我国加工贸易行业目前面临着较为严峻复杂的形势，接到国外订单是国内外贸加工企业在如此困境中梦寐以求的事情。然而，国内外贸加工企业对于国外委托方的订单“照单全收”，往往忽略了对国外委托方知识产权状况的审核工作，并且通常认为加工的产品如果涉嫌知识产权侵权所造成的责任是由国外委托方负责，与自己无关。如此知识产权意识薄弱，导致近年来国内企业在产品出口报关时屡屡被海关查扣，面临知识产权侵权的风险。

Processing trade industry in China are now facing a more serious complicated situation,Receive foreign order is the domestic foreign trade processing enterprises in such a dilemma dream of things.however,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises for foreign clients order"Accept according to the order",Often ignore the foreign clients intellectual property status of audit work,And usually think processing products if the alleged infringement of intellectual property rights caused by foreign clients responsibility is responsible for,And oneself have nothing to do.So weak awareness of intellectual property rights,Cause in recent years the domestic enterprise in the product during export declaration at the customs check and detain by repeatedly,Faced with the risk of infringement of intellectual property rights.

　　“照单全收”吃苦果

"Accept according to the order"Eat bitter

　　“能接到订单挺不容易的，也就没多想，还以为照着国外来的订单一五一十地做出来就行了，没想到会侵犯知识产权，不仅货出不去了，我们企业还要被处罚甚至海关备案信用降级。”面对“照单全收”生产的1000多台发电机组全部涉嫌侵犯“ASTARA”商标权而被海关查扣的结果，日前浙江一企业负责人显得有些无奈。

"Can we receive your order is not easy,They also didn't want to think more,Thought as foreign to order to lay it on the line to line,I didn't know I would infringe intellectual property rights,Not only cargo out not to go,Our enterprise will be punished even customs record credit degradation."In the face of"Accept according to the order"The production of more than 1000 sets of generating set all suspected of infringing"ASTARA"Trademark is the result of the customs check and detain,Zhejiang has a enterprise controller appears some helpless.

　　原来，该企业在接收外国订单时，未确认要生产货物的知识产权是否已得到权利人的授权，就按照订单的要求生产了标有“ASTRA”标识的汽油发电机组，结果1164台发电机组在申报出口时，因涉嫌侵犯“ASTARA”商标权被宁波北仑海关截获，侵权价值高达2084.08万元。

The original,This enterprise in receiving foreign order,Not sure you want to produce goods of intellectual property rights has been whether the authorisation of the holder,In accordance with the requirements of the order is marked with the production"ASTRA"Identification of gasoline generating set,Results 1164 sets of generator set in the export declaration,Because of suspected of infringing"ASTARA"Trademark is ningbo beilun customs intercepted,Tort value as high as 20.8408 million yuan.

　　无独有偶，前不久大连某公司委托宁波某报关企业向海关申报出口一批货物，申报金额为4.3万美元。北仑海关在进行查验时，发现出口的缝纫机上全部印有“TOPBUTTER鄄FLY”商标及图形，涉嫌知识产权侵权因而予以查扣。

similarly,Not long ago a dalian company entrusts a ningbo customs declaration enterprise declare to the customs export a batch of goods,Declare the amount of $43000.Beilun customs in the inspection,Found on the export of sewing machine with all"The precise CNC coiling TOPBUTTER FLY"Trademark and graphics,Alleged infringement of intellectual property rights and shall check and detain.

　　“本公司使用的商标是‘TOP鄄BUTTERFLY’，与‘BUTTERFLY‘并不一样，怎么会涉嫌侵权呢？”货主刘先生十分不解。北仑海关有关负责人解释说，实际上并不是只有与注册商标或图形完全一致的情况才构成侵权。该公司在缝纫机上使用的“TOPBUTTERFLY”商标及图形和权利人在海关备案的“BUTTER鄄FLY”及图形近似，根据我国商标法的相关规定，已构成了侵犯注册商标专用权的行为。

"The company of the use of the trademark is‘The precise CNC coiling TOP butterfly’,and‘butterfly‘Are not the same,How can suspect?"The owner liu looked puzzled.Beilun customs officials explained,Actually not only with the registered trademark or graphics completely consistent to constitute infringement.The company in the use of the sewing machine"TOPbutterfly"Trademark and graphics and the holder of the record of the customs"The precise CNC coiling BUTTER FLY"And graphics approximate,According to the relevant provisions of the trademark law,Already constitute the exclusive use of a registered trademark infringement behavior.

