11月7日，奥巴马成功连任美国总统，中国暂且走出了美国鹰派代表、共和党人罗姆尼获胜可能激生的美国贸易保护主义的阴影。先前罗姆尼在竞选过程中曾声称，如若竞选成功，将在上任首日宣布中国为汇率操纵国。从竞选落败的罗姆尼也受到很多美国民众拥护就可看出，保护主义，特别是针对中国的保护主义，在美国并不缺乏市场。

On November 7,,Obama re-elected President of the United States,China put out of the American hawk representative/Republicans romney win may excitation born of the shadow of the American trade protectionism.Mr Romney earlier in the campaign process had said,If successful campaign,Will be in office for the first announced that China's currency manipulator.From the campaign failed romney also is influenced by many americans support can see,protectionism,Especially for China's protectionism,In the United States is not the lack of market.

　　实际上，中国的确正受到保护主义的冲击。商务部前不久发布的《中国对外贸易形势报告（2012年秋季）》就指出，中国是贸易保护主义的最大受害者，2012年前三季度，中国出口产品遭遇国外贸易救济调查55起，增长38%，涉案金额243亿美元，增长近8倍。另外，据英国智库“经济政策研究中心”的“世界贸易预警”项目监测，2008年国际金融危机爆发以来，全球40%的贸易保护主义措施针对中国。

In fact,It is true that China is being the impact of protectionism.The ministry of commerce recently issued[China's foreign trade situation report(In the fall of 2012)]It points out that,China is the biggest victims trade protectionism,The third quarter 2012 years ago,China's export products encounter foreign trade remedy investigation 55 up,Growth of 38%,Involving a value of $24.3 billion,Growth nearly 8 times.In addition,According to the British think-tank"Economic policy research center"of"The world trade early warning"Project monitoring,2008 years since the outbreak of the international financial crisis,40% of the world's protectionist measures in China.

　　中国为何成为贸易保护主义的最大受害者？这个问题可分解为两个问题：一是保护主义缘何逆潮涌动；二是保护主义缘何剑指中国。实际上，这两个问题息息相关。

Why China become the biggest trade protectionism victim?This problem can be divided into two problems:One is why protectionism inverse tide surging;The second is wondering why protectionism sword refers to China.In fact,These two problems is closely linked.

　　先看第一个问题。全球范围内，保护主义抬头的根本原因有三：首先，全球经济增长失速导致国际贸易国内化。据IMF预测，2012年美国和欧元区的增长预估值为2.17%和-0.21%，均低于1980年以来2.62%和2%的年均增速。增长放缓导致就业形势严峻，美国和欧元区最新失业率高达7.9%和11.6%，当局在保增长、促就业方面面临极大的内部压力。在总需求萎缩的背景下，为了将更多需求留在国内，欧美国家国际贸易国内化的倾向日趋明显。

Look at the first question.The global scope,Protectionism looked up the root cause of the three:First of all,Global economic growth stall lead to international trade domestic zed.According to the IMF forecasts,In 2012 the United States and the eurozone growth estimates for 2.17% and - 0.21%,Since 1980 are less than 2.62% and 2% of the annual average growth.Growth led to severe employment situation,The United States and the eurozone the latest unemployment rate is as high as 7.9% and 11.6%,Authorities in the growth/To promote employment face great internal pressure.In the aggregate demand under the background of atrophy,In order to more demand at home,Europe and the United States international trade of domestic zed tendency has become increasingly evident.

　　其次，政策救赎透支乏力导致以邻为壑。金融危机和经济失速背景下，全球经济复苏的整体利益规模正悄然缩水，国际贸易总量增速明显下滑，据IMF预测，2012年全球贸易增速仅为3.2%，不仅远低于前两年的5.8%和12.5%，还低于1980年以来5.68%的贸易扩张均速。在次贷危机和债务危机连番冲击后，全球各国政府的政策菜单大幅缩水，财政政策受制于债务风险，货币政策受制于可用空间，使用保护主义大棒保护自身的国际市场利益成为必然选择，给竞争性货币贬值和贸易保护主义培育了温床。

secondly,Policy redeemed overdraft weak lead to do harm to a neighbour.The financial crisis and economic stall background,The global economic recovery the overall interests of the scale is quietly shrink,International trade volume growth decline significantly,According to the IMF forecasts,In 2012 the global trade growth is only 3.2%,Not only is far lower than the first two years of 5.8% and 12.5%,Still less than 1980 years 5.68% of the trade expansion uniform.In the subprime mortgage crisis and debt crisis mind-blowing after impact,Global governments policy have slashed the menu,Fiscal policy is subject to debt risk,Monetary policy is subject to space available,Use protectionism stick to protect their interests in the international market is an inevitable option,To competitive devaluation and trade protectionism produced hotbed.

