近期我国贸易数据异常现象受到市场关注，但银行在其中所扮演的角色尚未引起注意。而深圳银监局日前向辖内银行下发的一份通知则揭开这层面纱。

近期我国贸易数据异常现象受到市场关注,But the Banks in which the role of has not been noticed.The shenzhen branch has to facility bank issued a notice, this layer of veil.

　　证券时报记者获悉，这份通知全名为《关于对保税区企业相关进出口贸易融资业务风险提示的通知》，提示银行加强贸易真实性审查，严控理财业务与进出口业务之间的风险传递。

证券时报记者获悉,The full name for the notice[About free trade zone related to import and export trade financing business risk warning notice],Prompt Banks to strengthen trade authenticity review,Strict controls of financial risk contagion between business and import and export business.

　　“空转”虚构贸易数据

"idling"Fictitious trading data

　　按照《通知》内容，深圳市一季度进出口贸易出现异常增长，主要是因为深圳福田、沙头角两个保税区部分从事黄金、高新电子等高价值产品进出口的外贸企业，通过同一货物在深港之间反复进出的“货物空转”方式，虚构进出口贸易。

按照[notice]The content,Shenzhen import and export trade in the first quarter of the abnormal growth,Mainly because of shenzhen futian/Sha tau kok two bonded parts in gold/高新electronic等高价值产品进出口的外贸企业,By the same goods in and out again and again in between shenzhen and Hong Kong"The goods idle"way,Import and export trade of fiction.

　　此前，海关总署新闻发言人郑跃声表示，一些企业通过货物的出口带来资金流入，来套取内地与香港人民币利差，海关总署已关注该现象。国家外汇管理局也于5月初发布了关于加强外汇资金流入管理有关问题的通知。

此前,Zheng Yuesheng, spokesman for the general administration of customs said,Some companies through the export of goods flows,To show the mainland and Hong Kong renminbi spreads,General administration of customs has focused on the phenomenon.Issued by the state administration of foreign exchange is also the beginning of may about inflows of foreign exchange management related issues notice.

　　数据显示，今年一季度中国外贸进出口总值同比增13.4%，其中出口增18.4%、进口增8.4%。而同期深圳进出口同比大增80%，这一现象引来外界诸多猜测。

数据显示,In the first quarter this year 13.4% year-on-year increase in China's foreign trade import and export value,Exports increased 18.4%/Imports increased 8.4%.Compared with shenzhen import and export has increased 80% year-on-year,This phenomenon draws much speculation.

　　深圳一家中型进出口企业职员告诉证券时报记者，一季度受春节因素影响，贸易规模通常不大，今年一季度进出口数据的确有些反常，很可能因部分虚假贸易导致。

深圳一家中型进出口企业职员告诉证券时报记者,In the first quarter is influenced by factors during the Spring Festival,Trade scale usually is not big,In the first quarter this year the import and export data is a bit abnormal,Probably caused by false trade part.

　　“伪造虚假贸易对于报关公司来说非常普遍，有的报关公司向海关申报的数据与实际不相符，目的在于骗取国家出口退税。”上述进出口企业职员说，“还有一些企业通过 香港一日游 等贸易形式伪造出口以骗取外汇贷款。”

"A false trade is very common for customs declaration company,Some customs declaration company to declare to the customs data is inconsistent with the actual,Purpose is to defraud country export tax rebates."Staff said that the import and export enterprises,"By some enterprises One-day tour of Hong Kong Trade forms such as forge export to foreign exchange loan."

　　部分银行当帮凶

部分银行当帮凶

　　事实上，贸易虚高的“元凶”不仅包括骗取出口退税的公司，还包括意图套取人民币两地利率和汇率价差的公司，银行在其中扮演着更为隐秘的角色。“不少银行心知肚明，甚至 助纣为虐 。”广东省社会科学综合开发研究中心主任黎友焕（微博）向记者表示。

事实上,Trade inflated"To blame for"Not only includes companies defraud a tax refund for exports,Also includes the intention of taking RMB interest rate and exchange rate spreads both companies,Banks play a more intimate role in it."Many Banks,even To collaborate ."Li youhuan, director of the social science comprehensive development research center of guangdong province(weibo)Said to the reporter.