　　外贸加工频侵权

The foreign trade processing frequency tort

　　这种情况在北仑海关查获的案件当中已不是第一次出现。据统计，今年截至10月，北仑海关共查获涉嫌侵权案件1099起，比去年同期增长12%，查扣涉嫌侵权货物约3933万件，确权价值高达1.26亿元。这其中，国内外贸加工企业由于忽略了对国外委托方所要加工品牌的知识产权状况进行审核而导致侵权的情况也占到了一定比例。

This kind of situation in beilun customs seized of the case has not appeared for the first time.According to the statistics,As of October this year,,Beilun customs seized a total of 1099 cases of suspected infringement cases,Than last year the corresponding period grows 12%,Check and detain suspected infringing goods about 39.33 million pieces,Counterpoising truly value as high as 126 million yuan.the,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises because it has neglected the to foreign clients to processing brand of intellectual property rights situation of audit and lead to infringement is up to a certain proportion.

　　不仅仅是北仑海关查获了大量此类案件，其他海关近年来也查获了不少类似案件。此前，中山海关就曾查获过类似的案例：中山某电器有限公司根据巴基斯坦外商要求，为其生产了1600台电烤箱，并根据其提供的货物外包装和标签的图样，在电烤箱上标注了“NATIONALGOLD”标识。结果在申报出口时被中山海关查获。经权利人松下电器产业株式会社书面确认，这批电烤箱侵犯了其在海关总署备案的“NATIONAL”商标专用权。

Not only is beilun customs seized a large number of such cases,Other customs in recent years also seized a lot of similar cases.after,Zhongshan customs has seized a similar case:Zhongshan one electric appliance co., LTD., according to the Pakistan foreign requirements,For the production of the 1600 sets of electric oven,And according to the goods packing and label pattern,In the oven on the label"nationalGOLD"identification.Results in the export declaration by zhongshan customs seized.The obligee panasonic industrial co., a written confirmation,This batch of electric oven violated its in the general administration of customs of the record"national"The exclusive right to use.

　　除此之外，今年4月初，广东某移动照明有限公司向中山海关驻中山港办事处申报出口一批相机套。经海关查验，发现货物上标有“Canon”标识，数量达1.2万个，涉嫌侵犯权利人佳能株式会社(日本)在海关总署备案的“Canon”商标专用权。

In addition,In early April this year,Guangdong one mobile lighting co., LTD to zhongshan customs office in zhongshan port declaration export a batch of camera set.The customs inspection,Found the goods with the"Canon"identification,Number of 12000,The holder of the suspected of infringing Canon corporation(Japan)In the general administration of customs of the record"Canon"The exclusive right to use.

　　上海海关也曾查获过此类案件。此前，杭州某工具生产企业为一家伊朗外商生产了一批手提式电钻和手提式角磨共计6610台，伊朗外商还要求在手提式电钻上标注“BOSCH”标识、在手提式电钻角磨上标注“BOOCSH”标识，并提供了货物外包装和标签的图样。该企业接到订单后完全按照客户的要求生产了货物，用客户提供的外包装和标签在自己工厂进行包装，结果在申报出口时被上海海关查获。“BOSCH”和“BOSCH”商标权利人------德国罗伯特?博世有限公司确认该批货物侵权。

Shanghai customs have seized such case.after,A hangzhou tool production enterprise for a Iran foreign production a batch of portable electric drill and portable Angle grinding a total of 6610 sets,Iran's foreign also require in the hand electric drill on the label"BOSCH"identification/In the hand electric drill grinding Angle on the label"BOOCSH"identification,And provide the goods packing and label pattern.This enterprise after we receive your order completely according to the demand of the customers produced goods,Our customers with the outer packing and label in their packaging factory,Results in the export declaration by Shanghai customs seized."BOSCH"and"BOSCH"The holder of the trademark - Germany Robert?Bosch co., LTD., confirm the goods tort.