　　另外，合作约束形同虚设导致博弈失衡。建立在比较优势基础上的国际贸易，理论上能带来集体利益改善的结果，却未必符合每个国家的个体利益和当前诉求。而个体理性导致集体非理性，很大程度上还要归因于合作约束的无效或缺失。一方面，WTO规则不具有硬约束，允许成员国利用其有关协议反击遭到的不公平待遇，为部分国家以公平之名行保护主义之实留下了余地；另一方面，G20等多边沟通协作机制大多流于形式，缺乏实质内容，难以对保护主义形成有效制约。

In addition,Cooperation constraint eroded cause imbalance in the game.Based on comparative advantage on the basis of international trade,Theory can bring collective interests to improve results,But may not accords with every country's individual interests and the current demands.Individual rationality and collective lead to irrational,To a large extent also attributed to cooperation constraint invalid or missing.On the one hand,WTO rules do not have hard constraint,Allow members to use its relevant agreement was back the unfair treatment,For part of the country in the name of justice line protectionism reality of the left the room;On the other hand,G20 and multilateral communication and coordination mechanism mostly become a mere formality,Lacks the substantive content,Protectionism is difficult to form effective restriction.

　　再看第二个问题。日趋抬头的保护主义往往剑指中国，原因有五：

Look at the second question.Increasingly looked up protectionism often sword refers to China,There are five reasons:

　　其一，中国经济的增长引人艳羡。1980年以来，中国经济实现了10.01%的高速增长，年均增速排名全球184个有统计的经济体的第三位，中国2011年的经济规模是其他9个年均增速排名前十国家GDP总和的47倍。如此庞大的经济规模和如此迅猛的经济增速都充分彰显了中国经济的快速崛起，也引起了欧美国家高度关注，在其内部增长压力急需向外排解的背景下，鹤立鸡群的中国更易成为保护主义施压的对象。

one,The growth of China's economy catch envy.Since 1980,Chinese economy realized a 10.01% growth,With an average annual growth ranking 184 statistics economies of the third,China's 2011 years of economic scale is the other nine annual average growth ranked in the top 10 countries combined GDP 47 times.Such a large economic size and the speed of this year's economic growth are fully demonstrated China's rapid economic rise,Also has caused the European and American countries high attention,In its internal growth pressure need to outside under the background of comfort,A triton of the Chinese are more likely to become the object of protectionist pressure.

　　其二，中国出口的增速高企招人诟病。2012年，中国出口增速预估值为8.8%，高于同期全球出口2.85%的增速；1980年以来，中国出口的年均增速为13.73%，更大幅高于全球出口5.71%的年均增速。尽管中国出口的规模和增速过大很大程度上和中国以加工贸易为主有关，但在以邻为壑的背景下，保护主义根本无视出口量大利薄的特性，而将体形较大的中国出口视作打击目标。

The second,China's export growth for high recruit.In 2012,,China's export growth estimates for 8.8%,The same period is higher than the 2.85% increase in global exports;Since 1980,China's export growth at an average annual rate of 13.73%,More significantly higher than the global export 5.71% of annual average growth.Although China's export scale and excessive growth to a great extent and China to give priority to the processing trade,But in the background of the do harm to a neighbour,Protectionism of neglecting export characteristics of Italian thin,And will shape greater China's export as target.

　　其三，中国出口商品数量、种类众多，较为醒目。尽管随着中国出口结构调整，2012年1-9月中国劳动密集型产品出口增速低于整体出口增速0.4个百分点，但纺织品、服装、家具、鞋类、箱包、塑料制品、玩具的出口总量依旧较大，欧美超市中遍布中国商品的现状没有改变。这虽然给欧美居民提供了生活便利，但容易给微观阶层带来一种“中国渗透”的直觉，并使其在经济萎靡背景下对中国出口保有敌意，而选民政治则进一步导致这种微观压力转化为宏观层面针对中国的保守主义行动。

thirdly,Chinese export commodities quantity/Many kinds,More eye-catching.Although with China's export structure adjustment,2012 1-9 month China labor-intensive products export growth below 0.4% overall export growth,But textile/clothing/furniture/footwear/bags/Plastic products/The toy exports are still larger,Europe and the United States in the supermarket in China commodity present situation has not changed.Though this to Europe and the United States resident provides convenient life,But easy to microscopic class with a"China infiltration"intuition,And in the background of a recession on China's export keep hostility,And voters political is further led to this kind of micro pressure into the macroscopic level according to China's conservative action.

