美国大选之年，中美经贸关系烽烟再起。

An election year,Sino-us economic and trade relations beacon comeback.

　　美国当地时间17日，美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）贸易代表柯克宣布，美国已经要求在WTO争端解决机制下，与中国就给予“出口基地”（export base）的汽车和汽车零部件厂商出口补贴计划进行磋商。《华尔街日报》称，这成为奥巴马政府对中国提起的第八桩诉讼，也是今年以来的第三次。

The United States local time, 17,,The U.S. trade representative office(USTR)Trade representative kirk announced,The United States has requirements in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism,And China is given"Export base"(export base)Cars and auto parts manufacturers export subsidy plan consultation.[The Wall Street journal]says,This become barack Obama to China government to eighth pile litigation,This year is the third.

　　USTR称，在这些“出口基地”中，中国给在指定区域的汽车和汽车零部件厂商给予大量出口补贴。柯克称，基于公开资料，从2009年到2011年，这些中国厂商至少获得了10亿美元的补贴。

USTR says,In these"Export base"in,China to in designated areas of cars and auto parts manufacturers with a large export subsidies.Kirk says,Based on the access to information,From 2009 to 2011,The Chinese manufacturers or at least get a $1 billion subsidies.

　　此外，USTR还称，美国还要求WTO设立一个争端解决小组，解决中国对美国制造的汽车所征收的反补贴和反倾销税，今年6月，双方曾试图通过磋商解决，但未成功。

In addition,USTR also said,The United States also requires WTO establish a dispute settlement panel,Solve China to the United States manufacturing car a countervailing and anti-dumping duties,In June this year,The two sides sought to solve through consultation,But failed.

　　USTR作出上述决定的同一天，美国总统奥巴马赴美国制造业重地俄亥俄州，参加竞选活动。

USTR made the decision on the same day,President Obama went to the United States manufacturing heftily Ohio,campaign.

　　美国目前是中国汽车零部件第一大出口国。根据早报记者手头掌握的2012年第一季度数据，中国汽车零部件当季对美出口额为33.3亿美元，占总体汽车零部件出口份额的25%。

The United States is now China's auto parts first largest exporter.According to the morning paper reporter the discoveries in hand the first quarter of 2012 data,China auto parts to the quarter exports to 3.33 billion us dollars,Overall auto parts export accounts for 25% of the share.

　　不无巧合。北京时间9月17日，中国商务部宣布，中国就美国在关税法修订法案（即GPX法案）中违反世贸规则的做法，提出与美国在世贸组织争端解决机制下进行磋商，正式启动世贸争端解决程序。

Not coincidence.Beijing time on September 17,,The ministry of commerce has announced,China is the United States in tariff act amendment bill(Namely GPX act)In the practice of violation of the wto rules,Put forward and the United States in the wto dispute settlement mechanism to negotiate,Official start the wto dispute settlement procedures.

　　此番争端共涉及24类产品，包括钢管、太阳能电池板、木地板和厨架，累计涉案金额72.27亿美元。中国商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳昨日明确点到了“反补贴”：自2006年美对华发起第一起反补贴调查开始，中方就明确指出美无权对其认定的所谓“非市场经济国家”发起反补贴调查。

This "disputes involving a total of 24 products,Including steel pipe/Solar panels/Wood floor and kitchen frame,Accumulated involving a value of $7.227 billion.China's commerce ministry spokesman ShenDanYang yesterday to clear point"countervailing":Since 2006, China launched the first beauty together countervailing investigation began,The Chinese side will explicitly pointed out that beauty has no right to the recognition of the so-called"Non-market economies"Launch anti-subsidy investigation.

　　华东政法大学国际法学院教授朱榄叶昨日向早报记者表示，中国商务部提出与美国进行磋商，是中方对美国不断发起对华贸易纠纷所释放的一种姿态，结局如何目前还很难判断。

East China university of politics and law international law school professor zhu olive leaf to the morning post reporters yesterday,China's ministry of commerce with the United States put forward negotiations,China is to the United States launched continuously China trade dispute the release of a kind of attitude,The outcome is still difficult to judge.

