新世纪以来，伴随中国经济的高速增长及日益加速的城市化进程，中国的能源需求及温室气体排放规模也呈快速增加趋势。国家能源局原局长张国宝在2012年召开的“中美清洁能源论坛”上就曾表示，中国2011年的一次能源消费总量已经超过美国，从而成为世界第一大能源消费国。能源消费规模的快速增长必然需要能源供给作为支撑，这也是我国保持长期能源净进口的原因，2011年该数字已达5.2亿吨标准煤。近年许多西方国家认为，中国正在消耗过多的世界能源资源来维持经济的持续增长，越来越多的国际碳减排压力、各种“中国能源威胁论”、“中国气候威胁论”接踵而至。但是，中国大量能源消耗的背后，除自身固有的低能源利用效率和产业结构等问题外，依附贸易产品造成的国际能耗转移，也不容忽视。作为“世界加工厂”的中国，实质上正在越来越多的承接国际产业转移，为发达国家大量生产和加工产品。新世纪初，我国因贸易造成的能耗对外转移规模基本维持在0.6亿吨标准煤上下，自2003年开始快速增长，2011年已达到5.52亿吨标准煤的历史最高点，占当年全国能源消耗总量比重达15.9%。可以看出，比较我国因贸易造成的能耗转移规模与能源产品净进口规模，我国实质上并不是能源净进口国家，甚至还存在一定程度上的能源净出口。我国对外贸易虽然保持着长年顺差，但从能源消耗及对环境的污染角度来gesep全球节能环保网讲，却是生态逆差的。

Since the new century,Along with China's economic growth and accelerating urbanization,Scale of China's energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions also showed a trend of fast increase.National energy bureau zhang guobao was held in 2012"The clean energy BBS"It had said,China's total primary energy consumption has more than 2011, the United States,To become the world's largest energy consumer.Energy consumption is the rapid growth of the scale will need energy supply as support,That is why to keep our long-term energy net imports,In 2011 the number has reached 520 million tons of standard coal.In recent years, many western countries,China is consuming too much of the world's energy resources to maintain sustained economic growth,More and more international pressure to reduce emissions/A variety of"China's energy threat"/"In China the climate threat"To follow.but,Behind China's large energy consumption,In addition to its own inherent problems such as low energy utilization efficiency and industrial structure,International transfer of energy consumption caused by attachment trade products,Also nots allow to ignore.As a"The world processing factory"In China,In essence is more and more to undertake international industrial transfer,A large number of production and processing products for developed countries.At the beginning of new century,Scale basic external transfer of energy consumption caused by the trade in China remain at around 060 million tons of standard coal,Since 2003 the rapid growth,In 2011, has reached the all-time high of 552 million tons of standard coal,Accounting for the total energy consumption accounted for 15.9%.It can be seen that,Comparison of energy transfer of energy consumption caused by the trade scale and the product size of net imports,The net import country in essence is not energy in our country,Even there is a certain degree of energy net exports.Although China's foreign trade maintained a surplus for years,But from the perspective of energy consumption and pollution to the environment to speak gesep global energy conservation, environmental protection net,Ecological deficit.

　　因此，关于一国能源消耗的规模评价及责任归属问题，必须基于消费侧而非生产侧进行研究探讨。以中国为代表的发展中国家，正在越来越多的承接国际产业转移，在国外发达国家逐步向第三产业侧重发展的同时，我们却刚刚步入工业时代，能源消耗及环境污染正急剧加速且尚未达到顶峰，同时还要面临发达国家以碳减排责任为借口提出的种种苛刻要求。基于消费侧研究贸易能源消耗问题，从本质上指出了中国表面上是消耗了大量世界能源资源，但也支撑了其他国家大量消费品生产与供给的事实。在当今的世界生产分工格局下，中国的能源消耗本质上有很大一部分通过对外贸易向外发生了转移，也付出了巨大的环境污染代价。发达国家在消费我们为其所生产的各种消费品的同时，还借口过度能源消耗和同等碳减排责任等一味地指责中国，严重有失公允，是对客观事实的严重扭曲。

