孟山 

MengShan 

　　中国正在经历没有硝烟的贸易战争。提出这个说法，绝不是对外部世界的敌视心态作祟，那样的时代已经过去，且不应该成为中国走向世界的预设理念；也绝不是有点左右派别之分的愤青式民族主义表达。 

China is experiencing without gunsmoke trade war.It is put forward,The outside world is not hostile attitude haunt,That era is over,And should not become China's moves towards the world the default concept;Also is not a bit about the points of the cynical type nationalism expression. 

　　在欧美两个“领头羊”的带领下，发展中国家和地区对中国采取反倾销等贸易保护主义行为也此起彼伏，但在此我们不必再行列举，表中数据已经足以说明中国在2012年面临的国际贸易环境，以及在双边贸易中遭遇到的某些窘境。这是为什么?外部世界为什么对中国不高兴?中国该怎么办? 

In Europe and the United States two"leaders"Under the leadership of,Developing countries and regions, such as China to impose anti-dumping trade protectionism behavior also to break out,But here we don't have any lists,The data have been enough to explain China in 2012 face international trade environment,And in the bilateral trade encounter some corners.This is why?The external world why China does not happy?China should do? 

　　虽然包括经济领域在内的任何领域都不可能与政治脱钩，但经历了30多年改革开放的中国，在历经纷繁复杂的思想论战之后，今天，对于欧美国家的行动，不必再以“阴谋论”的思维方式加以推测。而是需要更多地从经济思维出发，来考虑欧美国家以及其他国家的贸易保护主义行为。如此，我们才能更客观地看到事情发生的原委，从而有可能采取针对性的措施，这包括在国际政治层面的推进。 

Although including economy, any field is impossible and political decoupling,But after 30 years of reform and opening up in China,After the complicated thought after the controversy,today,For countries in Europe and America action,Don't have to"Conspiracy theory"Way of thinking to speculate.But need more from the economic thinking start,To consider the European and American countries and other countries' trade protectionism behavior.so,We can more objectively see things happen the whole story,Which may take corresponding measures,This includes in the international political level propulsion. 

　　说到底，坚守自身的国家利益是欧美国家行动的前提。屁股决定脑袋，是国家间关系中的真理。而在选举政治的西方国家，取悦选民从而获得他们手中的选票，是很多经济行为的国内政治考量。欧盟与美国曾就中国限制战略原料出口问题向世界贸易组织提起诉讼，当时在诉讼行动中出面的美国贸易代表柯克，在华盛顿美中贸易全国委员会发表演讲时，对美中贸易重要性进行强调的同时，也以异常强硬的口吻警告说，美国把美国商业和工人利益放在第一位，将在对华贸易中采取“更积极措施”维护美方利益。 

In the final analysis,Stick to their own national interest is the premise of the European and American countries action.Bum decided to head,Is the truth in the relationship among countries.And in western countries election politics,To please voters to get their hands of the vote,Is a lot of economic behavior of the domestic political considerations.The European Union and the United States had limited China strategic raw materials exports to the world trade organization a lawsuit,At that time in action in front the United States trade representative kirk,The national committee on us-china trade in Washington during a speech,To emphasize the importance of trade at the same time,Also with abnormal strong tone of voice warning said,The United States put American businesses and workers' interests in the first place,Will be in trading with China to take"More active measures"Maintenance the United States interests. 

　　我一直认为，对于欧美发达国家的行为需要区别看待，它们的制度建设、人权保护、言论理念等领域中，我们有很多需要学习的地方；它们针对中国的言辞也不都是虚幻的，其背后具有某些坚定的理念支撑，我们需要看到其中的合理性、合法性以及我们自身的改进。但是，在经济领域没有什么好说的，国家利益、企业利益、公民利益的维护是最基本也是最根本的。有句中国的古语叫做“无利不起早”，在贸易行为中若是不能从中获益，任何国家都不会积极行动，政治意愿的表态不会畅行无阻地贯穿在经济领域中。 

I've always thought,For the European and American developed country behavior need to look at the difference between,Their system construction/Human rights protection/Concept of speech, etc,We have a lot to learn place;They for Chinese words are false,Behind the possess certain firm idea support,We need to see the rationality/Legitimacy and our own improvement.but,In the economic field, have nothing to say,The interests of the state/Enterprise interest/The interest of the individual maintenance is the most basic is the most fundamental.There is a Chinese archaism is called"No can't afford to the early",In the act of trade if can't benefit from it,Any country is not positive action,The political will still not checkless through in the economic field. 

　　现实主义国际关系理论大师——汉斯·摩根索(美国人)，早在半个世纪之前，就告诉了人们这样的道理：在维护国家利益面前，不要对政治说辞有太多幻想。尤其是在二战后的60多年里，西方发达国家已经在国际经济领域主导制定了一系列的游戏规则，按照这些游戏规则，国家间采取的经济行为，通常被表述为与政治无关。 

Realism theories of international relations master - Hans Morgan line(americans),As early as in half a century ago,Tell the people that truth:In front of safeguard the interests of the state,Don't have too much political rhetoric illusion.Especially in 60 years after world war ii,The western developed countries have at the international economic realm leading enacted a series of rules of the game,According to the rules of the game,Countries take economic behavior,Is usually expressed as follows and politics. 

　　在这样的话语环境中，不难看到，很多国家在对中国采取贸易保护主义措施的时候，会告诉世界：我们是在按游戏规则做事，政治抗议是没有道理的。实事求是地讲，中国加入世界贸易组织的11年间，已经在交过无数学费之后从中学会了很多，但确实还不够娴熟。这个过程还会持续一段时间，算得上中国融入世界过程中的阵痛。 

In this discourse environment,It is not difficult to see,Many countries in the Chinese take protectionist measures,Will tell the world:We are in the rules of the game work,There is no reason for political protest.Seeking truth from facts to speak,China's accession to the world trade organization's 11 years,Already in hand in numerous fees later learned a lot,But it is not enough skilled.This process is likely to continue for some time,China's place in the world is in the process of pain. 