　　侵权责任明划分

Tort liability Ming division

　　据北仑海关负责知识产权案件办理的工作人员介绍，这类侵权案的屡次发生，是由于国内外贸加工企业的知识产权保护意识较为薄弱，很多企业根本没有审核所加工品牌的知识产权状况就盲目接单、生产和申报出口。另外，国外不法客商蒙骗、甚至伪造知名品牌知识产权授权书的方式，骗取国内企业的信任。

According to beilun customs responsible for intellectual property cases for staff is introduced,This kind of infringement occurred frequently,Is due to the domestic foreign trade processing enterprise intellectual property protection consciousness is relatively weak,Many enterprises didn't review processing brand of intellectual property rights situation blind after single/Production and export declaration.In addition,Foreign illegal businessmen deceive/Even counterfeit famous brand authorization way of intellectual property rights,Diddle domestic enterprises trust.

　　不法客商为了转嫁知识产权侵权风险，会委托国外企业进行加工；而国内企业由于害怕客户流失，也很少过问委托方是否得到了权利人的正式授权。如此一来，不法客商逃过海关查处便可获得非法利益，即使被查处，我国的外贸加工企业也首当其冲地成为“代罪羔羊”。

Illegal businessmen in order to pass on intellectual property rights infringement risk,Can a foreign enterprise carry on the processing;And domestic enterprises for fear of loss of customers,Seldom ask whether the client's duly authorized holder.so,Illegal businessmen escape customs investigation can gain illegal benefits,Even if was investigated,China's foreign trade processing enterprise also bear the brunt of to become"scapegoat".

　　“在责任认定上，国内被委托方与国外委托方都要承担侵权责任。海关在发现此类侵权行为发生后，将会依照相关法律法规，对收发货人进行处罚，国内外贸加工企业在受到处罚之后，可以对国外不法客商提起民事诉讼。”南京海关法规处知识产权科副科长肖春在接受中国知识产权报记者采访时表示。

"In the responsibility identification,Domestic and abroad by the entrusting party to bear tort liability.The customs in found such infringement occurs,Will be in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations,To the consignee or consignor shall be punished,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises in the punished after,To start a civil suit illegal foreign customers."Nanjing customs FaGuiChu intellectual property branch deputy head of the office XiaoChun in accept China's intellectual property rights newspaper reporter to interview said.

　　中国科学院研究生院法律与知识产权系主任李顺德在接受本报记者采访时表示，此类案件当中国内外贸加工企业和国外委托方构成共同侵权。根据《中华人民共和国商标法》第五十二条的相关规定，国内外贸加工企业和国外委托方均已构成了侵犯注册商标专用权的行为，依法应承担相应责任，情节严重构成犯罪的，除赔偿被侵权人损失外，还应承担刑事责任。

Graduate school of Chinese academy of sciences and the law of intellectual property rights LiShunDe in accepting our newspaper reporter to interview said,In such cases the domestic foreign trade processing enterprises and foreign clients in a common tort.According to the[The trademark law of the People's Republic of China]Article 52 the relevant provisions,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises and foreign clients are already constitute the exclusive right to use a registered trademark has been infringed the behavior,According to law shall bear corresponding responsibility,If the circumstances are serious constitute a crime,In addition to compensate the infringed party outside the loss,Also shall bear criminal responsibility.

　　但是值得注意的事，我国外贸加工企业与国外不法客商作为侵权行为人，我国企业明显受到的损害较之更大。这是因为权利人一般会先追究生产者和发货人的侵权责任，即使国内外贸企业能证明是委托加工也不能免责，其没有履行对委托加工货物的知识产权状况进行审查的义务，因此仍属于共同侵权，需要承担连带责任。其次，外国不法客商往往是故意侵权理所应当要承担责任，但是往往因为跨国管辖的问题，以及他们有预谋地侵权具有各种逃避法律追究的准备，所以对其追究责任收效甚微，这样国内外贸加工企业就成为实际责任承担者。

But it is worth noting things,Our country foreign trade processing enterprises and foreign illegal businessmen as tortfeasor,Our country enterprise was clearly more than the damage.This is because the holder of the first general meeting shall be investigated for producers and consignor of tort liability,Even if the domestic foreign trade enterprise can prove processing can't exceptions,Its not to perform the processing goods of intellectual property rights in the review of the obligation,So it is still belong to common tort,Need to bear joint and several liability.secondly,Foreign illegal businessmen often is rightfully intentional tort responsibility,But often because under the jurisdiction of the international problems,And they contrived to tort has all kinds of from the law shall be investigated for preparation,So the responsibility had little effect,So the domestic foreign trade processing enterprise will become the actual responsibility undertaker.

