四个月里发起三次“337调查”，美国国际贸易委员会的举动不可谓不疯狂，而中国电子设备企业俨然成了最大的“受害者”。有关专家指出，这种缺乏合理性的单边制裁性质的法律手段乃是企业市场化的产物，中国电子设备军团在海外市场的不断壮大让美国企业有了恐惧感。

Four months launch three times“337 survey”，United States international trade commission act not is not crazy，And China's electronic equipment enterprise has become the biggest“victims”。Concerned expert points out，This lack of rationality of unilateral sanctions nature of the legal means is the product of the marketization of enterprises，China's electronic equipment legion in overseas market expansion let American companies have fear。

　　四个月发起三次调查

Four months launch three times survey

　　昨日，美国国际贸易委员会对多家企业生产的无线电子设备发起“337调查”，以确定是否存在专利侵权行为。这也是四个月来所发起的第三次调查。

yesterday，United States international trade commission to a number of enterprises production by wireless electronic equipment“337 survey”，To determine whether there is a patent infringement behavior。This is four months to initiate the third survey。

　　美国国际贸易委员会发表声明说，涉案产品主要是具有无线功能的消费电子设备及组件，如平板电脑、智能手机、电子书、无线路由器和手持游戏机等。这项调查共涉及13家企业，包括三星、LG、中兴、华为、亚马逊等。

United States international trade commission said in a statement，Products are mainly involved is a wireless function of consumer electronic equipment and components，Such as tablet PC、Intelligent mobile phone、ebook、Wireless routers and handheld game, etc。The study inoled a total of 13 enterprises，Including samsung、LG、zte、huawei、amazon。

　　此次调查起源于美国加利福尼亚州的三家公司于今年7月向美国国际贸易委员会提出申诉，指控美国进口并在美国市场销售的上述涉案产品侵犯了该公司专利，要求启动“337调查”，并发布排除令和禁止进口令。

This investigation originated in the United States of California three companies in July this year to the United States international trade commission to lodge a complaint，Accused the United States of import and sales in the United States market the products involved infringed the patent，Requirements start“337 survey”，And issue to eliminate and banned imports of order。

　　今年5月，美国国际贸易委员会对45家公司发起“337调查”，以确定这些公司在生产带有可伸缩USB连接器的电子设备时是否存在专利侵权行为。6月，美国国际贸易委员会又对中国内地及台湾地区多家企业生产的电子成像设备发起“337调查”。

In may this year，United States international trade commission to 45 companies launch“337 survey”，To determine the company in production with telescopic USB connector electronic equipment whether there is patent infringement behavior。June，United States international trade commission and to mainland China and Taiwan a number of enterprises production of electronic imaging equipment launch“337 survey”。

　　所谓“337调查”最早得名于《1930年美国关税法》第337条。根据该条款，美国国际贸易委员会有权调查有关专利和注册商标侵权的申诉，此外也开展涉及盗用商业机密、商品包装侵权、仿制和虚假广告等内容的调查。

The so-called“337 survey”Gets its name from the earliest《In 1930 the United States tariff act》Article 337。According to the terms，United States international trade commission shall have the right to investigate relevant patent and registered trademark infringement appeal，In addition also involved in stealing trade secrets、Infringement of commodity packaging、Imitation and false advertising content of the investigation。

　　根据有关程序，美国国际贸易委员会在启动“337调查”后，该机构必须在45日内确定终裁的目标时间，并尽快完成调查，通常案件需要在一年内做出裁决。如果涉案企业被裁定违反了“337条款”，美国国际贸易委员会将发布相关产品的排除令和禁止进口令，这意味着涉案产品将彻底丧失进入美国市场的资格。

According to the relevant procedures，United States international trade commission at startup“337 survey”after，The agency must be in 45 days to determine the final goal time，And as soon as possible survey，Usually the case need to make a decision within a year。If the enterprise is involved in violation of the ruling“Article 337”，United States international trade commission will be published related products to make out and banned imports，This means that the products involved will completely lose access to the U.S. market qualification。

　　中国企业“很受伤”

Chinese enterprises“Is injured”

　　多年来，“337条款”被美国公司作为一种武器，来应对其知识产权遭侵犯或者外国竞争者以其他形式的不公平竞争行为。而随着近年来中国产品竞争力在世界上的提高，美国企业也频频利用知识产权壁垒对中国产品设障，针对中国企业多次发起“双反”调查和“337调查”。

For many years，“Article 337”By the United States company as a weapon，To deal with the intellectual property rights to violations or foreign competitors to other forms of unfair competition behavior。But in recent years, with China's product competitiveness in the world increase，The enterprise also repeatedly use intellectual property barriers on Chinese products manning，According to Chinese enterprises launched many times“Double reverse”Investigation and“337 survey”。

　　数据显示，今年上半年，在美国发起的29起“337调查”中，涉及中国台湾的案件共14起(1起案件可能涉及多个国家和地区，下同)，占比48.3%，列首位；其次为涉及中国内地的案件11起，占比37.9%。