　　复旦大学法学院国际法教授龚柏华在接受早报记者采访时指出，美国一定会在这场世贸争端中奉陪到底，但按照惯例，争端的解决时间一般需一年半以上，可以至少为国内企业争取到2-3年的调整时间。

Fudan university law school professor in international law GongBaiHua accept morning paper reporter to interview pointed out,The United States will be in the wto dispute in company with exactly,But by convention,Resolve the disputes and time usually takes more than a year and a half,Can at least for domestic enterprises strive for to 2-3 years period of adjustment.

　　大选关键州俄亥俄州

Election key state Ohio

　　值得注意的是，俄亥俄州对汽车业的依赖很重，历来是美国总统大选的必争之地。在该地区抨击中国贸易方面的做法尤其容易引起选民的共鸣。

It is important to note that,Ohio to automobile industry depends on the very heavy,Have always been America's presidential election a place of strategic importance.In the area attacked China trade practice especially easy to cause the resonance of the voters.

　　一些工会此前已要求奥巴马政府采取行动。今年1月31日，美国制造业联盟曾发布报告称，从2001年起，中国政府已补助中国汽车零部件产业近275亿美元，未来十年还将额外提供109亿美元补助汽车零部件产业。美国制造业联盟当时表示，2001年以来价值620亿美元的中国汽车零配件进入美国市场，导致美国在该领域对华贸易逆差增长了850%。仅2011年一年的逆差就将近100亿美元，而美国对中国的同期出口额只有76亿美元。

Some unions had already for Obama to the government to take action.January 31,,The United States manufacturing alliance has issued a report says,Since 2001,The Chinese government has aid China auto parts industry nearly $27.5 billion,The next 10 years will also provide an additional $10.9 billion aid auto parts industry.The United States manufacturing alliance said at the time,Since 2001 $62 billion worth of China auto parts into the American market,In the United States in the field of its trade deficit against China increased by 850%.In 2011 alone the deficit is almost $10 billion,While the United States during the same period for China's exports only $7.6 billion.

　　随后的3月，美国国会188名议员联名致信奥巴马，称中国对出口至美国的汽车零部件提供补贴，同时对美国出口至中国的汽车零部件进行限制，这令美国制造业工人处于不利地位，并敦促奥巴马政府将解决这一问题作为首要任务。

The march,The United States congress 188 members of the joint written barack Obama,Says China's exports to America's auto parts provide subsidies,At the same time, exports to the United States to China's auto parts were limited,This makes the United States manufacturing workers at a disadvantage,And urged Obama government will solve this problem as a primary task.

　　随着大选临近，奥巴马不得不开始考虑上述诉求。奥巴马的对手、共和党总统候选人罗姆尼刚刚推出一个“敲打中国”的竞选广告说，自奥巴马总统上台来，美国已向中国流失了58.2万个制造业工作机会，中国首次击败美国成为世界头号制造业大国。该广告还指责奥巴马曾经有7次机会阻止“中国欺骗”，但7次都拒绝这么做。

With a general election looming,Obama had to begin to consider the appeal.Obama's rival/Republican presidential candidate mitt romney has just launched a"Hammer China"Campaign advertising said,Since President Obama on stage to,The United States has to China lost 582000 manufacturing jobs,China's first beat the United States as the world's leading manufacturing power.The AD also accused Obama had 7 chance to stop"China's cheating",But 7 times refused to do so.

　　中国商务部的反击

China's commerce ministry counterattack

　　对所谓补贴一说，中国商务部昨日在其网站发布新闻稿称，自2006年美对华发起第一起反补贴调查开始，中方就明确指出美无权对其认定的所谓“非市场经济国家”发起反补贴调查。2011年12月19日，美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣布，美国对中国输美廉价商品征收的部分关税无效，认定美商务部在《1930年关税法》下无权对非市场经济国家进行反补贴调查。

The so-called subsidy to say,China's commerce ministry yesterday in its website for press releases says,Since 2006, China launched the first beauty together countervailing investigation began,The Chinese side will explicitly pointed out that beauty has no right to the recognition of the so-called"Non-market economies"Launch anti-subsidy investigation.December 19, 2011,The federal circuit court of appeals announced,The United States to China lost beauty cheap goods collection of part of the tariff is invalid,The beauty that the ministry of commerce[1930 the end of the year tax law]Have no right to the non-market economies for countervailing investigation.