　　仅在经济层面的意义上讲，面对贸易保护主义，政府层面采取的反应措施还不够强大，全局性的政治考量在有些时候大于现实性的经济考量，总是想把争端控制在一定范围内的指导理念束缚了反制措施的力度。但事实上，经济领域的部分争端不会影响国家间关系大局，而且，从近些年的国际实践来看，仅是一般性的贸易而不是军需品的贸易，不会引发国家间关系的全面恶化。况且，在熟悉国际游戏规则的过程中，我们也是在利用规则制定自己的行动计划，都是可以摆在台面上的事情，可以通过仲裁等国际手段在程序中解决问题。当然，既然是双边贸易和多边贸易，出了问题之后，我们也必须检讨并调整自身状况，以便在国际竞争中能够说服国际社会。 

Only in the economic level of sense,In the face of trade protectionism,The government level response measures are still not strong enough,Global political considerations in some time more than reality economic considerations,Always want to the dispute control within the scope of certain guiding idea was bound the strength of counter measures.But in fact,Part of the economy dispute will not affect the relationship between countries,and,From the international practice in recent years to see,Is only a general trade rather than munition trade,Will not cause of worsening relationship among countries.besides,In the familiar with international rules of the game process,We are also in the use of rules formulated their own action plan,Are all can be placed on mesa things,Can through the arbitration and other international means in the program to solve the problem.Of course,Since is the bilateral trade and multilateral trade,After a problem,We also have to review and adjust their status,So that in the international competition to convince the international community. 

　　2012年针对中国发生的贸易保护主义行为，达到了一个新的数量级，有一个大的背景：金融危机引发的经济危机在这个世界并没有结束， 从这个背景上讲，发生的贸易保护主义行为大增不是“拍案称奇”的事情，纵观一战前和二战前的国际经济领域，莫不如此。在世界经济不景气或者出现大的问题之时，国家间的丛林状态就开始显现，确保自己国家的日子不至于太难过，是出于优先地位的国家考量。发动贸易保护主义措施，保证本国公民的就业和企业产销，是惯常的做法。在这个意义上说，这个世纪的第一次经济危机，各国沿用的解决套路还是上个世纪的一贯手段，太阳底下确实没有什么新鲜事。 

In 2012 China has trade protectionism behavior,To achieve a new order of magnitude,There is a big background:Financial crisis caused by the economic crisis in the world and no end, From this background speak,Happen trade protectionism is not a behavior"To surprise the"things,Throughout the war before world war ii and the international economy,There so.In the world economic recession or there is a big problem when the,The jungle state between countries began to appear,To ensure that their country's day not too sad,Priority is for the national considerations.Engine protectionist measures,Ensure that citizens of employment and enterprise production and marketing,Is the usual practice.In this sense,This century's first economic crisis,Countries used to solve routine or last century always means,There is nothing new under the sun. 

　　在更大的范围来看，贸易保护不是仅仅针对中国的，在其他国家间也大量存在，甚至在发达国家之间也是如此，只是烈度和力度没有像针对中国这样。但是，我们也需要看到，经济危机仅仅是一个阶段性的背景，针对中国的贸易保护主义措施不会随着经济危机的消失而销声匿迹，而是在相当长的一段时间内都会如此，因为中国在经济层面的崛起过程与外部世界有着结构性龃龉。 

In the larger scale,Trade protection is not only to China's,In other countries there are abundant,Even in developed countries and so between,Just intensity and strength did not like this in China.but,We also need to see,The economic crisis is only a periodic background,According to China's trade protectionism measures will not disappear with the economic crisis and vanished,But for quite a long time will be so,Because of China's economic level in the rise of the process and the outside world have structural disagreement. 

　　从国际关系的发展历史来看，任何一个大国力量的崛起，都会引发现存国际力量的本能性恐慌，试图维护现有的力量平衡状态，是主导现存国际秩序的大国之战略。明治维新之后的日本、一战之后的德国以及二战之后的中国，概莫能外。国际社会适应和承认某个国家的力量存在需要一个过程，而这个过程对于崛起中的大国而言，是一个不断突破束缚、不断展现实力的过程。中国现在的状况就是如此，尤其是在中国的产业升级、结构调整没有到位的情况下更是如此。所以，中国在今后将会持续面对这样的国际现实，这一方面需要调整自己，另一方面也需要更娴熟地使用国际承认的各种手段维护自身的利益。从更广泛的意义上讲，中国融入世界的过程还没有结束，这个融入过程与外部世界的经济交锋多了一些。认识到这一点，就可以更平和地据理力争，而不被国内的有些情绪化表达和至今没有改变对国际社会看法的力量所左右。

From the development history of international relations,Any country powers,Will cause the existing international power instinctual panic,Trying to maintain the current state of the balance of power,Is leading the existing international order of the country strategic.After the Meiji restoration of the Japanese/After the first world war Germany after world war ii and China,Without exception.The international social adaptation and admit a the power of the state existence needs a process,And the process for the rise in power,Is a continuous breakthrough bound/The process of continuously show strength.China's current situation is so,Especially in China's industrial upgrading/Structure adjustment under the condition of no in place even more so.so,China in the future will continue to face the international reality,This hand need to adjust yourself,On the other hand also need more skillfully use internationally recognized with the means to protect their own interests.From a broad sense,China into the world of the process is not over yet,This into the process and the outside world economic exchange some more.To realize this point,Can a more peaceful to fight it out,And don't be domestic some emotional expression and so far no change to the international community views about power.