本周三从世界主要贸易管理机构传递出的信息很明确：官方数据已经不能反映全球经济的真实情况。

This week the world's major trade management institutions re-understanding deliver information is very clear:Official data can't reflect the real situation of the global economy.

　　世界贸易组织（WTO）和经济合作与发展组织（OECD）同样明确地指出，他们所采用的“附加值”贸易测算方法更为准确，给有关贸易政策的辩论带来了变化。WTO和OECD在一项历时一年的研究课题中使用“附加值”方法计算贸易额，这种方法强调产品制造过程的分散性和全球性。这项研究结果为支持开放贸易的观点增添了砝码。这是因为，现在产品的供应链往往是全球化的，出口商在国际市场上的成功不仅依赖于他们制造最终产品的能力，还依赖于他们为制造过程进口相应原料的能力。

The world trade organization(WTO)And the organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD)Also clearly pointed out,They use"Added value"Trade method for calculating more accurate,To the relevant trade policy debate has brought changes.WTO and the OECD estimates in a year-long study used in the project"Added value"Method to calculate the volume of trade,This method put emphasis on product manufacturing process of dispersion and global.The results of this study support for open trade point of view added weight.This is because,Now products supply chain is often the globalization,Exporters in the international market success not only depends on their ability to make the final product,Also depend on them for manufacturing process of raw materials import corresponding ability.

　　对于生产过程全球化的商品，高关税及其他进口壁垒都会拖累出口，损害经济和就业，而不是起到保护作用。OECD和WTO表示：“限制中间产品进口的保护性措施会提高生产成本，从而降低一国产品在出口市场上的竞争力。”

For the production process of globalization commodity,High tariffs and other barriers to imports will drag export,Damage to the economy and employment,Not protect.OECD and the WTO said:"Limit imports of intermediate product protective measures will improve the production cost,So as to reduce one country products in the export market competitiveness."

　　“限制采购外国中间商品和服务的政策，也会损害一国在区域和全球供应链中的地位。”

"Limit purchase goods and services among foreign policy,Also can damage a country in the area and the status of the global supply chain."

　　英国的欧洲怀疑论者可能会指出，“附加值”贸易数据表明，英国出口商比过去人们以为的更依赖美国消费者，更少依赖欧盟。然而，疏远与欧洲的关系可能会损害英国对美国的贸易。如果美国人从英国购买的产品是由产自其他欧洲国家的零部件制造而成的，那么，英国退出欧盟将会提高最终产品的价格。

Britain's European sceptics might point out,"Added value"Trade data show that,British exporters than in the past the people thought that more dependent on American consumers,Less dependent on the European Union.however,The relationship between alienation and Europe may damage to the British trade.If the United States from Britain to buy products are made from production from other European countries parts manufacturing and become,so,Britain out of the European Union will increase the price of the final product.

　　全球贸易性质的变化对于小企业尤其重要，只要所在国家实行贸易开放政策，灵活的小企业就可以从更加全球化的供应链中赚取利润。该报告指出：“为了在全球范围内竞争，企业需要在维持低库存的状态下对需求做出灵敏反应，如果他们进口的中间产品总是因为不可预料的原因被耽搁在边境上，就不可能做到这一点。”现有的贸易收支测算方法自大卫 李嘉图（David Ricardo）时代以来几乎没怎么变过。这位英国经济学家有一个著名论断：出口国和进口国都会从贸易中受益，因为各国在提供不同商品和服务方面具有比较优势。

The change of global trade nature for small business is especially important,As long as the countries that are more open to trade policy,Agile small businesses from more global supply chain profit.The report pointed out that:"In order to compete in the global scope,Enterprise need to maintain low inventory condition on demand responsive,If they import intermediate products always because of unpredictable reason is delayed at the border,Could not do this."The existing method for calculating the balance of payments from David ricardo(David ricardo)Since the time almost didn't change.The British economist has a famous judge:Exporter and importer will benefit from trade,Because of countries in provide different goods and services has comparative advantage.

　　然而200年前李嘉图写出关于比较优势的论文时，商品主要是由一国内生产的零部件制造出来的。尽管他的理论至今仍是正确的，但生产过程的实际情况已经发生了巨大改变。

But 200 years ago ricardo write about the comparative advantage of the paper,Commodity is mainly composed of a domestic production parts made.Although his theory is still correct,But the production process of the actual situation has changed dramatically.

　　审视iPhone的生产过程就可以发现，为何最常用的贸易收支测算方法（这种方法仅以商品和服务的贸易总流量为基础进行计算）不能反映贸易在整体经济中的作用。

Look at the iPhone production process can be found,Why are the most commonly used method for calculating the balance of the trade(This method only to the trade of goods and services based on total flow calculation)Can't reflect the role of trade in the economy as a whole.

　　根据经济学家邢予青的研究，苹果的产品由包括美国在内的五个国家中的九家企业制造。所有的元件都被运到设在中国大陆的台资公司富士康（Foxconn），组装成iPhone后再运往美国。

According to economists XingYu green research,Apple's products, including the United States, the five countries in nine enterprise manufacturing.All the components are in mainland China to Taiwan company representative(Foxconn),Assemble iPhone before being shipped to the United States.

　　以2009年为例，当时每生产一部iPhone，元件生产企业（没有一家在中国）合计可以获得172.46美元，而富士康可以得到6.50美元。然而，在双边贸易数据中，每部手机178.96美元的价值却全部记录在中国出口项目下。

Taking 2009 as an example,At that time each production a iPhone,Element production enterprise(No one in China)Aggregate can get $172.46,And the representative can get $6.50.however,In bilateral trade data,The value of $178.96 each mobile phone but all recorded in China's export project.

　　从账面上看，富士康参与iPhone生产给中国的贸易收支带来了20亿美元的进账，尽管这20亿美元中多数转移给了外国公司，其中也包括美国公司——美国的元件制造商从每部iPhone上可以获得10.75美元。

Look from the book,Representative to participate in iPhone to Chinese production of the balance of payments brought $2 billion of the account,Although most of the $2 billion has transferred to the foreign companies,Including the United States, the United States from each iPhone components manufacturer can get $10.75.

　　按照“附加值”测算方法，中国从这一生产活动中获得的贸易收入只有7300万美元，这样一来，中国对美国的贸易顺差就要相应缩小。

According to the"Added value"Method for calculating,China from the production activities of the trade income for only $73 million,so,China's trade surplus with the United States will be reduced.