近日，财政部、国家发展改革委等部门联合发布了《国内投资项目不予免税的进口商品目录（2012年调整）》（以下简称《目录》）对部分国内不能满足要求的设备降低了技术规格门槛，同时，提高了部分设备的进口免税技术规格。核电相关设备成为该目录“发电机输变电设备”中的新增条目，这意味着，从2013年1月1日起，16项核电相关设备进入国内不予免税进口商品目录，再次释放出我国核电设备加速推进国产化的积极信号。 

recently,The ministry of finance/The national development and reform commission and other departments jointly issued[Domestic investment projects shall be exempted from catalogue(2012 adjustment)](Hereinafter referred to as[directory])For some domestic can't meet the requirements of the equipment to reduce the threshold of technical specifications,At the same time,Improve the part of the equipment imported duty-free technical specifications.Nuclear power equipment become the directory"Generator power transmission and transformation equipment"New entries in the,This means that,From January 1, 2013,16 nuclear power equipment into the domestic not duty-free imports directory,To release the China nuclear power equipment of accelerating the positive signal. 

　　“上述修订原则将对我国核电设备国产化带来长期政策利好，对国内核电装备制造业来说可谓久旱逢甘霖，但短期内效果不会很明显，难以形成规模效应。”厦门大学中国能源经济研究中心主任林伯强接受《中国电力报》记者采访时表示，相比二代核电技术的掌握，国内虽有部分企业已研发出核电三代设备，但在标准体系、技术储备、鉴定设施、安全管理、实际操作等方面仍有很多工作要做。 

"The revised principle will to our country of nuclear power equipment long-term good policy,On domestic nuclear power equipment manufacturing industry is the long drought river-beds,But in the short term effect is not obvious,Hard to form scale effect."Xiamen university, China's energy economy research center director LinBoJiang accept[China's power to]A reporter to interview said,Compared with the second generation nuclear power technology control,Although some domestic enterprise has developed three generations of nuclear power equipment,But in the standard system/Technical reserves/Appraisal facilities/Safety management/The actual operation there still have a lot of work to do. 

　　16项设备不予免税 

16 equipment will not be free 

　　据了解，《目录》新增的核电设备共16项，包括反应堆主冷却剂泵、核岛直流不间断电源、非能动余热排出热交换器、核反应堆压力容器安全壳、核反应堆厂房环形吊车、主给水泵组、核安全三级及以下的核级泵、DCS仪控设备、放射性废物处理设备、K1类及K3类或AP10001E级大截面动力电缆及乏燃料贮存格架等设备。 

It is understood,[directory]New nuclear power equipment a total of 16,Including main reactor coolant pump/Nuclear island dc uninterrupted power supply/The dynamic residual heat removal heat exchanger/Nuclear reactor pressure vessel containment/Nuclear reactor plant ring crane/Main feed pump group/Nuclear safety level 3 and the following nuclear stage pump/DCS instrument control equipment/Radioactive waste processing equipment/K1 class and K3 class or AP10001E level big cross section power cable and spent fuel storage grid equipment. 

　　近年来，我国核电装备国产化能力不断增强，核电供应链也在逐步完善。通过消化吸收引进技术、自主创新和大规模技术改造，建成了具有国际先进水平的核电装备制造基地，掌握了核岛和常规岛关键设备设计、制造核心技术，核电设备制造供应能力逐步提高。以核电电缆为例，目前国内企业已经研发出具有自主知识产权的核电站用1E级K1、K3类电缆产品，技术达到国际先进水平，填补了国内空白。而且，也已经具备生产AP1000核岛电缆的能力。 

In recent years,Nuclear power equipment localization in China increased the capacity,Nuclear power supply chain also gradually improve.Through the introduction of technology digestion and absorption/Independent innovation and large-scale technical reform,Has completed the international advanced level of nuclear power equipment manufacturing base,Mastery of the nuclear island and ChangGuiDao key equipment design/Manufacturing core technology,Nuclear power equipment manufacturing supply capacity gradually improve.With nuclear power cable as an example,At present domestic enterprise has been developed with independent intellectual property rights of the nuclear power plant in class 1 e K1/K3 class cable products,Technology has reached the international advanced level,To fill the domestic blank.and,Also has the ability of production AP1000 nuclear cable. 

