据海关统计，今年上半年，我国外贸进出口总值18398.4亿美元，同比增长8%。其中出口9543.8亿美元，增长9.2%；进口8854.6亿美元，增长6.7%；贸易顺差689.2亿美元，扩大56.4%。不少经济界专家表示，我国外贸发展虽面临诸多不确定因素，但下半年回暖迹象已较为明显，外贸年增长10%的预期目标可望实现。 

According to customs statistics，In the first half of this year，Our country foreign trade import and export worth $1.83984 trillion，Year-on-year growth of 8%。Export of $954.38 billion，9.2% increase；Imported 885.46 billion us dollars，6.7% increase；The trade surplus of $68.92 billion，Expand 56.4%。Many economic, experts say，China's foreign trade development is facing many uncertain factors，But the second half has been evident warmed signs，In foreign trade growth forecast of 10% target is expected。 

　　然而，记者在对一些外贸企业进行采访后发现，相对以往，他们今年的外贸出口业务非但没有回暖，反而更加寒冷。由于外需持续严重疲软及各项商务成本不断上升，不少企业经营状况恶化，有的已经处于倒闭的边缘。 

however，Reporters to a foreign trade enterprise in some found after the interview，Relative ever，The export business this year they not only have no thaw，Are more cold。Due to the weak economy and the various business for serious rising cost，Many enterprise business conditions deteriorate，Some have been in the edge of collapse。 

　　对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院中国对外经济贸易研究室主任杨立强接受记者采访时发表看法说，官方所称“回暖”要放在全球经济“趋寒”背景下来思考，且尚需后续观察，目前并不足以影响下半年出口形势“缓中趋稳”走向。 

Foreign economic and trade university international economic research institute, China's foreign trade and economic YangLiJiang director of research when accepting a reporter to interview published views said，The official said“warmed”Should be put in the global economy“Hasten cold”Background down to consider，And still need to follow-up observations，It was not enough to affect the export situation of the second half“Slow stabilised in”to。 

　　订单锐减 

Orders declined 

　　小型外贸企业命悬一线 

Small foreign trade enterprise hanging by a thread 

　　“去年还没感觉到什么，农历年一过，(出口业务)忽然就不行了，订单一下子没了!”7月13日，浙江温州外贸商人蒋雷在接受记者采访时，仍然一副焦虑的状态，“国外客户购买力下降了很多，产品卖不动了。” 

“Last year still didn't feel??????，The lunar New Year a，(Export business)Suddenly can't，At the order didn't!”July 13,，Zhejiang wenzhou foreign trade merchants JiangLei when accepting a reporter to interview，Still a pair of anxiety states，“Foreign customers purchasing power a lot，The product sells do not move。” 

　　蒋雷的公司主要生产剃须刀，产品主要出口非洲和中东等地，由于物美价廉，公司一直订单不断，生意顺风顺水。但是2012年春节一过，蒋雷所接到的订单明显少了很多，“到现在为止，订单还不如去年上半年的2/3，工厂一下子闲下来了。” 

The company mainly produces JiangLei razor，Products are mainly exported to Africa and the Middle East，Due to the good and cheap，The company has been constantly order，Automatics business。But the Spring Festival in 2012，JiangLei received the order a lot less obvious，“So far，Orders for the first half of last year than two-thirds，Idle factories down at once。” 

　　蒋雷说，为了减轻企业的压力，他不得不裁减员工，“企业经营不行了，总不能让工人困在我这儿吧。” 

JiangLei said，In order to reduce the pressure of the enterprise，He had to cut workers，“Enterprise operation not，Can't let the workers trapped in me here。” 

　　在蒋雷看来，2012年上半年是他做外贸出口业务最“寒冷”的一段时间。 

In JiangLei seems，In the first half year of 2012 is he doing foreign trade export business the most“cold”For a period of time。 

　　和蒋雷有同感，山东威海海飞依服饰公司贸易部经理蔡惠健也明显感觉到寒意的侵袭。 

And JiangLei have the same feeling，Shandong weihai matt in clothing company manager Mr CaiHuiJian also feel the chill invasion。 

　　“出口越来越不好做，企业都快撑不住了。”蔡惠健接受记者采访时表示，近几年来，企业出口利润本来就低，公司一直在硬撑着，可今年的难题，已经不仅仅是利润的问题，而是订单。 