　　“但遗憾的是，美方不但没有根据法院判决及时改正错误做法，反而在随后不到三个月的时间内，美国国会迅速通过了《1930年关税法》修订案（案号H.R.4105，即GPX法案），明确授权美商务部可以对非市场经济国家适用反补贴措施，并将适用范围追溯至2006年11月20日以来发起的所有反补贴调查。”中国商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳昨日说。

"But it is a pity that,The United States not only according to the decision of the court timely correction wrong practices,But in the later less than three months time,The United States congress passed quickly[1930 the end of the year tax law]amendment(Case number H.R. 4105,Namely GPX act),Explicit authorization of the ministry of commerce to beauty of non-market economies applicable countervailing measures,And the applicable scope back to since nov. 20, 2006 all the countervailing investigation launched."China's commerce ministry spokesman ShenDanYang said yesterday.

　　这一追溯条款为18世纪90年代起就争论不休的涉宪问题诉讼，以及眼下中美这两个全球最大经济体之间的贸易争端埋下了伏笔。美国宪法明确规定，美国国会和各州不能颁布溯及既往的法案。但美国最高法院200多年前曾说，并非所有具有追溯效力的法律都不合宪。美国最高法院对于国民经济政策等民事事务方面有追溯力的法律尤其另眼相看。

The trace clause for the 1790 s is the sum of debate constitutional problem litigation,China and the United States and now the two largest economies trade dispute between buried the foreshadowing.The United States constitution,The United States congress and state can't enacted ex post facto law.But the United States Supreme Court 200 years ago said,Not all has the retroactivity laws are not xian.The United States Supreme Court for national economic policy and civil matters retroactive force law especially eyebrows.

　　沈丹阳昨日强调，美方在缺少国内法律依据的情况下，对华发起了30余起反补贴调查，随后又通过GPX法案溯及既往地追认这些调查的合法性。“这种做法将中国企业置于一个不确定的法律环境，违反了世贸组织在透明度和正当程序等方面的相关规则。”

ShenDanYang stressed yesterday,The United States in the lack of domestic legal basis of cases,China launched more than 30 the countervailing investigation,Then through the GPX act retroaction to the legitimacy of ratification these investigation."This kind of practice will China enterprise in a uncertain legal environment,Violation of the world trade organization in transparency and due process of related rules."

　　双钱集团：未享受补贴

Resulting group:Not enjoy subsidies

　　值得注意的是，这已不是美国政府第一次对中国汽车零部件行业“下手”。

It is important to note that,This is not the first time the United States government of China auto parts industry"Laid hands on him".

　　此前的2009年9月11日，美国总统奥巴马决定对中国输美汽车关键零部件——乘用车与轻型卡车轮胎实施限制关税，为期3年。今年9月，这一对华轮胎特保措施将刚刚到期。美国贸易代表办公室发言人也已宣布，“没有利害关系方申请延期，轮胎特保措施将于9月按期终止”。

After the September 11, 2009,President barack Obama decided to China lost beauty key automotive spare parts - passenger car and light truck tire tariffs imposed restrictions,three-year.September this year,The China tire safeguard measures will just maturity.The United States trade representative office spokesman has also announced,"Not interested party to apply for extension,Tire special security measures will be held in September termination on schedule".

　　国金证券最新研报称，特保税的到期将使得中国半钢胎有望重新取得30%左右的美国进口市场，对应乘用车/轻卡轮胎增量约5000万条，相当于2011年中国出口总量1.93亿条的26%。

Countries gold securities latest research reports,Special bonded maturity will make China half steel tyre is expected to get 30% of the United States import market,Corresponding passenger car/lt tires increment article about 50 million,The equivalent of 2011 year China exports article 193 million 26%.

　　孰料欢呼声尚未落地，新的一出针对汽车零部件的贸易戏码又上演了。

ShuLiao cheers not fall to the ground,A new out for the auto parts trade mesmerizing and staged.

