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　　李辉报道

Li reported

　　今年全国“两会”期间，如何引导民间资本健康发展，解决中小企业融资难成为政协委员们热议的话题。他们纷纷表示，给民间金融正名，立法规范民间资本发展，多渠道引导民间投资，有利于缓解中小企业融资难问题，将推动民营经济的发展。

Across the country this year"The two sessions"During the period,How to guide the healthy development of private capital,Solve the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficulties Chinese people's political consultative conference committee members become hot topic.They have said,Justify the folk financial,Legislation to regulate private capital development,Through various channels to guide private investment,To ease the small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult problem,To promote the development of private economy.

民间资本呼唤阳光化 Private capital calling upon the sun

　　今年的政府工作报告提出，现阶段，投资在促进经济增长中的作用不可低估。我国既有投资能力，又有投资需求，关键在于选准方向、优化结构、提高投资的质量和效益。政府投资对社会投资具有十分重要的导向作用，但占全社会投资的比重越来越小，必须进一步放宽民间投资市场准入，激发民间投资活力。

This year's government work report,At this stage,The role of investment in promoting economic growth should not be underestimated.Both investment capacity in our country,And investment demand,Is the key to choose the direction/Optimize the structure of/Improve the quality and efficiency of investment.Government investment investment has important guiding role to the society,But accounted for the proportion of investment in the whole society is more and more small,To further relax the folk investment market access,Stimulate private investment in energy.

　　全国政协委员、九三学社云南省委主委曾华表示：“在中国，民间资本经过长期积累，已达到相当规模。但长期以来，一些垄断行业、特殊行业拒民间资本于大门之外，使民间资本流动空间受到大幅挤压，民间资本的增值受到影响和限制。”

The CPPCC national committee/Jiusan society of yunnan provincial party committee chairperson Ceng Hua said:"In China,,Through long-term accumulation of private capital,Has reached a quite scale.But for a long time,Some monopoly industries/Shut out private capital in special industry,Make folk capital flows space is being squeezed from sharp,Private capital value-added is affected and restricted."

　　“近年来，由于受经济增速趋缓及国际经济金融形势的影响，资金供应较为紧张，民间资本借贷市场十分活跃。”曾华表示，由于我国民间金融一直徘徊在正规金融体系之外，处于自发地、半地下、半隐蔽状态，并常伴着高利贷、洗钱、非法集资等违法行为，使民间资本借贷为核心的民间金融市场偏离了健康的发展轨道。

"In recent years,Due to the economic growth is slowing and the impact of international economic and financial situation,The money supply is more nervous,Private capital lending market is very active."Ceng Hua said,Because our country folk finance has been hovering outside the formal financial system,In the spontaneous/A half underground/Half hidden states,And often with usury/Money laundering/Illegal fund raising and illegal behavior,Make the folk capital as the core of the folk lending to financial market away from the healthy development track.

　　在全国政协委员、湖南大学资本市场研究中心主任戴晓凤教授看来，由于缺乏法律保障，目前国内的民间借贷风险完全要靠自身来消化，因此造成了极大的不可预测性，它必须通过高利润、高利率来弥补可能遭遇的风险。事实上，一些民间借贷的平均利润可能并不比银行的利润高。

In the CPPCC national committee/Professor of hunan university, director of the center for capital markets Dai Xiaofeng appears,Because of the lack of legal protection,At present domestic folk lending risk should rely on themselves to absorb completely,Thus caused great unpredictability,It must be profitable/High interest rates to compensate for the risk of risk.In fact,,Some folk lending an average of profits may not be higher than bank profits.