　　除此之外，在侵权行为发生之后，国内外贸加工企业往往才发现国外委托方其实可能只是一个“皮包公司”，当权利人向侵权行为人主张权利的时候，作为侵权行为人之一的国外委托方突然销声匿迹了，那么权利人会向国内外贸加工企业主张所有权利，国内企业为此也吃尽了苦头。

In addition,In the infringement occurs later,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises often found that foreign clients actually may be just one"Shell companies",When the holder of the tortfeasor to claim on the time,As one of the tortfeasor foreign clients suddenly vanished,So to the holder of the domestic foreign trade processing enterprise all rights advocate,The domestic enterprise therefore also suffered terribly.

　　多措并举严执法

While simultaneously strict law enforcement

　　肖春表示，目前海关在日常检查中查处和发现此类侵权案件主要是通过海关布控检查和权利人举报两种形式。通过总结发现，侵犯的知识产权主要集中涉及注册商标专用权方面。

XiaoChun said,At present the customs in daily inspection and found and such infringement is mainly through the customs inspection and reporting those have been supervised the holder of the two forms.Through summarizing the found,Infringement of intellectual property rights mainly involves in the exclusive use of a registered trademark.

　　据了解，目前海关制定了多种措施帮助企业提高知识产权保护意识。虽然2003年12月修订的《中华人民共和国知识产权海关保护条例》不再要求知识产权权利人在向海关申请保护前必须进行知识产权备案，但是对某些知识产权权利人尤其是商标专用权权利人而言，备案与否有很大的差异，因为积极进行备案将有助于海关在进出口货物的监管过程中能够主动对有关知识产权实施保护。

It is understood,At present the customs made a variety of measures to help enterprises to improve awareness of ipr protection.Although in December 2003, the revised[Law of the People's Republic of China governing customs protection of intellectual property rights]No longer for the holder of the intellectual property right to the customs for protection of intellectual property rights must be carried out before the record,But for some the holder of the intellectual property right especially the exclusive right to use for holder,The record or not there is a big difference,Because the record will be helpful to carry out actively in the supervision of the customs import and export goods in the process can be active on the implementation of the protection of intellectual property rights.

　　除此之外，海关对企业实施的分类管理办法，将在一定程度上有效防止企业生产侵犯知识产权的商品。“企业分类管理办法实施后，生产侵犯知识产权的商品，还将直接影响企业在海关的分类评级，而且涉及的不仅是进出口收发货人，还包括报关企业。”北仑海关副关长潘锋介绍说，比如A类企业，进出口收发货人就要符合连续一年代理报关的货物未因侵犯知识产权而被海关没收。如果这一项违反了，该企业就要降级，不能享受A类企业在进出口环节各方面的通关便利，比如优先报关、快速验放等“VIP”待遇。若一年内有三次因进出口侵犯知识产权的货物而被海关处罚企业，企业就会被降到D类。D类企业在海关通关的任何一个环节都有可能提高成本，降低效率。

In addition,The classification of the customs on the implementation of the measures for the administration of the enterprise,Will be in a certain extent prevent enterprise production infringement of intellectual property rights of the goods."After the implementation of the measures for the administration of enterprise classification,Production of infringement of intellectual property rights of the goods,Also will have a direct impact on enterprise in customs classification rating,And involves not only the consignee or consignor of import and export,Also include customs declaration enterprise."Beilun customs deputy chief of customs PanFeng said,Such as A kind of enterprise,Import and export the consignee or consignor shall conform to the customs agents for a year of goods not for infringement of intellectual property rights and be confiscated by the customs.If this is a violation of the,This enterprise will be demoted,Can't enjoy A kind of enterprise in the import and export link all aspects of convenient customs clearance,Such as priority customs/Fast customs"VIP"treatment.If a year three times for import and export of goods which infringe intellectual property rights shall be punished by the customs enterprise,Enterprise will be to the class D.Class D enterprise in customs clearance of any link to it is possible to increase the cost,Lower efficiency.