“Export more and not do，Enterprise all quick could not support。”CaiHuiJian when accepting a reporter to interview said，In recent years，Enterprise export earnings was low，The company has been in the hard support，But this year's problems，The problem is not merely a profit，But order。 

　　海飞依服饰有限公司位于威海市经济开发区，所生产的服装主要出口欧美、日本、韩国等地，今年年初开始，公司的订单开始大幅减少。 

Matt in garment Co., LTD is located in weihai city economic development zone，The production of clothing are mainly exported to Europe、Japan、South Korea，The beginning of the year，The company began to sharply reduce the order。 

　　“公司目前接到的订单比去年同期足足少了40%。”蔡惠健说，“现在要抢一笔订单，太难了。” 

“The company currently received orders for less than the same period last year by 40%。”CaiHuiJian said，“Now to grab a pen of the order，Too difficult。” 

　　即便抢到了订单，也并不意味着赚钱。“国外的经济形势不好，服装不好卖，国外经销商就落价促销，只能拼命把产品出口的价格往下压。”蔡惠健称，“一笔订单要经历的环节为：卖场、经销商、服装设计、服装贸易，最后是加工厂，每一个环节都要扣除一些利润，层层扒皮，到了工厂，哪里还有利润?” 

Even got the order，It does not mean to make money。“Foreign economic situation is not good，Clothing doesn't sell，Foreign dealers is falling in price promotion，Only the product export to the price down。”CaiHuiJian says，“An order to experience for the link：stores、dealers、Clothing design、Clothing trade，The last is processing plant，Every link to deduct some profits，Splite layer upon layer，To factory，Is there any profits?” 

　　“很多工厂都不赚钱，大家都在考虑转行，不能困死在这一条路上。”蔡惠健称。 

“Many factories are not making money，Everyone in considering a career change，Can't trap dead in this way。”CaiHuiJian says。 

　　加工贸易出口比重超过1/3，制造业复苏艰难 

The proportion of export processing trade more than a third，Manufacturing recovery difficult 

　　虽然不少外贸企业生存艰难，但对于今年外贸出口数据所显现“回暖”的原因，中国皮革工业协会制鞋办公室主任卫亚菲接受记者采访时发表的观点是，中国外贸出口结构调整，一般对外贸易增多所致。

Although many foreign trade enterprise survival difficult，But for this year, foreign trade export data showed“warmed”reason，The Chinese leather shoes industry association, the director of the office WeiYaFei when accepting a reporter to interview the view is published，China's foreign trade export structure adjustment，General foreign trade caused by increased。

　　“政府对出口已经实行备案制，不再实行核准制，所以生产了产品直接出口的企业增多了。有些产品出口比较好，这部分数据自然会将整体进出口数据向上拉升。”卫亚菲说，“但是整体经济形势不好，单纯的制造业仍然很困难。” 

“The government has been implemented for export records，No longer practice to approve the system，So the direct export products production enterprise increased。Some products export is better，This part of the data will naturally whole export data upward pull litre。”WeiYaFei said，“But the overall economic situation is not good，Simple manufacturing is still difficult。” 

　　卫亚菲的观点与浙江大学管理学院常务副院长吴晓波颇为一致，“全球经济还会在低迷中徘徊相当长的时间。这对中国以出口导向为主的制造业又是一场真正的考验。外需减少直接导致了外向型制造企业投资欲望的下降，这又会加剧制造业的下行。形势不容乐观。” 

WeiYaFei point of view and the college of management, zhejiang university standing vice President WuXiaoBo quite consistent，“The global economy will be in the downturn wandering in a long time。The China mainly export-oriented manufacturing is a true test。Now reduce led directly to export-oriented manufacturing enterprise investment desire of decline，It will aggravate the manufacturing to the downside。Situation is not optimistic。” 

　　虽然从此次外贸出口数据来看，加工贸易出口比重已有所降低，但仍然占据着超过1/3份额。在全球经济严峻的下行压力下，加工贸易所受影响更是首当其冲。 

Although the foreign trade export data from see，The proportion of export processing trade has been reduced，But still hold more than one-third share。In the global economy of serious downward pressure，Processing trade is affected the brunt。 

