权转让行为，使国有金融资产价值能够得到真实客观的反映，使国有金融资产转让能够做到有序合规的操作。

Pays special attention to the state-owned financial asset management.At present,China's state-owned financial institutions more than 2700,Holdings of state-owned financial asset scale of nearly 5 trillion yuan RMB,Manage the large state-owned financial assets,is"To safeguard national financial security"The important premise and basis.therefore,Financial work always adhere to"Maintenance as well as rights"principle,On the one hand,Seriously pays special attention to the"entrance",Solid financial asset to the state-owned property right is registered and other basic work,It is really of resources,A comprehensive grasp of the total amount of state-owned financial assets situation,And regional/The distribution of industry;On the other hand,Serious mind"export",Solid standard state-owned financial assets evaluation and property rights transfer behavior,Make state-owned financial assets value can get true reflection of the objective,Make state-owned financial assets transfer can do orderly compliance operation.

　　抓实金融企业财务管理。为引导金融机构支持“薄弱环节”，研究放宽了中小企业和涉农不良贷款核销条件，提高金融机构对中小企业和涉农不良贷款的容忍度，增加中小企业和涉农贷款投放；针对部分金融机构“追求规模”倾向，研究建立了金融企业绩效评价体系，将发展质量、风险控制纳入考核范围，引导金融机构树立科学的“发展观”、“绩效观”。

Emphasizing the financial enterprise financial management.In order to guide financial institutions to support"Weak link",Research broadened small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture non-performing loans cancel after verification conditions,Improve financial institutions to small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture non-performing loans tolerance,Increase the small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture loan on the;In view of the partial financial institutions"Pursuit of scale"tendency,Study and establish the financial enterprise performance evaluation system,Will develop quality/Risk control into the scope of assessment,Guide financial institutions to set up scientific"development"/"Concept of performance".

　　以“引资引智”为使命，推动财金交流工作再上新台阶

to"Conference and"As the mission,I.an promote communication work to go into another new step

　　本轮国际金融危机爆发于美国、蔓延至欧洲，发生危机的许多国家是我们争取优惠资金、开展对外交流合作的对象国。面对复杂多变的国内外经济形势，财政金融工作立足发展中国家定位，把握机遇，遵循“以我为主、互利共赢”的合作理念，不断深化拓展与外方的交流合作，积极引进优惠资金服务国内经济发展大局。

This international financial crisis in the United States/Spread to Europe,The crisis in many countries is we strive to offer money/Conducting external exchanges DuiXiangGuo cooperation.Facing the complicated and diversified economic situation at home and abroad,Financial work based on developing countries positioning,Grasp the opportunity,follow"Based on/Mutual benefit and win-win results"Idea of cooperation,,With the deepening development of the communication and cooperation,Actively introduce preferential financial service domestic economic development situation.

　　积极稳定外国政府贷款规模。近年来，一方面，积极开展对外磋商谈判，维护我作为发展中国家应享有的权益，保持贷款规模的基本稳定。另一方面，积极顺应双边合作领域的发展变化，紧紧围绕“调结构”的宏观调控导向，引导资金向节能减排、资源节约等领域倾斜，提高资金在中西部欠发达地区的比重，促进经济社会协调可持续发展。

Positive stable foreign government loans scale.In recent years,On the one hand,Actively carry out foreign consultation talks,Protect me as a developing country should enjoy rights,Maintain the basic stability of the size of the loan.On the other hand,Actively conform to the bilateral cooperation in the development of the field,Closely around"Adjustable structure"The macroeconomic regulation and control guide,Direct funds to energy conservation and emissions reduction/Resource conservation etc tilt,Improve the funds in the proportion of the less developed areas,To promote economic and social sustainable development.

　　强化外国政府贷款项目管理。外方优惠资金不仅要“引得来”，更要“用得好”。近年来，在开展外国政府贷款管理工作中，逐步“从合规管理向效益管理”转变，一方面，不断强化外国政府贷款内控机制建设，做好贷款资金各环节的管理，切实落实财政部门、转贷银行、采购公司及项目单位的责任。另一方面，坚持“引资与引智并举”，将引进优惠资金与引进先进技术、引进管理智慧和引进发展理念等“智力”因素有机结合起来，通过一个项目带动一个企业甚至是一个行业的发展，充分发挥贷款项目的“辐射效应”。

Strengthen the foreign government loans in project management.Foreign preferential capital should not only"Index to",more"With good".In recent years,In developing foreign government loans management work,gradually"To benefit from the compliance management"change,On the one hand,Continuously strengthen the foreign government loans in the construction of internal control mechanism,Loan funds to each link of the management,Earnestly implement the financial department/Onlend bank/Purchasing company and the responsibility of the project units.On the other hand,Adhere to the"Investment and engineering simultaneously",Will introduce preferential funds and the introduction of advanced technology/Management wisdom and introduce development idea, etc"intelligence"The organic combination of factors,Through a project leading one enterprise or even a industry development,Give full play to the loan programs"Radiation effect".