　　其四，中国制造的外部非议依旧较大。随着中国人口结构变化，刘易斯拐点临近，中国劳动力比较优势正悄然缩小，人力成本不断上升，2008-2011年，中国制造业城镇单位就业人员平均工资年均增长14.5%，制造业农民工月收入年均增长15%。尽管如此，欧美国家对中国制造的传统印象并没有根本改变，非议中国出口企业滥用低廉劳动力、缺乏技术创新、依靠政府补贴，进而不断对中国制造施加反倾销、反补贴的保护主义压力。

its,Made in China external criticism is still large.As China's population structure change,Lewis inflection point is near,The comparative advantage of Chinese labor force is quietly narrow,The human cost rising,2008-2011,The Chinese manufacturing industry town unit obtain employment staff average wages grew at an average annual rate of 14.5%,Manufacturing monthly income of migrant workers the average annual growth of 15%.Even so,European and American countries for China traditional impression and there is no fundamental change,Exception China's export enterprise abuse of cheap Labour/Lack of technical innovation/Relying on government subsidy,And then to continuously made in China imposed anti-dumping/Countervailing protectionism pressure.

　　其五，中国企业的反制相对不足。由于刚进入高速成长期和快速崛起期，大部分中国出口企业对WTO规则和欧美国家法律、法规和市场环境缺乏充分了解和掌握，在保护主义冲击下，往往缺乏自我保护的意识和依法力争的能力，更缺少相机而动的反制策略，进而使保护主义肆无忌惮。

five,Chinese enterprises counterspell relative shortage.Because just enter the high speed growth and rapid rise period,Most Chinese export enterprises to WTO rules and the European and American national laws/Regulations and market environment, there is lack of sufficient understand and master,In protectionism under impact,Often lack ego to protect consciousness and the ability to strive for in accordance with law,The more the lack of see what can be done the direct strategy,And protectionism without scruple.

　　顺着逻辑链条进行分析，全球经济的失速调整、欧美政策的以邻为壑、中国经济的醒目增速、中国出口的量大利薄、中国制造的内涵不足与中国企业的内功不强，共同构成了保护主义肆虐、中国受伤的背景和原因。

The logic chain to carry on the analysis,The global economy stall adjustment/Europe and the United States policy do harm to a neighbour/China's economic growth of eye-catching/China's export quantity thin Italy/Made in China and the connotation of Chinese enterprises lack of internal strength is not strong,Constitute the protectionism wreak havoc/China's injured background and reason.

　　有鉴于此，为实现中国外贸的可持续发展，为了更好地应对保护主义的严峻挑战，中国有必要做到：

In view of this,To realize the sustainable development of China's foreign trade,In order to better cope with the challenge of protectionism,China is necessary to do it:

　　一是以我为主，中国经济需要以自身经济结构调整和发展方式转型化解外部冲击，培育内生增长动力，减少对外部需求的依赖；二是以退为进，中国经济需要在主动放缓增速的过程中实现增长质量的提高，不盲目追求不可持续的过高增速；三是顺势而为，中国外贸需要顺应全球经济失衡调整和中国经济转型发展的外部环境，将更多的眼光投向新兴市场，将更多的资源配置到高附加值的新兴产业；四是创新发展，中国出口企业需要把精力更多地从规模扩张、市场渗透转向技术创新和品牌树立，提升自身竞争力；五是据理力争，中国出口行业和出口企业需要更好地掌握应对技巧，适时适度使用反制手段，削弱全球保护主义的可能冲击；六是包容并蓄，中国宏观和微观阶层均需要更深、更广地融入到全球市场之中，加强国际间的沟通协作，夯实互利共赢的基础。

One is I give priority to,The Chinese economy needs to their own economic structure adjustment and development mode transformation resolve external shocks,Cultivate endogenous growth power,To reduce dependence on external demand;The second is retreat in order to advance,The Chinese economy needs in active growth slowed in the process of the improvement of the quality of economic growth,Don't blindly pursue unsustainable too high growth;The third is to surf,China's foreign trade need to conform to global economic imbalances adjustment and the development of China's economic transformation of external environment,More look to the emerging market,The more the allocation of resources to the high added value emerging industry;The fourth is innovation and development,China's export enterprise need to put more energy from the scale expansion/Market penetration steering technology innovation and brand set up,To raise their competitiveness;Five is fight it out,China's export trade and export enterprise need to better grasp skills to deal with,Timely appropriate use counterspell means,Weakening global protectionism may impact;Six is inclusive and storage,China macroscopic and microscopic class all need deeper/More broadly into the global market in,Strengthen international communication and cooperation,Tamp the basis of mutual benefit and win-win results.