　　“特保案之后，美国政府又想对中国非公路用轮胎进行反补贴调查，但2011年底，美国法院判定美国政府败诉，认定美国商务部无权对非市场经济国家进行反补贴调查。但美方随后修改了法案，授权美商务部可以对非市场经济国家适用反补贴措施。”中国橡胶工业协会相关人士昨日透露，为期三年的美对华轮胎特保措施将于今年9月26日到期，这本是中国轮胎行业的一个特大利好，但从美方近期表现来看，大家也做好了美国将继续对中国零部件行业采取措施的准备。

"Safeguard after case,The United States government and want to China off-highway tire for countervailing investigation,But by the end of 2011,The United States court decision the United States government the losing,That the us department of commerce have no right to non-market economies for countervailing investigation.But the United States and then modify the bill,Authorized by the ministry of commerce to beauty of non-market economies applicable countervailing measures."China rubber industry association relevant personage revealed yesterday,Three years of beautiful China tire safeguard measures will in September 26 maturity,This is China's tire industry a jumbo bullish,But from the United States to recent performance,Everybody ready to the United States will continue to China parts industry take measures preparation.

　　这位人士表示，就轮胎行业而言，美方反补贴的举措所带来的损害应该不会比特保更为严重。“和反补贴调查允许企业拿出销售发票等证据进行抗辩不同，特保措施根本不容许相关企业进行抗辩和申诉，而且惩罚性关税有的高达35%。”

The people said,Just for tire industry,The United States countervailing measures brought about by the damage should not bit the more serious."And countervailing investigation allow enterprise put up for sale invoices etc evidence against different,Safeguard measures don't allow related enterprise for defense and appeal,And punitive tariffs on some as high as 35%."

　　双钱集团生产的是全钢载重轮胎，因此之前未受到美国轮胎特保案的影响。双钱集团相关人士昨日表示，目前尚不知道美方具体的申诉信息，但双钱集团本身并没有得到政府补贴。

The resulting group production is all steel truck tyre,So before the United States by the tire not safeguard the influence of the case.Relevant personage resulting group said yesterday,It is not know the United States specific complaint information,But the resulting group itself and didn't get government subsidies.

　　龚柏华在接受早报记者采访时指出，美方此举是变相地设置贸易壁垒，从之前中方反对美国“双方”（反倾销、反补贴）的案例来看，通过世贸争端解决机制提出磋商，应对中方有利。即使最终结果不利，也至少可为企业争取到2-3年的调整时间。

GongBaiHua in accepting morning paper reporter to interview pointed out,The United States the move is disguised to set up trade barriers,From the Chinese side before against the United States"Both sides"(anti-dumping/countervailing)Case to see,Through the wto dispute settlement mechanism to propose the consultation,Deal with the Chinese side favorable.Even if the final results adverse,At least also for the enterprise to strive for 2-3 years period of adjustment.

　　◎　市场见闻

Money market knowledge

　　中国日用陶瓷

Chinese ceramics for daily use

　　接连遭反倾销

By anti-dumping for

　　企业代表19日赴欧盟听证

Enterprise on behalf of 19 to the hearing

　　综合新华社石家庄9月17日电  17日，参加第十五届中国唐山陶瓷博览会的中国轻工工艺品进出口商会副会长陈江峰透露，中国日用陶瓷企业正在遭遇国外反倾销，商会将组织企业代表于9月19日参加欧盟听证会，向调查官员陈述中方观点。

Integrated xinhua shijiazhuang sept. 17 (Reuters)  17,To participate in the 15th China tangshan ceramics exposition of Chinese arts and crafts import and export chamber of commerce, vice chairman of hart s r.chemical geodynamics.ann.rev.earth planet sci has revealed,China's domestic ceramic enterprises are suffering anti-dumping,Chamber of commerce will organize enterprise representatives on September 19 to participate in the hearing,To survey officials stated the Chinese point of view.

　　今年2月17日，欧盟对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查，涉案金额7.13亿美元；8月30日，墨西哥也对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查，涉案金额4500万美元；8月31日，俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦经济共同体发起日用陶瓷一般性保障措施的调查，以保护国内产业为由，向全球设立贸易壁垒。

On February 17,,The eu anti-dumping investigations into China ceramics for daily use,Involving a value of $713 million;On August 30,,Mexico is also on China's ceramics for daily use anti-dumping investigation,Involving a value of $45 million;August 31,,Russia/Belarus and kazakhstan economic community launch ceramics for daily use general survey of safeguard measures,In order to protect domestic industries as,To set up the global trade barriers.

