给客户发货后是不是就可以对着货款说：快到账上来。其实未必，有时候也会出现“你才到账上去”的情况。在义乌，货物到港多时却不见买家提货的状况时有发生，出口商除了揪心等待外，有时还不得不支付滞港费等高额费用，面临钱货两失的风险。“因而在对外贸易中，出口商要选择信用度较高的客户，尽量用信用证这一付款方式交易。”资深外贸人士丁先生说。

To the customer after delivery whether can say to the payment for goods:Quick to account.It is not necessarily,Sometimes also can appear"You didn't to the account"In the case.In yiwu,The goods to the port of destination when it was not buyers often pick up the goods,Exporters in addition to heart waiting for,Sometimes also have to pay the railway charge high fees, etc,At risk of money goods two lost."So in her foreign trade,Exporters should choose high credit customers,As far as possible the payment by l/c transaction."Senior foreign trade personage Mr. Ding said.

　　千万里我追寻着你

Thousands of miles I search for you

　　货物滞港就像一座活火山，时不时喷发出伤人的烈焰。今年1月末时，义乌一家外贸公司的业务员余娜给巴西客户发完一批塑胶手套，收到定金后就回家过年了。春节过后，余娜却迟迟未收到剩下的货款。她向船公司咨询后得知货物早到港，只是买家一直未清关。

Cargo railway as an active volcano,Occasionally erupt to the harm of fires.1 at the end of this year,Yiwu foreign trade company salesman Yu Na send out a batch of plastic gloves to Brazil customer,Go home New Year's day after received the deposit.After the Spring Festival,Yu Na but has not yet received the remaining payment for goods.She learned that the goods back to port after consult the shipping company,Only buyers have not customs clearance.

　　余娜时不时打电话问客户货款的事，而客户却一再强调他们会尽快解决。后来客户表示公司财务出现问题，要他们再等一个星期。“客户不可能不知道货物在目的港堆放太久不仅会产生高昂费用，还会被海关拍卖。”余娜说，就像一句歌词：千万里我追寻着你，可是你却并不在意。

Yu Na occasionally make a phone call to ask the customer payment for goods,But the customer has repeatedly stressed they will be settled as soon as possible.Then the customer said the company's financial problems,Asked them to wait for a week."Customer could not be unaware (of the goods at the port of destination to pile up too long will not only result in high cost,Will be the customs auction."Yu Na said,Just like a song lyrics:Thousands of miles I search for you,But you don't mind.

　　一周后，余娜已经无法联系上客户。事情一茬接一茬，因为货值本身较低，所产生的滞港费就快要赶上货物了。船公司提醒她，再过段时间，货物就要被拍卖了。“没想到新年第一单就摊上这种事，我的热情都快被耗尽了。”余娜说。

After a week,Yu Na has been unable to contact the customer.After crops,Because of lower value itself,The railway fee was about to catch up with the goods.Shipping company remind her,In another period of time,The goods will be auctioned."New Year's first single stand on this matter,My passion is almost depleted."Yu Na said.

　　掀起滞港费的盖头来

LIDS to railway fees

　　余娜的经历并不是个例，不少外贸人都遇到过她这样的情况。去年经营食品出口生意的章先生就曾赔了夫人又折兵：出口的食品滞留目的港，最终被低价拍卖，所拍货款还不够支付在目的港产生的各项费用。

Yu Na experience is not alone,Many people met the situation of foreign trade.Last year Mr Management chapter food export business has lost a wife:Exports of food stuck at the port of destination,Has finally been low price auction,Taken payment for goods is not enough to pay all the charge in the port of destination.

　　对出口商而言，货物滞港虽不至于一剑封喉，带来致命的打击，但杀伤力巨大。“一方面是费用高，另一方面就是退货程序烦琐，难度大。”浙江宏旭国际货代有限公司负责人蒋先生表示。

For exporters,Railway goods, although not. Tasks assigned,Bring the fatal blow,But lethality huge."On the one hand is the high cost,On the other hand is the return procedures are cumbersome,Is very difficult."Zhejiang hong xu said Mr. Jiang, head of the international freight forwarders co., LTD.

