国家统计局日前发布8月份中国制造业采购经理指数(PMI)为49.2%，较7月回落3个点，创5个月以来最低。而50%通常被认为是一个临界点，低于50%，意味着制造业经济正在收缩。实际上从今年4月以来， PMI逐月呈现下降趋势，那么中国制造业目前到底面临着怎样的压力？ 

The national bureau of statistics released August China manufacturing purchasing managers index(PMI)Is 49.2%,A July back three point,Gen 5 months since the minimum.While 50% are generally considered to be a critical point,Less than 50%,Means that a manufacturing economy are shrinking.In fact from since April, PMI month by month has declined,So the Chinese manufacturing industry at present exactly face what kind of pressure? 

　　义乌水钻加工厂艰难支撑

Yiwu diamond processing factory difficult support

　　义乌福田饰品专业街，是义乌市的三大饰品批发市场之一。这个市场，有三四百家批发门店专事批发水钻等饰品。上午十点，商铺纷纷开门营业，然而，街上的客商却稀稀落落。 

Yiwu fukuda accessories professional street,Yiwu is the three adorn article one of the wholesale market.The market,Have three or four hundred wholesale outlets dedicated to wholesale diamond to wait adorn article.Ten o 'clock in the morning,Shops are open,however,The street merchants are sparse. 

　　饰品加工厂厂长赵向党来送打磨好的水钻成品。紫曼水晶店的经理吴永青对样品很满意，但是嫌价格太贵。3000多包水钻，最终以2万多元成交，赵向党直喊亏。 

Jewelry factory director zhao to the party to send burnish good diamond products.Purple mann crystal store manager WuYongQing to sample is very satisfied,But don't think the price is too expensive.More than 3000 diamond package,In a 20000 multivariate clinch a deal,Zhao to the party keep shout kui. 

　　临近中午，紫曼水晶来了位印度客商，是老客户了，但双方针对价格还是争了半天。来自印度的瑞祥，在印度经营着一家饰品公司，每年都来义乌进货，饰品进口额近300万元。 

Near noon,Purple mann crystal to the Indian merchants,Is old customer,But both sides still in the price for half a day.Ruixiang from India,In India is running a jewelry company,Come here every year yiwu purchase,Jewelry imports nearly 3 million yuan. 

　　瑞祥告诉记者，这两个月感觉生意越来越难。他们在印度国内的水钻等饰品滞销，价格也卖不上去。今年从中国进口水钻的量减少了25%，在价格上，印度市场也和中国市场一样价格下降了20%。 

Ruixiang told reporters,The two months feel business has become more and more difficult.They in India domestic diamond to wait adorn article slow,The price also sell will not come up.Imports from China this year the amount of water to reduce by 25%,In price,India market and China market prices fell 20%. 

　　对于今年的饰品生意，吴永青也觉得十分难做。外国客商欠款外逃的案件多次发生。去年16家商户被印度客商骗走货物高达一千余万元，其中吴永青家损失就达210万。 

For this year's jewelry business,WuYongQing also feel very difficult to do.Foreign businessmen arrears flight cases happened many times.Last year India's 16 merchant was cheated customers goods as high as one thousand yuan,The WuYongQing home loss reached 2.1 million. 

　　在金华市紧邻义乌的蒲江县岩头镇的金宅村，孟洪云的水钻加工厂正在运转。孟洪云前年投资30万，办了这个占地百十个平方的小加工厂，每年利润可达十万元。但是今年一下子跌入谷底。 

In jinhua next to the PuJiangXian rock head of the town of JinZhai village,The MengHongYun diamond processing plant is running.MengHongYun investment 300000 the year before,Do the covers an area of 100 a square small processing plants,Every year profit of one hundred thousand yuan.But this year fell at the bottom. 

　　孟洪云表示，像他这样的家庭作坊式的工厂，村里有十几家，都是这几年迅速建起来的。村民们本以为，靠着义乌这个大市场就能赚钱，但是没想到生意这么难做。今年，村里有4家饰品加工厂已经停产了。 

MengHongYun said,Like he such family mill factory,The village has a dozen,Is this a few years built rapidly.The villagers thought,By yiwu the big market can make money,But didn't expect business so difficult to do.This year,The village has four jewelry factory is out of action. 

　　订单锐减，出口企业日子不好过

Sharp orders,Export enterprise having a bad time

　　根据义乌商会的消息，受外需不振的影响，预计今年义乌小商品出口同比将下降15%左右，部分企业已经开始减员，甚至关门。吴永青举例，现在市场上水钻的价格跟前年相比，价格已经下降了一倍还多。 

According to the news of yiwu chamber of commerce,The influence of the spot by now,This year is expected to yiwu commodity exports will decline 15% year-on-year,Some enterprises have begun to downsizing,Even close.WuYongQing example,Now in the market of water price and compared,Prices are down more than one times. 