　　据了解，如果进出口知识产权侵权货物，可能会被海关没收并处罚款，构成犯罪的，还将被追究刑事责任。报关企业在代理报关后，应要求委托人提供合法的知识产权授权文件，并认真审查报关货物的知识产权状况。若报关企业因代理侵权货物而被海关处罚的，其今后代理报关的货物将可能被海关采取更为严厉的管理措施。此管理办法涉及的不仅是进出口收发货人，还包括报关企业。

It is understood,If the import and export goods ipr infringement,May be confiscated by the customs concurrently impose a fine,Constitute a crime,Will also be shall be investigated for criminal responsibility.Customs declaration enterprise in the agency after customs clearance,Should require that the client provide legal intellectual property license file,And conscientiously review the customs clearance of goods in intellectual property rights.If the customs declaration enterprise for agency the infringing goods and the customs of the punishment,The future of the goods by the customs agents may be customs sterner management measures.The measures for the administration of the import and export involves not only the consignee or consignor,Also include customs declaration enterprise.

　　接单严审防未然

After single strict careful prevent a rainy day

　　据了解，我国外贸加工企业知识产权保护意识薄弱，没有树立健全的知识产权风险预警意识，其在签订合同之前，并没有对国外委托方的资质进行仔细地检验。这种急功近利的经营方式，使国内外贸加工企业在出口报关时自吞恶果，叫苦不迭。由此可以看出，国内外贸加工企业与不了解的国外客商签订合同时一定要慎之又慎，应当对其进行具有针对性的检查。

It is understood,Our country foreign trade processing enterprise intellectual property protection consciousness weak,Not to set up a sound intellectual property risk early warning consciousness,The before entering into a contract,And not for foreign clients of qualifications are carefully inspection.This kind of get rich quick mode of operation,Make the domestic foreign trade processing enterprises in the export customs declaration from the consequences when swallowed,Complain incessantly.We can see that,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprise and don't know foreign merchants when signing a contract must be doubly cautious,Should have the corresponding inspection.

　　“国内外贸加工企业应当树立知识产权保护意识，在与国外委托方签订委托加工合同时，应该进行知识产权风险约定，例如在合同中约定如果生产加工的产品涉嫌侵权，造成的损失由谁承担等法律问题。”肖春建议，国内外贸加工企业可以在接到国外委托方订单时，登录知识产权海关备案系统查询相关商标的海关备案情况，明确知识产权权属问题，应当要求对方提供其取得的出口国和加工地国的全年授权证明，并查询加工产品所涉及的知识产权是否在中国国家工商行政管理总局注册、注册人与授权方是否一致，确保相关货物没有侵犯知识产权。

"The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises should set up the consciousness of intellectual property protection,With foreign clients in a processing contract,Intellectual property risk should be agreed,For example, in the contract if production and processing products suspected infringement,The loss caused by the legal issues, such as who bear."XiaoChun Suggestions,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprise can be in the order from abroad,Log on intellectual property rights record system inquires the relevant customs clearance in trademark case,Clear intellectual property right problem,Shall require the other party to provide its achieved exporter and processing to the countries of the authorization certification,And query processing products involved in the intellectual property rights in China is the state administration for industry and commerce registration/Registrant and authorization party is consistent,To ensure that the goods without infringement of intellectual property rights.

　　“一方面，国内外贸加工企业应当对国外委托方的资质以及商誉进行检查，检查对方是否有过侵权劣迹，另一方面，还应当对委托加工的商标品牌进行知识产权审核，要明确委托方是否是该商标的合法持有人。如果委托方是持有人，应当要求其提供商标注册证；如果委托方是商标使用被许可人，国内外贸加工企业应要求对方提供许可合同。国内外贸加工企业接单时不要抱有侥幸心理，贪图眼前利益，应当着眼于与国外客户建立长期稳定健康的合作关系。”李顺德表示

"On the one hand,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprises in foreign countries shall be the client's qualification and goodwill for inspection,Check each other ever tort escapades,On the other hand,Should also to processing brand for intellectual property review,To clear the client is the trademark of the legitimate holders.If the client is holder,Should ask them to provide trade mark registration certificate;If the client is a trademark use licensee,The domestic foreign trade processing enterprise shall demand the other party to provide licensing contract.The domestic foreign trade processing enterprise joint single don't hold fluky mentality,Seek immediate interests,Should focus on and foreign customers to establish long-term, stable and sound relations of cooperation."LiShunDe said