　　曾华表示，对民间资本的逐步引导、规范应用、在中国进行金融创新，已成为有识之士的共识。2010年5月7日，国务院发布《关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若干意见》（“新36条”），进一步为民间资本的出路拓宽道路，再次明确给予民间资本以“国民待遇”，要求“各类投资主体同等对待，不得单对民间资本设置附加条件”。 近年来，许多行业回应声不断。民间资本的规范利用和金融创新，成为一个社会热点。

Ceng Hua said,Step by step guide to private capital/Application specification/Financial innovation in China,Has become the consensus of people.On May 7, 2010,Promulgated by the state council[On encouraging and guiding the healthy development of private investment in some opinions]("The new 36"),Further way to broaden the road for private capital,Clear to give private capital to again"National treatment",requirements"All kinds of investment subject,Shall not set additional conditions to private capital". In recent years,Many industry in response to sound.The specification of the folk capital utilization, and financial innovation,Become a social hot spot.

　　对于民间资本的“合法身份”问题，曾华建议：一是制定一部金融法，其内容包括给民间金融正名，让民间金融“阳光化”。二是早日制定《放贷人条例》和《民间借贷法》等，对民间金融加以规范。界定民间金融的营运方式、经营范围、违法责任等，引导民间金融机构走向法制化轨道。三是全面落实“新36条”精神，真正实现中国经济建设的各个领域对民间资本的逐步开放。四是逐步消除正规金融和民间金融的市场分割，加快利率市场化的进程。五是探索创新民间金融监管的新方式。“给民间金融正名，规范引导，辅之以金融创新，方能有效规避金融风险。”曾华表示。

For private capital"Legal status"The problem,Ceng Hua advice:One is to develop a financial law,Its content includes justify the folk financial,Make private financial"sunlight".The second is set at an early date[Lenders ordinance]and[Private lending method], etc.,The folk financial regulation.Define the folk financial operating mode/Scope of business/Illegal responsibility etc.,Guide the private financial institutions to legalized track.Three is the full implementation"The new 36"The spirit,Achieve the various fields of China's economic construction gradually opening up to private capital.Four is gradually eliminate the formal financial and private financial market segmentation,Accelerate the process of marketization of interest rates.Five is to explore new ways of innovation of folk financial supervision and regulation."Justify the folk financial,Specification guide,Supplemented by financial innovation,Can effectively evade the financial risk."Ceng Hua said.

　缓解中小企业融资难 Ease the small and medium enterprises financing difficulties

　　“民营经济是民生经济、富民经济，是实现"中国梦"的重要推动力量。”全国政协委员、全国工商联主席王钦敏表示，要使发展成果更多更公平地惠及广大人民，就必须发展好民营经济，为民营经济培育更加肥沃的生存土壤。

"Private economy is the livelihood of the people/Prosperous economy,Is to achieve"The Chinese dream"One of the important driving force."The CPPCC national committee/Chairman of the all-china federation of industry Wang Qinmin said,To make the development more and more fair to benefit the masses of the people,Must be good development of private economy,Survival of private economy developing more fertile soil.

　　但作为民营经济主力军的中小微企业，却一直面临融资难、融资贵的问题，一定程度上制约了中小微企业的发展。

But as a private economy mainstay of micro, small and medium enterprises,Has faced with financing difficulties/Financing your problem,To some extent, restricted the development of micro, small and medium enterprises.

　　“中小微企业融资难、融资贵是一个老大难问题，迄今仍没有找到有效的解决办法。”全国政协委员、安徽省政协副主席李卫华表示，安徽省工商联的一项抽样调查显示，89%的民营企业有资金缺口，不少企业资金缺口达到30%以上。这就形成了一个怪现象，一方面是规模庞大的民间资本难以进入主流金融体系，一方面是大量中小企业融资难。

"Micro, small and medium enterprises financing difficulties/Financing is a notoriously difficult,So far still no find effective solutions."The CPPCC national committee/Said Li Weihua, vice President of anhui people's political consultative conference,Anhui provincial federation of industry and a sampling survey,89% of the private enterprises has a funding gap,Many companies funding gap of 30% or more.This has formed a strange phenomenon,On the one hand, is a large private capital to enter the mainstream financial system,On the one hand, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficulties.