　　在义乌饰品专业市场，经营者们普遍认为，产能过剩导致今天的恶性竞争。外贸订单的锐减而凸显的产能过剩现象，并不只是饰品这个行业。义乌市圣诞用品行业协会秘书长陈金林介绍，自圣诞用品协会成立的2009年8月，义乌市的圣诞用品企业只有几十家，发展到2012年则已有750家。今年的出口形势不好，许多行业的中小企业日子都不好过。 

In yiwu jewelry professional market,The common operators think,Overcapacity led to today's vicious competition.The foreign trade order of factors and highlight of the phenomenon of excess capacity,Don't just act the role ofing is tasted the industry.Yiwu Christmas supplies industry association secretary general ChenJinLin is introduced,Since Christmas items of the association was established in August 2009,Yiwu Christmas products enterprise only dozens of,The development of it in 2012 by 750.This year's export situation is not good,Many industry of small and medium-sized enterprises difficult days. 

　　中国人民大学国际货币研究所副所长向松祚指出，很多产业在过去几年低水平重复建设，导致产品卖不出去，企业负担又太沉重，产品卖不出去，上下游的三角债链条越来越长，预收的账款相互拖欠，越来越多。 

China people's university international monetary deputy director of the institute to loose elementary points out,A lot of industry in the past few years the low level repeated construction,Cause the product sells do not go out,Enterprise burden too heavy,The product sells do not go out,Upstream and downstream chain debts chain more and more long,Deferred payment in arrears of each other,More and more. 

　　小型企业在出口寒流中煎熬，那么大型企业的日子又怎么样？义乌市的浙江巨龙箱包有限公司是当地箱包业的龙头企业，同样未能幸免。巨龙箱包有限公司生产经理陶年，对年初的订单锐减仍记忆犹新。陶年告诉记者， 1~5月份的时候，订单量跟往年相比降低20%左右。 

Small enterprises in export cold suffering,So large enterprise day what?Yiwu city of zhejiang dragon bags co., LTD. Is a local work of the leading enterprises,Also failed to escape by luck.The dragon bags co., LTD., production manager in tao,At the beginning of the year to decrease order still fresh.Ceramic years told reporters, 1 ~ 5 months time,Orders to past years lower than 20%. 

　　向松祚分析，出口企业目前面临外需不振和生产成本的双重压力，但是在他看来，今年的世界经济形势，呈“L”形，这意味着接下来，众多出口企业仍将面临一段时间外需不振的严峻考验。 

Elementary analysis to loose,The export enterprise is faced with overseas market demand and production cost of the double pressure,But in his view,This year's world economic situation,is"L"form,This means that the next,Many export enterprise will still face a severe test of time now. 

　　转型突围，义乌中小企业闯出一条路

Transformation breakout,Yiwu small and medium-sized enterprise rushes out a way

　　面对这样低迷的市场环境，义乌的小商品生产商也在想办法，希望度过难关。

In the face of such bad market environment,Yiwu small commodity producers are also trying to,Hope that through the.

　　在众多企业为订单发愁的时候，巨龙箱包的日子却从下半年开始好了起来，订单如雪花般飞来。下半年订单量开始回升，到现在，他们有点忙不过来，在巨龙箱包生产线上，工人们正在为赶出口西班牙的订单而忙碌着。 

Many enterprises in order to worry time,But the day of the dragon bags from the second half of the year begins to well up,Order as such as snowflakes fly.The second half of the order finally started to rise again,To now,They busy,In dragon bags production line,The workers are to drive the export of Spain order and busy. 

　　义乌市有400多家箱包企业，每年出口货柜达800多个。巨龙箱包有限公司总经理邵宝玲也是义乌市箱包协会的会长，她认为企业面临资金紧张，和外贸订单下降的双重压力。巨龙箱包在去年年末出现订单下滑苗头时，他们就开始想办法找订单。从去年下半年10月份开始，他们就在电子商务这一块平台投入非常大，当时投资20多万，针对主要的欧美市场，建立英语、法语、德语、意大利语等七国语言的官方网站。邵宝玲把这个七国语言作支持的网站平台比做“鱼塘”，她有很多的鱼塘可以钓鱼。 

Yiwu city more than 400 bags &luggage enterprise,Each year more than 800 export container.The dragon bags co., LTD., general manager ShaoBaoLing is also the President of the federation, yiwu bags,She thinks that enterprise face financial strain,And the foreign trade order down double pressure.The dragon bags in the end of last year began falling in order,They began to think of a way to find order.From the second half of last year began in October,They were in the electronic commerce that a piece of platform investment is very large,When investment more than 20,According to the main European and American markets,To build up an English/French/German/Italian seven language's official website.ShaoBaoLing the seven language for support web site platform compared to"Fish ponds",She has a lot of fish pond can fishing. 