　　深圳银监局上述《通知》也指出，虚构进出口贸易的企业一般以银行的理财产品作为质押担保办理进出口贸易融资，利用深港汇差和利差进行套利活动。这种做法严重扰乱了国家宏观经济秩序，违背了金融服务实体经济的要求，并带来一定的风险隐患。

深圳银监局上述[notice]Also pointed out that,Fictitious enterprises of import and export trade on bank's wealth management products as a pledge to handle the import and export trade finance,Take advantage and spreads deep port rate arbitrage.It severely disrupted the national macro economic order,Violated the financial service of the real economy requirements,Bring some risk and hazard.

　　除了以理财产品作为质押担保办理贸易融资外，据了解，深圳地区大部分银行均开设“内保外贷”业务，即境内银行开具保函提供担保，境外银行为境内企业在境外的关联公司发放人民币贷款。

除了以理财产品作为质押担保办理贸易融资外,We have learned,Most of the Banks are open in shenzhen area"Qualify for credit within"The business,The domestic bank issue letter of guarantee to provide guarantee,Foreign Banks to domestic enterprises in foreign affiliates to issue renminbi loans.

　　记者在采访中发现，在揽储压力大的背景下，部分银行甚至将内保外贷设计为理财计划。一家国有大行深圳分行内部人士曾向记者透露，由于内保外贷有机会套取境内外利差和汇差，通常银行可以为此类理财产品提供高于存款利率的收益，此举还能为银行带来可观的国际业务结算量。

记者在采访中发现,Under the background of the stress of deposits,Some Banks even will qualify for loans in design to financial planning.A state-owned bank shenzhen branch insiders have told reporters,Due to qualify for loans in the chance to show the inside and outside spreads and rate,Banks can offer such products usually higher than deposit rate of returns,It also can bring substantial international business JieSuanLiang to Banks.

　　银行需提高警戒线

银行需提高警戒线

　　深圳银监局这则《通知》无疑指向了银行此类贸易融资产品。《通知》还要求“各行要加强客户准入管理，严格做好各环节尽职调查，充分了解客户背景及信用状况；加强贸易真实性审查，严格审核合同、报关单、发票等单据，确保贸易背景真实。”

深圳银监局这则[notice]Such trade financing product clearly points to the bank.[notice]Also requires"All must strengthen customer access management,Completes each link strict due diligence,Fully understand the customer's background and the status of the credit;To strengthen trade authenticity review,Strict audit contract/Customs declaration form/Invoice and the documents,To ensure that the real trade background."

　　值得注意的是，《通知》还强调要“审慎开展理财产品质押办理进出口表内外贸易融资业务，严控理财业务与进出口业务之间的风险传递。”

值得注意的是,[notice]Also emphasized to"Prudent conduct financial product pledge to handle the import and export table inside and outside the trade finance business,Strict controls of financial risk contagion between business and import and export business."

　　“我们行在贸易融资这块业务量较少，但对这一文件还是很关注。”一家股份制银行深圳分行公司业务客户经理告诉记者，“毕竟深圳这块的整体业务需求较大，不知道监管方面后续是否还会有动作。”

"We walk in less trade financing the business,But the file is still on."A joint-stock bank shenzhen branch company business account manager told reporters,"Shenzhen, after all, the overall business needs,不知道监管方面after续是否还会有动作."

　　另一家国有银行深圳分行内部人士则称，“今后银行在做贸易融资相关业务时肯定会更加规范和严格，这对大行来说或许是件好事。因为此前一些中小银行为了抢夺客户，不惜放言降低门槛，对于客户的真实贸易背景审查不仔细。”

另一家国有银行深圳分行内部人士则称,"今after银行在做贸易融资相关The business时肯定会更加规范和严格,It is probably a good thing for big line.After some small and medium-sized Banks in order to grab customers,At rumoured to reduce the threshold,For the customer's real trade background check is not careful."