　　李卫华认为，融资难、融资贵问题的背后是金融体制改革滞后，银行业的垄断地位僵固。目前，我国称之为银行的机构只有300多家，而美国以银行命名的机构有8500多家。解决问题关键在于降低准入、打破银行业的垄断，逐步形成“大银行服务大企业、中银行服务中企业、小银行服务小企业”的行业格局。

Li Weihua think,Financing difficulties/Financing your problems behind the financial system reform lags behind,Banking monopoly inflexible.At present,Called the bank only more than 300 institutions of our country,And agencies from the United States named after bank of more than 8500.Problem solving is the key to reduce the access/Broke the monopoly of the Banks,Gradually formed"The big enterprises and banking services/The bank service in the enterprise/Small banking services to small businesses"The industry pattern of.

　　“中小金融机构与小微企业的联系比大型金融机构更为紧密，在发现目标客户、识别优质信贷客户上有天然优势，能够弥补大型金融机构由于信息不对称而不愿进入的低端市场。解决点多面广的小微企业融资难，从根本上说还是要建立民间资本与中小微企业有效对接的机制，大力发展地方、中小金融机构。”李卫华表示，民营金融机构的加快发展可以进一步丰富和完善金融组织体系的内在结构，强化金融市场竞争，提高金融资源配置的效率，促使金融组织、金融市场的结构发生革命性的变化，进而极大地缩小金融组织结构与经济结构的不对称、不匹配程度，使金融体系对经济和社会的适应性、辐射面和渗透力更趋强化，金融的功能得到更加有效地释放。

"Small and medium-sized financial institutions to small micro enterprise linked more closely than large financial institutions,Target customers have been found/Identification on good credit customers have natural advantages,Can make up for large financial institutions due to information asymmetry and reluctant to enter the low-end market.To solve some more side wide small micro enterprise financing difficulties,Basically is to establish the folk capital and effective docking mechanism of micro, small and medium enterprises,To develop the local/Small and medium-sized financial institutions."Li Weihua said,To speed up the development of private financial institutions to further enrich and perfect the interior structure of financial organization system,Strengthen the financial competition in the market,Improve the efficiency of financial resource allocation,Encourage financial organization/The revolutionary changes in the structure of financial markets,Thus greatly reduce the asymmetry of financial structure and economic structure/Don't match,Make the financial system to economic and social adaptability/Radiating surface and penetration more hasten is intense,The financial release function more effectively.

　　全国政协委员、亿利资源集团董事长王文彪表示，国家应该继续鼓励和引导更多的民间资本发展金融业，特别是加快发展中小银行、社区银行以及中小企业直接融资平台，构建“大对大、小对小”的金融服务体系，实现民营企业和中小企业的可持续发展。

The CPPCC national committee/Yili Wang Wenbiao resources group chairman said,Countries should continue to encourage and guide the folk capital more development of the financial sector,Speed up the development of small and medium-sized Banks in particular/Community Banks and small and medium-sized enterprise direct financing platform,build"Great for/Small to small"The financial service system,Realize the sustainable development of private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises.

多渠道引导民间投资 Through various channels to guide private investment

　　“近年来，受原材料价格和人力成本不断攀升、外需不振等因素影响，出现了实体经济不赚钱，投资制造业意愿下降的现象。”全国政协委员、正泰集团董事长南存辉表示，要破解实体经济不赚钱，实现从“制造大国”向“制造强国”的转变，就要认真贯彻落实党的十八大报告提出的“牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础，实行更有利于实体经济发展的政策措施”要求，激发民间投资活力，促进实体经济发展。

"In recent years,The price of raw materials and rising labor costs/In external factors, such as impact,The real economy is not to make money,Investment in manufacturing will drop phenomenon."The CPPCC national committee/Chint group chairman NaCunHui said,To solve the real economy is not to make money,from"Manufacturing power"To the"Manufacturing power"Transformation of the,To seriously implement the party's eighteen big report"Firmly grasp the development of the real economy, a solid foundation,A more policies and measures conducive to the development of the real economy"requirements,Stimulate private investment in energy,Promote the development of real economy.