　　邵宝玲这次投入了20万元，得到了丰厚的回报。下半年，流失的欧美订单开始回流，并逆势增长30%。去年，公司开始请专业的团队打造自己的企业品牌，她的想法遭到了家人和员工的反对。但她坚持推出了自己的品牌，为了配合销售，邵宝玲打造了20多人的专业设计团队，并且派员工赴海外参观学习国外的设计理念，并改变过去过分依赖海外市场的销售格局。 

ShaoBaoLing the spent 200000 yuan,Get higher rates of return on investments.Second half,Loss of Europe and the United States order began to return,And contrarian growth of 30%.Last year,The company began to please the professional team to create your brand,Her idea was family and staff against.But she insisted that launched his own brand,In order to coordinate sales,ShaoBaoLing made more than 20 professional design team,And sent staff to overseas study Tours and visits abroad design concept,And change the past too dependent on overseas market sales pattern. 

　　浙江义乌扬航工艺品公司，把整个工厂都搬迁到了衢州市，而销售中心、产品展示区以及创意设计团队搬到了义乌创新园区。为了赶上年末国内圣诞市场的销售，电子商务销售团队正在忙着招兵买马，他们准备打造10到15人之间电子商务团队，重点开拓国内市场。去年年末，他们在德国的法兰克福开了家销售公司。利润高了是一个方面，还能源源不断地吸引那里的订单，并且更能把握当地人的消费潮流。公司负责人楼鲁辉对明年春天的欧洲订单充满了期待。 

Zhejiang yiwu Yang navigation handicraft company,The whole factory are moved to QuZhouShi,And sales center/Product exhibit and creative design team moved to yiwu innovation park.In order to catch up with the end of the year the domestic Christmas market sales,E-commerce sales team is busy recruiting,They were ready to make 10 to 15 people between the electronic commerce team,Key open up the domestic market.The end of last year,They opened in Frankfurt, Germany, in home sales company.Steep profits is an aspect,Still can constantly attract there order,And more can grasp the local consumption trend.Company controller for next spring LouLuHui European orders have a lot to look forward to. 

　　记者手记

Reporter notes

　　不要学温水中的青蛙

Don't learn the frog with warm water

　　义乌小商品市场的商户们所面临的困境其实正是当下中国外贸企业的生存缩影。他们拿惯了订单，经过了十几年甚至二三十年的对外贸易，变成了制造能力强大，但是创造能力低下的加工企业。 

Yiwu small commodity market traders dilemmas in fact it is the China trade enterprise survival epitome.They take spoil the order,After more than ten years or two hundred and thirty years of foreign trade,Into a strong manufacturing capability,But the creation ability is low processing enterprise. 

　　在二三十年前，这样的企业对于基础薄弱的中国经济来说起到了发展经济、积累财富的作用，但这样就让中国制造业不知不觉做了温水青蛙，当危机真正到来的时候才突然发现，已经无力对抗世界经济新的规则。我们看到其中一些企业开始自创品牌，自找出路，这个过程势必痛苦，甚至有可能失败，搭上自己在过去若干年所积累的财富。但是，躺在温水里一定会无力地死去，而奋力一搏则可能天地一新。 

In the twenty or thirty years ago,This enterprise for foundation weak for China's economy rose to economic development/The role of the accumulation of wealth,But that let the Chinese manufacturing industry unconsciously made warm water frog,When the crisis coming true when it suddenly found,The world economy has been unable to fight against the new rule.We saw some of the enterprise began to create his own brand,Find out the way,This process will be pain,There is even may fail,Put on your own in the past several years the accumulation of wealth.but,Lying in the warm water will be unable to death,Strive to a stroke may be a new heaven and earth. 

　　对于出口企业如何突围，国务院发展研究中心对外经济研究部副部长赵晋平认为，包括义乌在内的国内出口企业，应该尽快由代工到树立自己的品牌，走国际合作的道路。

For export enterprise how to break out of an encirclement,The state council development research center, deputy minister of foreign economic research ZhaoJinPing think,Yiwu, including domestic export enterprises,As soon as possible should be from OEM to set up own brand,Go the way of international cooperation.