　　陈江峰说，这些情况说明，除了发达经济体，新兴经济体特别是金砖国家与中国的日用陶瓷贸易摩擦也明显增多。目前，中国有104家企业以及代表潮州140家企业的潮州陶瓷反倾销联盟参加了行业无损害抗辩。

Hart s r.chemical geodynamics.ann.rev.earth planet sci said,These instructions,In addition to the developed economies,Emerging economies especially nuggets countries and China's ceramics for daily use trade friction also markedly increased.At present,China has 104 enterprises and representative chaozhou 140 enterprises of chaozhou ceramic anti-dumping league to participate in the defense industry without damage.

　　他们即将组织企业代表参加欧盟听证会，主要任务包括：质疑起诉方的起诉资格，引用数据说明中国日用陶瓷产品价增量减，不存在倾销；引用欧盟陶瓷产业数据说明其产业衰落与投资不当相关，与从中国进口无关；要求把陶瓷刀、骨质瓷餐具和高铝质耐用瓷等特殊品种排除在调查范围之外等。

They are about to organization enterprise representatives to participate in the hearing,Key job responsibilities include:Questioned the prosecution of prosecuting qualification,Reference data shows that China Daily ceramics product price increment reduction,Does not exist dumping;The eu's foreign-policy ceramics industry data indicates that the industry decline and improper related investment,Has nothing to do with imported from China;Asked to ceramic knife/Bone porcelain tableware and high aluminum durable porcelain and other special varieties excluded from the scope of investigation, such as outside.

　　估计11月16日，欧盟将对本案进行初裁，初步确定行业损害幅度和倾销幅度，并据此设定关税。这之后，中国还有6个月的时间开展工作，直到明年5月16日欧盟进行终裁。

Estimation on November 16,,The European Union will be the case in the margin,Preliminary define the industry damage amplitude and dumping margin,And set accordingly tariff.After this,China has the time of 6 months to begin the work,Until next May 16 European Union for the final.

　　中国五矿化工进出口商会会长陈锋也表示，随着国际经济形势的恶化，越来越多的国家开始实施各种近似苛刻的技术标准制造贸易壁垒，为应对贸易保护，中国陶瓷企业首先要做的就是实现产业标准升级。中国陶瓷企业应参加发达国家的陶瓷专业认证，获得进入国际中高档陶瓷市场的通行证。

China national chemicals import and export chamber of commerce President inspected also said,With the deterioration of the international economic situation,More and more countries began to implement all kinds of approximate harsh technical standard manufacturing trade barriers,To cope with trade protection,China ceramics enterprise the first thing to do is to realize industry standard upgrade.China ceramics enterprise should attend the developed countries ceramic professional certification,Access to the international high-grade ceramics market pass.

　　另悉，欧盟委员会近日对中国光伏电池发起反倾销立案调查，关乎上千家中国光伏企业利益和几十万人就业。就此事，中国商务部国际贸易谈判副代表崇泉率中国政府代表团于12日至14日接连访问德国和欧盟总部所在地布鲁塞尔。

since,The European commission recently launched on China pv cell anti-dumping investigation,For thousands of China pv enterprises interests and hundreds of thousands of jobs.The matter,China's ministry of commerce international trade negotiations deputy representatives chong rate of the Chinese government delegation from 12 to 14 days after visit to Germany and the European Union headquarters in Brussels.

　　欧盟贸易总司司长德马尔蒂对崇泉的回复是，此案是欧委会根据企业申请并依法律程序立案调查，不对结果有任何预判。德方的最新表态是，德方坚持通过磋商合作而不是贸易限制的方式解决欧中光伏贸易摩擦的立场不变，并愿在第十五次中欧领导人会晤前公开重申这一立场。

The eu trade ZongSi priests DE markov to chong quan's reply is,The case is the commission according to the enterprise application in accordance with the legal procedures and initiate an investigation,Wrong results have any anticipation.Germany is the latest statement,German insist through consultations and cooperation rather than trade restriction way in solving the photovoltaic trade friction position unchanged,And on the fifteenth central leaders to meet the public before reaffirmed its position.

　　根据计划，9月19日至20日，中国国务院总理温家宝将赴布鲁塞尔出席第十五次中欧领导人会晤。

According to the plan,September 19 to 20,,Chinese premier wen jiabao will to Brussels to attend the fifteenth central European leaders meeting.