　　杨立强指出，在当前外需萎缩的情况下，加工贸易企业的生存压力要比其他企业更大，面临的问题也更具挑战性，可以说与人民币升值、原材料价格波动、工资水平上升等因素相比，外需萎缩、订单减少对加工贸易企业的影响要更大，更致命。 

YangLiJiang points out that，In the current economy atrophy，Processing trade enterprise's survival pressure than other enterprise more，Facing the problem of also more challenging，Can say and the appreciation of the renminbi、Raw material price swings、Factors such as wages rise compared，Shrinking economy、In order to reduce the influence of processing trade enterprise to more，More deadly。 

　　卫亚菲认为，外贸出口下滑，也与中国制造业劳动密集型的传统特点相关。以制鞋业为例，劳动力资源紧张，成本上升，给企业带来的压力非常明显。 

WeiYaFei think，Foreign trade export decline，Also with the Chinese manufacturing industry labor-intensive traditional characteristics related。To shoes for example，Labor resources nervous，Rise in the cost of，Brings to the enterprise of the pressure very obvious。 

　　“以往出口好的时候，有的企业能拿到3%的利润，现在根本到不了这个数了。”卫亚菲称，“很多制造业拼的就是劳动力，劳动力成本上涨，企业就没有价格优势。” 

“Good export ever，Some enterprise can get 3% of the profits，There's not the number to......。”WeiYaFei says，“Many of the spell is manufacturing labor，Rising labor costs，Enterprise is not a price advantage。” 

　　近年来，政府出台相关政策大力提倡加工贸易企业转型升级，提升竞争力。但卫亚菲认为这并不容易。 

In recent years，The government has issued relevant policies advocated processing trade enterprise transformation and upgrade，Enhance competitiveness。But WeiYaFei think this is not easy。 

　　“这是一种持续的机制性的改造，包括技术、设计、工厂管理以及客户删选等各个环节的综合性升级，需要一定时间的过渡期，这不是一蹴而就的事情。” 

“This is a prerequisite for the reform，Including technology、design、The factory management and customer choose delete the various links such as comprehensive upgrade，Need some time to transition，This is not accomplished things。” 

　　专家：提高退税额度，建立诚信体系 

experts：Improve drawback system，Establish credit system 

　　卫亚菲认为，为应对这种局面，政府应在政策上进行更多的扶持。比如，在制造业出口的退税方面给予更多的优惠。 

WeiYaFei think，To cope with the situation，The government should be in the policy for more support。For example，In manufacturing exports drawback to more favorable。 

　　据悉，目前服装业退税率为16%，而这是服装外贸企业唯一赚钱的指望，但是，有些国外的经销商由于对此项政策非常了解，企业还要从这部分利润中让出一部分给他们，最终拿到手里的已经所剩无几。而如果将退税额度提升，也能缓解企业目前的艰难局面。 

It is reported，At present the clothing industry tax rebate rate of 16%，And this is a foreign trade enterprise make money only dress on，but，Some foreign dealers because this policy very well，From this part of the enterprise should be made part of the profits to them，Finally got his has resigned。And if the drawback system for ascension，Also can alleviate the enterprise is difficult situation。 

　　此外，由于我国制造业中小企业占据相当多的比重，国家对中小企业的融资问题始终非常重视。但是，由于小企业的经营风险比较大，加之全球经济的不确定性以及中国宏观经济下行的态势，银行出于对坏账的担忧，并不愿意贷款给小企业，这就更加剧了小企业的生存困难。 

In addition，Because China's manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises occupy considerable proportion，Countries to sme financing always very seriously。but，Because of the small business risk is bigger，Together with the global economic uncertainty and Chinese macroeconomic descending trend，The bank out of the bad loans to worry about，Not willing to loan to small businesses，This has intensified the survival of small businesses difficulties。 

　　卫亚菲建议政府应再加大对小企业的金融支持，建立诚信体制。 

WeiYaFei suggest that the government should intensify the small businesses to financial support，Establish credit system。 

　　“没有诚信体制，就不能有好的金融环境，小企业贷不到款，就不能进行转型升级，出口产品也就没有竞争力。”卫亚菲称，要做到这些，光靠金融改革是不行的。 

“No credit system，Can't have good financial environment，Small businesses can't borrow money，Would not be able to upgrade，Export products also are not competitive。”WeiYaFei says，To do this，Light on financial reform is no good。