Data display，In the first half of this year，In the United States launched the 29“337 survey”in，The case involving Chinese Taiwan 14 up(1 case may involve many countries and regions，Similarly hereinafter)，Accounted for more than 48.3%，Listed the first；Followed by involved in mainland China 11 cases，Accounted for more than 37.9%。

　　中国商务部也多次表示，希望美国政府恪守反对贸易保护主义承诺，共同维护自由、开放、公正的国际贸易环境，以更加理性的方法妥善处理贸易摩擦。

China's commerce ministry also said many times，Hope that the U.S. government abide by against trade protectionism commitment，Common maintenance free、open、Fair international trade environment，With a more rational way properly handle the trade friction。

　　对于此次调查，“涉案”的中兴通讯马上做出了官方回应，称公司将积极应诉，愿意基于公平合理的原则解决来自任何方面的知识产权争议。

For this investigation，“involved”The zte immediately made the official response，Said the company will actively appearance，Based on the principle of fair and reasonable to solve from any aspects of intellectual property rights dispute。

　　通信世界网总编辑刘启诚认为，这是美国为了保护其本土企业的市场份额不流失于外来企业的做法。在通讯设备领域，中兴、华为近年来在美国以及其他海外市场份额迅速扩大，中兴更是惟一一家跻身全球五大手机厂商行列的中国厂商，对美国厂商造成了巨大的压迫感，因此采用了这种具有单边制裁性质的行为。

Communication world network editor in chief LiuQiCheng think，This is the United States in order to protect the local enterprises, the market share of the loss in the practice of foreign enterprises。In the field of communication equipment，zte、Huawei in recent years in the United States and other overseas market share expanded rapidly，Zte is only a among the five major mobile phone manufacturer ranks of Chinese manufacturers，For American manufacturers caused a huge oppressive feeling，Therefore adopted this has unilateral sanctions against the behavior of the nature。

　　据世界知识产权组织(WIPO)的统计数据显示，去年国际专利申请创下新纪录。中国、日本和美国占了总增长的82%。其中，中兴通讯以2826件专利申请排名第一，华为以1831件专利申请排名第三。

According to the world intellectual property organization(WIPO)Statistical data show，Last year the international patent application set a new record。China、Japan and the United States accounted for 82% of total growth。the，Zte to 2826 pieces in an application for a patent for the first，Huawei in 1831 an application for a patent for a third。

　　市场化运作下的阴谋论

Market-oriented operation of the conspiracy theory

　　“这多少有些‘阴谋论’的调调。”某通信设备厂商相关人士向记者说道，“这些被调查的企业中，很多都和2011年2月与奥巴马用餐的企业有竞争关系。比如中兴、华为是思科在电信系统设备领域的竞争对手；三星、HTC、中兴、华为是苹果在智能手机领域的竞争对手；而亚马逊则与谷歌、苹果在云计算和平板电脑领域有激烈的竞争。2012年是美国政府的大选年，曾与奥巴马一起用餐以及有利益关系的公司都会在大选年通过合法的竞选捐款最终获得对自己有利的利益。”

“How much this some‘Conspiracy theory’air。”A communication equipment manufacturers relevant personage told reporters，“These are in the enterprises of the investigation，Many are and in February 2011 and Obama dining enterprise competitive relationship。Such as zte、Huawei is cisco in telecommunication system equipment field competition；samsung、HTC、zte、Huawei is apple in intelligent mobile phone field competition；And the amazon, and Google、Apple in cloud computing and tablet PC areas are fierce competition。2012 is the U.S. government's election year，Had dinner with Obama and interests of the company will be in the election year through the legal campaign donations finally obtain favorable interest。”

　　对外经贸大学中国世贸组织研究院副院长屠新泉表示，对美国企业来说，现在最主要的优势就是技术优势，所以要利用各种各样的手段来维护自己在这种技术上的先进性和竞争力。而频繁地使用“337调查”，在某种程度上施压的意味大于实际意义。一方面对企业可以产生一种威慑的效果，另一方面可能也是对出口国政府施压，要求在各国保护好美国的知识产权。

Foreign economic and trade university, vice President of the China institute of the world trade organization (wto) TuXinQuan said，In the United States for enterprise，Now the main advantage is the technical advantage，So to use various means to maintain himself in this technical advancement and competitiveness。And frequent use“337 survey”，To some extent that pressure is greater than the actual meaning。On the one hand to the enterprise can produce a deterrent effect，On the other hand may also put pressure on the government to exporters，Requirements in different countries to protect the intellectual property rights in the United States。

　　显然，“337调查”已不仅仅是一种法律诉讼，而是被企业视做一种市场化手段用来进行市场竞争。用中国国际贸易协会理事闵森的话来说，同反倾销和反补贴案件相比，“337调查”裁决的力度更大，一旦被裁决，涉案产品将被直接排除出美国市场。（商报记者 吴辰光 张慧敏）

obviously，“337 survey”Is not only is a kind of legal proceedings，But by the enterprise as a kind of market means to market competition。With China international trade association MinSen words，With anti-dumping and countervailing compared to the case，“337 survey”The strength of the award more big，Once the decision was，Products will be involved directly ruled out the American market。（Business newspaper reporter Wu operation Zhang huimin arrived）