　　早在2010年，我国AP1000核岛关键设备大型锻件、压力容器、蒸汽发生器、主泵、主管道、钢制安全壳等设备的国产化工作已取得了实质性进展。中国第一重型机械集团公司（简称“中国一重”）在压力容器锻件完全国产化的基础上，突破难度最大的蒸汽发生器管板，再次实现蒸汽发生器锻件完全国产化。 

As early as in 2010,Our country AP1000 nuclear island key equipment of large forgings/Pressure vessel/Steam generator/Main pump/main/Steel containment, and other equipment localization work has made substantial progress.China first heavy machinery group company(Referred to as"The heavy")In the pressure vessel forgings completely based on the localization,Break through the most difficult steam generator tube plate,To the steam generator forgings completely localization. 

　　“目前我国二代改进型压水堆核电站设备国产化能力达80%以上，核电控制系统、锆管、蒸发器U型管、应急电源、核级阀门等一大批核电关键设备实现了国产化。三代核电设备制造国产化目前虽说也取得重要进展，但距离完全满足安全标准还有一段距离。”林伯强告诉记者。 

"At present our country the second generation advanced pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant equipment localization capacity of more than 80%,Nuclear power control system/Zirconium tube/Evaporator U tube/Emergency power supply/Nuclear level valve and a large number of nuclear power key equipment to realize the localization.Three generations of nuclear power equipment manufacturing localization at present although also made important progress,But distance completely meet safety standards and a distance."LinBoJiang told reporters. 

　　“国产化”任重道远 

"localization"Shoulder heavy responsibilities 

　　《国家能源科技“十二五”规划》中明确指出，到2020年全面掌握在运、在建核电站设备的制造技术。这不仅为我国核能科技发展起到很好的指导作用，无疑也将成为加速核电装备制造国产化进程的有力支撑。 

[National energy science and technology"1025"planning]Clearly pointed out that,By 2020 a comprehensive grasp of the shipment/In nuclear power plant equipment manufacturing technology.This not only for China's nuclear energy development in science and technology have very good guidance function,No doubt will also be accelerating nuclear power equipment manufacturing process of strong support. 

　　“按照核安全规划，核安全事故发生几率指标为10的负5次方到10的负6次方。”中国一重总经理吴生富表示，这只有第三代核电才能满足规划中的安全标准需求。 

"According to the nuclear safety planning,Nuclear safety accident risk indicators for 10 negative power of 5 to 10 negative and power."The general manager of heavy WuSheng rich said,This is only the third generation nuclear power to meet the demand in the planning of safety standards. 

　　由于生产第三代核电所需要的技术要求特别高，所以，在国内企业难以达到生产要求的前提下，中国从日本和韩国购买了大量设备和锻件。 

Because the production of the third generation of nuclear power technology needed to require special high,so,It is difficult to achieve in the domestic enterprise production requirements of the premise,China from Japan and South Korea had bought a large supply of equipment and forgings. 

　　目前，上海电气、东方电气、中广核、中国一重等国内核电设施和材料制造商已研制出第三代核电设施和材料，某些材料达不到核三代安全指标的或进口不能替代的将采取合作开发或采购引进国外先进技术设施。 

At present,Shanghai electric/Oriental electric/Widely in nuclear/The heavy, domestic nuclear power facilities and materials manufacturers have developed the third generation of nuclear facilities and materials,Some materials can not reach the nuclear three generations of safety indicators or import irreplaceable will take cooperative development or purchase the introduction of advanced foreign technology facilities. 

　　针对未来核电设备国产化道路上存在的瓶颈，国家核电技术公司专家委员会专家郁祖盛认为：“目前国内尚未建立起完整的核电站设备鉴定体系，这已成为核电设备国产化的‘软肋’，直接影响到能动部件，特别是泵、阀和电气部件的国产化。”中国东方电气集团有限公司总经理斯泽夫则表示：“从目前掌握的情况来看，国内一些龙头企业已经具备为核电站建设提供安全可靠设备的技术条件，相关标准也正在逐步完善，关键是管理问题，这是保障核安全不容忽视的重要环节。”业内专家认为，相比于二代技术的掌握，国内虽有部分企业已研发出核电三代设备，但未有实际操作背景，新开发产品质量的稳定性有一定问题，不能投入实际使用，还达不到商用标准。不难看出，国产核电设备制造企业只有进一步掌握核心话语权，才能真正实现核电设备的国产化。 

In the future nuclear power equipment based on the bottleneck of the road there,National nuclear power technology company expert committee of experts YuZuCheng think:"At present domestic has not yet set up a complete nuclear power plant equipment appraisal system,This has become a nuclear power equipment based‘Soft rib’,Directly affect the active components,Especially the pump/Valve and electrical parts localization."China Eastern electric group co., LTD., general manager of ze husband, said:"From the current master of the situation,Some domestic leading enterprise has for nuclear power plant construction to provide safe and reliable equipment and technical conditions,Standards are also gradually improve,The key is management problem,This is the guarantee nuclear safety nots allow to ignore the important link."The expert inside course of study thinks,Compared to the second generation techniques,Although some domestic enterprise has developed three generations of nuclear power equipment,But there is no practical background,The new development of stability of the product quality have some problem,Can't into actual use,Still can not reach the commercial standard.It is easy to see,Domestic nuclear power equipment manufacturing enterprise only further to grasp the core of the discourse,Can we truly achieve the nuclear power equipment localization. 