so,About the size of the nation's energy consumption evaluation and liability issues,Research must be based on consumption rather than production side.Developing countries represented by China,Is more and more to undertake international industrial transfer,In foreign developed countries gradually to focusing on the development of tertiary industry at the same time,We have just entered the industrial age,Energy consumption and environmental pollution is rapidly accelerating and has not yet reached its peak,While facing with responsibility to reduce emissions in the developed countries as an excuse to put forward a variety of demanding requirements.Based on the consumption side study trade energy consumption problem,From essentially is pointed out that China's surface is consumed a lot of the world's energy resources,But also support other countries a large number of consumer goods production and supply of the facts.In today's world the production division of labor pattern,China's energy consumes a large portion of essentially shifted out through foreign trade,Also pay a huge environmental pollution cost.Developed countries in the consumer we for the production of all kinds of consumer goods at the same time,Excuse the excessive energy consumption and equal carbon emissions responsibility blindly accused China, etc,Serious unfair,Is a serious distortion of objective facts.

　　当然，基于消费侧计算我国贸易的能耗转移量，也并不是完全消除我国在能源环境方面的责任，毕竟需要承认的是，与发达国家相比，我国在产业发展结构、产业技术层次等方面依然存在较大差距。我国贸易结构依然存在高耗能、高污染、低效率的特点，从这方面讲，我国在产业结构和商品贸易结构的改善优化方面还有相当长的路要走，换句话说仍存在较大的节能空间。因此，我国应在认清“世界加工厂”地位及贸易能耗大量流出的前提下，从自身情况出发，严格控制高污染、高耗能的外资企业进入口径，逐步淘汰国内的“两高一低”产业，促进其实现技术层面的转型升级。

Of course,,Based on the consumption side calculation trade in our country's energy consumption as follows,Is not completely eliminate the responsibility in terms of energy and environment,Admittedly, after all,Compared with the developed countries,In the industry structure in our country/There is still a large gap between industrial technology level, etc.The trade structure in our country still exists energy intensive/High pollution/The characteristics of the low efficiency,In that regard,In the industrial structure and improvement of commodity trade structure optimization has a long way to go,In other words, there are still great energy saving space.so,Our country should be recognized"The world processing factory"Status and trade energy consumption under the premise of a large number of outflow,Set out from oneself circumstance,Strict control of high pollution/The size of the foreign companies entering the energy-intensive,Phased out at home"High-pressure &high-concentration &low-viscosity"industry,Promote the realization of technical transformation and upgrading.

　　鉴于我国因贸易造成的对外能耗转移规模依然在迅速增加，这也意味着要想减少对国内能源资源的过度消耗及环境污染，除长期逐步实施国内产业结构优化升级战略外，中短期内必须以牺牲出口贸易规模的增长为代价，即必须在能源环境利益与经济贸易利益之间作出取舍。改革开放以来，伴随我国对外贸易规模的腾飞，相继而来的能源消耗和环境污染问题也让我们付出了沉重代价。由贸易带来的能耗转移问题已经引起了中央政府的高度重视，近年频出的“两高一资”产品限制出口的贸易政策，表明国家政策层面已经认识到，为保护国内资源和环境，必须牺牲短期内的经济贸易利益，未来再通过逐渐的贸易转型来实现经济和贸易的可持续发展。

Given the scale of external transfer of energy consumption caused by trade in China is still in a rapid increase,This also means that in order to reduce the excessive consumption of domestic energy resources and environmental pollution,In addition to the long-term implementation of domestic industrial structure optimization and upgrading strategy step by step,Short or medium term must be at the expense of the scale of export trade growth,That must be in the energy make trade-offs between environmental interests and economic and trade interests.Since the reform and opening,Along with the take off of China's foreign trade scale,To energy consumption and environmental pollution problems also let us paid a heavy price.Transfer of energy consumption caused by the trade issue has caused the central government attaches great importance to,In recent years, lots of", high-energy-consuming and resource-dependent"The trade policies of products export restrictions,Have realized that suggests that national policy level,To protect domestic resources and environment,Must be sacrificed in the short term economic and trade interests,Future trade gradually transition to realize the sustainable development of economy and trade.