　　南存辉建议，在浙江等民营经济比较发达的省份设立民间投资创新示范区，下放部分审批权，推广民间投资项目备案制，切实提高行政效能；发挥政府产业引导职能，避免盲目投资和重复建设；允许在金融、铁路、能源等领域先行突破，降低行业准入门槛，激发民间投资活力。加快金融体制改革，允许多种主体参与金融市场竞争，促进金融资源市场化配置，降低实体经济融资成本；鼓励支持民资发起设立股权投资基金、互助合作基金、互助周转基金，支持中小企业发行集合债券，吸纳民资投入实体经济，缓解中小企业融资难；探索中小企业中长期贷款财政补贴机制，解决困扰中小企业的“短贷长投”问题；集中民资力量，推进产业转型升级，促进实体经济健康发展。

NaCunHui advice,Establish in the private economy more developed provinces such as zhejiang private investment in innovation demonstration zone,Delegate part approvals,Promoting private investment in the project records,To improve the administrative efficiency;Government industry guide function into full play,Avoid haphazard investment and redundant construction;Allowed in the financial/The railway/Leading energy breakthroughs,Reduce the industry barriers to entry,Stimulate private investment in energy.We will accelerate reform of the financial system,Allows multiple main body in financial market competition,Promote the marketization of financial resource allocation,Reduce the real economy financing cost;Encourage support for what was to launch equity funds/Mutual cooperation fund/Mutual revolving fund,Support for small and medium-sized enterprise set bond issued,Absorb what is put into the real economy,Ease the small and medium enterprises financing difficulties;Medium - and long-term loans of small and medium-sized enterprises financial subsidy mechanism,Solve the problems of small and medium-sized enterprises"Short and lend long shot"The problem;Focus on what the strength,Promoting industrial transformation and upgrading,Promote the healthy development of real economy.

　　全国政协委员、北京银行(601169,股吧)董事长闫冰竹表示，小额贷款公司是在国家放宽农村金融准入政策，完善农村金融体系的背景下应运而生的，其在一定程度上有效弥补了传统金融机构对“三农”和小微企业金融服务的不足，对地方经济发展起到积极作用，国家应该鼓励引导民间资本进入小额信贷领域，弥补小额贷款公司资金缺口的同时提升民间资本的利用效率。

The CPPCC national committee/Bank of Beijing(601169,stocks)The chairman 闫冰 bamboo said,Small loan company is widening access to rural financial policies in countries,Perfect rural financial system under the background of arises at the historic moment,It is effective to some extent make up for the traditional financial institutions"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers"And small micro enterprise financial services,Play a positive role for local economic development,Countries should be encouraged to guide private capital into the field of microfinance,Make up for the small loan company funds gap and improve the use efficiency of folk capital.

　　全国政协委员、深交所理事长陈东征则建议，政府有关部门从国家发展战略的高度，考虑通过制定政策引导巨大的民间资本投资于中小板和创业板，以实现民间资本对实体经济发展的支持。“深交所在8年来，中小企业板、创业板的上市公司已有1000多家，总投资大约8000多亿。虽然我们在资本市场走这条路时付出过一些代价，但从总体成效来看，这是一条切实可行的路，是利大于弊的路，是值得努力探索的路。”

The CPPCC national committee/Director of the shenzhen stock exchange of Chen Dongzheng is recommended,Relevant government departments from the height of the national development strategy,Consider policies to guide the huge private capital investment in small and medium-sized board and gem,In order to realize the folk capital support for economy development."The shenzhen stock exchange in eight years,Small and medium-sized enterprises board/The gem listed company has more than 1000,With a total investment of about 8000.Although we walk this road in the capital markets to pay some cost,But from the overall effect,This is a feasible way,Is not do more harm than good,Is worth trying to explore."