　　一般而言，货物到达目的港时会有3~7天的免堆期。如有特殊原因需多堆放几天，可通过目的港货代公司或收货人向港区申请延期，最多还可再堆放7天。之后如果再无人认领，港口开始收取滞港费。“不同国家的港区有不同的算法。比如超过第一天，有些收100美金/天，有些则收50美金/天。”蒋先生说，如果是小港口，为了尽快给第二批货腾出位置，有可能会加倍收取费用。如200美金/天。

In general,When the goods arrival at the port of destination is from pile of period of 3 ~ 7 days.If you have special reason need more piled up for a few days,Through the port of destination forwarder company or consignee apply for an extension to the port,Can also be stacked again 7 days at most.If then unclaimed,Railway fees charged by the port began."Port area in different countries have different algorithm.Such as more than the first day,Some charge $100 / day,Others charge $50 per day."Mr. Jiang said,If it is a small port,In order to make room for the second shipment as soon as possible,Is likely to double charge.Such as $200 / day.

　　即使每天收取高昂的滞港费，三个月后仍然无人提货，目的港就会按照国际惯例行事：海关没收货物，将货物进行拍卖以抵扣所产生的滞港费。“但拍卖时可能会发生章先生这样的事情，拍卖所得货款还不及货值的一半，不足以抵扣滞港费。”蒋先生表示，这时候海关将会向货物承运的船公司索赔，而船公司最终又会找到出口商，要求支付费用。

Even high railway charge for every day,Still no one pick up the goods after three months,The port of destination have acted according to international practice:The customs confiscated the goods,The goods for sale to offset produced by railway."But Mr Chapter auction may occur when such a thing,Proceeds from the auction payment is less than half the value,Not enough to offset railway fee."Mr. Jiang said,By this time the customs will be to cargo ship company claim for compensation,And what will ship company finally find exporters,Required to pay fees.

　　这时出口商只能是哑巴吃黄连了吗？“其实也有善后的方法。在明确客户已无提货意向后，出口商可申请退货；或将货物转卖给当地客户。”丁先生说，不过退货程序相当烦琐：出口商需缴清滞港费，得到客户开具的退运证明后，再向海关提出退运申请，还需准备原先出口时所涉及的报关报检等所有资料以及处理退税手续。

When the exporter can only be the dummy eat rhizoma coptidis?"There are mess.In the clear after the customer has no intention to pick up the goods,Exporters can apply for return money;Or resell the goods to local customers."Mr. Ding said,But return policy is quite complicated:Exporters should pay railway,Issued after the return proof for customer,To apply for return to the customs again,Still need to prepare original export involved in customs clearance, etc. All materials and handling tax refund formalities.

　　【防范小贴士】

[Prevention tips:]

　　多管齐下谨慎破局

Multi-pronged cautious

　　退货所花时间较长，且付出的金钱、精力等成本并不低。而受到货物外观、大小等因素制约，在当地找客源也并非容易。“一些客户就是利用这一点专设坑人的局。”丁先生说，他们找各种理由不提货，然后利用出口商急着将货物脱手的心态，故意压低价格。在海关拍卖货物的现场，不少是原先的收货人在参加竞拍。

Return takes a longer time,And pay the money/Energy costs are not low, etc.Under the goods appearance/Factors such as size,In the local customers is not easy to find."Some customers is to take advantage of this bureau set up traps."Mr. Ding said,They find all sorts of reasons not to pick up the goods,Then using exporters rush to sell the goods to state of mind,Deliberately keep prices down.At the scene of the customs auction of the goods,A lot of the auction is the original consignee.

　　虽然亡羊补牢，为时不晚，但只能是尽力弥补损失。“出口商如果在事前就做好防范措施，就能大大降低风险。”丁先生建议出口商在付款方式上应尽量采用信用证，如果采用后T/T(电汇)，建议增加预付款比例。对信用度较低的国家不建议做D/P(付款交单)，否则一旦客户不付款，出口商容易陷入被动的局面。

Although too late,Not too late,But only is to try to compensate for the loss."The exporter if do preventive measures in advance,Can greatly reduce risk."Mr. Ding suggest exporters on the payment terms should be l/c as far as possible,If by T/T after(T/t),Suggest increase the advance ratio.For countries with low credit of don't recommend to do D/P(Payment by d/p),Otherwise, once the customer don't pay,Exporters are easy to fall into a passive situation.

　　除此之外，选择货代也很重要。“专业的货代公司熟悉出口流程中的各个环节，对出口货物及时跟进，出现问题后信息反馈速度较快，处理问题也较为专业，能降低出口商的损失。”蒋先生表示，出口商还可购买出口信用保险，有效规避风险。

In addition to this,Choose forwarder is also very important."Professional forwarder company familiar with export procedure of each link,To follow up the export goods in a timely manner,Information feedback from problems fast,Deal with the problem also is more professional,Can reduce the loss of exporters."Mr. Jiang said,Exporters can also export credit insurance,Effective avoid risk.