　　核电设备市场需警惕“倒春寒” 

Nuclear power equipment market should be vigilant"late" 

　　中电新闻网记者壹心 

CLP news network reporter one heart 

　　随着岁末年初山东石岛湾核电站、福建福清核电站等四大核电项目的相继重启，有机构预测，到2020年，国内核电装备市场规模将达万亿元。冰冻已久的核电设备制造企业或将迎来“第二春”。 

As at the beginning of this shandong shidao bay nuclear power plant/Fujian fuqing nuclear power plant and so on four big nuclear power project after restart,Estimates are,By 2020,Domestic nuclear power equipment market size will CTKM one hundred million yuan.Frozen already a long time of nuclear power equipment manufacturing enterprises or will have"The second spring". 

　　然而，一边是不断升级的核安全标准，一边是第三代核电技术被提上日程，设备企业不得不考虑日益严苛的技术要求与市场风险，警惕“倒春寒”。 

however,One side is escalating nuclear safety standards,One is the third generation of nuclear power technology has been put on the agenda,Equipment enterprise have to consider increasingly harsh technical requirements and market risk,alert"late". 

　　事实上，先进核电设备制造是小众市场，主要利好主力装备制造企业。在电力设备制造企业中，东方电气、哈尔滨电站、上海电气三大电站装备制造集团是最主要受益单位。与生产核电主设备的“国字号”央企相比，面对谨慎的放行政策，一些生产核电配套材料的民营企业的发展或许并不乐观。核电投资周期长、投入高、技术门槛高，而且宏观调控政策的收紧直接影响到市场需求，相关民营企业的资金成本、时间成本都会相应增大，从而风险增大。 

In fact,Advanced nuclear power equipment manufacturing is small the market,The main benefit main equipment manufacturing enterprise.In the electric power equipment manufacturing enterprises,Oriental electric/Harbin power/Shanghai electric three power station equipment manufacturing group is one of the main beneficiaries.The main equipment and the production of nuclear power"GuoZiHao"Compared to renmin,In the face of the prudent release policy,Some of the production of nuclear power supporting materials of private enterprise development may not optimistic.Nuclear investment cycle is long/Into high/Technology high threshold,And the macroeconomic regulation and control policy tightening directly affect the market demand,Relevant private enterprises of the capital cost/Time cost will increase accordingly,Increased risk to. 

　　虽说我国核电装备制造业面临着全面国产化的强烈诉求，但相关制造技术达不到标准，只能进口国外产品来进行核电站建设也是摆在面前的事实。我国核电发展的历程中采用了多种堆型技术，国外装备制造商已经先入为主；国外厂商放缓合作、技术转让步伐；核电供货标准复杂多样，产品只能停留在多品种小批量的生产模式上等，一系列原因使得发展后劲减弱。 

Although nuclear power equipment manufacturing industry in our country faces full of a strong appeal,But related manufacturing technology can not reach the standard,Can only import foreign products for nuclear power plant construction is in front of the facts.The development of nuclear power in China using a variety of DuiXing technology,Foreign equipment manufacturers have first impressions are most lasting;Slowing foreign manufacturers cooperation/Technology transfer pace;Nuclear power supply standard is complicated,The product can only stay in many kinds of small batch production mode quality,A series of causes weakened development in the future. 

　　目前各大企业对核电项目重启蠢蠢欲动，积极备战项目招标，预计两个月左右会进入相关设备的采购高峰期。由于AP1000机组核岛设备采购模式非常复杂，核岛主设备的关键材料和部件经过多层分包。因此，各级分包商的质量、计划的沟通异常困难，这对管理来说，是一个不容忽视的考验。

At present each big enterprise to move to restart nuclear power project,Positive for project bidding,Two months is expected to enter related equipment purchasing peak.Because of AP1000 nuclear unit equipment procurement mode is very complicated,The main equipment in the nuclear materials and components through the layers.so,The sub-contractor quality at all levels/Plan communication difficult,This is for management,Is a test of nots allow to ignore.