本报从第十三届中国纺织品服装贸易展览会(纽约)上获悉，我国参展的纺织出口企业竞争力不断提升，美国经济的回弹迹象使人们看到了希望。而美国市场的一些新变化，如纺织品服装的生产国已不仅仅局限于中国，除了印度、孟加拉、越南、巴基斯坦等国家外，还有一些是来自美国本土，这些因美国纺织业复苏而回流的订单会否对我国产业造成新的威胁?面对越来越激烈的市场竞争，我国出口企业还有哪些竞争优势? 纺织服装出口业是否已摆脱颓势？颇值得关注。

From the 13th China's textile and apparel trade fairs(New York)about,Our country the textile export enterprise to improve competitiveness,The United States economic rebound signs make people see the hope.And the United States market some new changes,Such as textiles and garment producers is not only limited in China,In addition to India/Bangladesh/Vietnam/Pakistan and other countries outside,Others are from the United States,These for the textile industry recovery and return order to our country industry will not cause new threat?Facing more and more intense market competition,Our export enterprise what competitive advantage? Textile exports have get rid of flagging?Quite worthy of attention.

　　部分美国订单回流本土

Part of the American order return home

　　近两年来，由于国内原材料价格和劳动力成本不断上涨，中国纺织出口企业的竞争力面临着严峻的考验。在市场需求尚未摆脱颓势的情况下，欧美采购商开始寻找生产成本相对较低的供货商。一时间，“订单转移”成为了让我国纺织出口企业无奈却又不得不面对的问题。谈到近期欧美市场的现状，这也是对业内人士触动最大的一点。例如，目前许多美国的采购商已将生产订单从中国大陆转移到其他纺织品生产国。产品种类以棉制品居多；而论及产品档次，通常是制作工艺简单、大众款式的纺织服装产品。让人颇感意外的是，这些订单不仅转移到了印度、孟加拉、越南、巴基斯坦，还有很大一部分是回归美国本土生产的。

In the past two years,Because the domestic price of raw materials and labor costs rising,China textile export the competition ability of the enterprise face the severe test.In the market demand has not yet get rid of the ailing cases,Europe and the United States purchaser started looking for production costs relatively low suppliers.time,"Order transfer"Become a let China's textile export enterprise but the but again have to face the problem.When it comes to the recent situation of the European and American market,This is also to the personage inside course of study touches the biggest point.For example,At present many American buyers have production orders from mainland China transferred to other textile producers.Product categories to cotton products is in the majority;And deals with product class,Is usually simple manufacturing process/Popular style of textile and clothing products.Let a person feel accident quite is,These order not only moved to India/Bangladesh/Vietnam/Pakistan,Also has the very big part is the return of the native American production.

　　金融危机后，以纺织服装业为代表的美国制造业加速复苏。在此过程中，美国政府成为了强有力的推动者。2009至2012年，奥巴马政府先后推出了“购买美国货”、《制造业促进法案》、“五年出口倍增计划”、“内保就业促进倡议”等多项政策来帮助美国制造业复兴，并逐渐体现出了政策效果。2011年美国制造业新增23.7万个就业岗位，制造业投资恢复明显。在从虚拟经济迈向实体经济的进程中，美国制造业的“复兴”担当了重要角色，而正是在就业机会不断涌现的大环境下，一些往日已衰落的纺织企业又逐渐兴旺起来。

After the financial crisis,In textile and garment industries as a representative of American manufacturing accelerate recovery.In the process,The United States government become the powerful agents.From 2009 to 2012,Obama government has launched"Buy American goods"/[Manufacturing promotion act]/"Five years export multiplication plan"/"Employment promotion really initiative"And so on many policies to help the U.S. manufacturing revival,And gradually reflects the policy effect.In 2011 the United States manufacturing 237000 new jobs,Manufacturing investment recovery obviously.From the virtual economy towards the process of entity economy,U.S. manufacturing"Renaissance"Act as an important role,And it is in employment opportunity constantly emerging of the environment,Some days already fading textile enterprise and gradually prosper.

　　在美国采购商订单回流的几方面因素中，除了该国纺织业的复苏外，最重要的原因还是在于在本土采购成本较低。目前，美国从中国进口服装要缴纳16%至17%的关税，面料的进口税则在9%至10%。而从本土采购这些产品不仅可节省这部分关税，而且由于地缘优势，产品的交货期也相对较短。

In the United States buyers order return several factors,In addition to the country's textile industry's recovery outside,The most important reason is still in the domestic procurement cost is low.At present,The United States imports from China dress to want to pay 16% to 17% of the tariff,Fabrics import tariff in the 9% to 10%.And from a local purchase these products can not only save this part of the tariff,And because the geopolitical advantage,The products delivery is relatively short.

　　转化经营产品提档迫在眉睫

Conversion products carry file is imminent

　　尽管美国的纺织企业要承担着比其他国家高出几倍的劳动力成本，但是消费者对于本土生产的纺织服装产品的价格承受能力较强，所以即使在经济不景气的当下，美国企业仍能保持赢利。如在美国生产的牛仔裤成本高，同时卖价也高，一条“美国制造”的牛仔裤在当地售价为200美元，中国企业生产的只能卖到100多美元，产自孟加拉国的就只有50美元左右。在参与市场竞争的过程中，各国产业的不同特点和产品定位很自然地就将市场进行划分了。

Although the United States textile enterprises should bear the than any other country several times higher than the cost of labor,But consumer for local production of textile and clothing products price to bear ability strong,So even in the moment of economic recession,The enterprise can still keep profit.Such as production in the U.S. jeans high cost,At the same time selling price is high,a"Made in USA"Jeans in local sells for 200 dollars,China enterprise production can only be sold to more than $100,Produced from Bangladesh is around $50.In the process of participating in the market competition,Countries different characteristics of the industry and product positioning naturally will market the division.

　　我国产的牛仔裤在美国售价100美元或许只是个案，然而，这样的市场定位已然诠释出了当前及今后一段时期我国纺织出口企业的发展方向。如果还是以生产款式简单、价格低廉的纺织服装产品为主，那么企业今后的发展肯定要受到制约，因为这部分市场迟早是要由成本更为低廉的纺织品生产国承接的。在低端产品的价格大战中，我们以往的成本优势已不及东南亚甚至美国本土企业。传统的出口企业必须转变思路，抓住行业转型升级的契机，提升产品档次，在开拓市场能力的同时更要加强建设品牌的能力。只有这样，才能在全球纺织服装贸易格局悄然变化的关键时期，为“中国制造”的产品赋予新的形象与价值。

I domestic jeans in the United States is priced at $100 May be the case,however,Such market positioning has interpretation out of the current and future a period our country textile export enterprise's development direction.If or in the production design is simple/Low price of textile and clothing products give priority to,So the development of the enterprise in the future must be restricted,Because this part of the market sooner or later, is to the cost more cheap textile producers in.At the low end product price war,Our past cost advantage has less than southeast Asia and even the United States local enterprises.The traditional export enterprise must change ideas,Seize the opportunity of the transformation and upgrade of industry,Improve product class,In the market ability but also should strengthen the construction of the brand ability.Only in this way,Can in the global textile and garment trade pattern changes quietly the key period,for"Made in China"Products with new image and value.