与2008年外需急剧下滑不同，当下的出口低迷，外需并不是主因

And in 2008, a sharp fall in the different now,The current export downturn,Now do not cause

　　“稳外贸政策出台当然是利好消息，但是感觉出台晚了一些。”杭州五矿机械化工进出口有限公司董事长胡民对财新记者说，政策出台后企业经营者会有一定的观望期，四季度很难见到效果，要到明年才能实现。

"Stability on foreign trade policy is of course good news,But feel issued late some."Hangzhou metals mechanical chemical industry import and export co., LTD., chairman of the board HuMin new reporters to wealth,After policies business operators will have certain wait-and-see period,The fourth quarter is hard to see the effect,Going to the next year to achieve.

　　国务院办公厅9月18日公布了《关于促进外贸稳定增长的若干意见》，16条措施是对一周前国务院常务会议出台的促进外贸稳定增长政策的详解。内容涉及加快出口退税进度，确保准确及时退税；扩大贸易融资规模，降低融资成本；扩大出口信用保险规模和覆盖面；减免进出口检验检疫收费等方面。

The general office of the state council on September 18 announced[On promoting the steady growth of foreign trade some opinions],Article 16 measures is to the state council executive meeting a week ago on promoting the steady growth of foreign trade policy explanation.Content involves to speed up the progress of the export tax rebate,To ensure accurate and timely tax refund;The expansion of trade financing scale,Reduce financing cost;Expand the export credit insurance scale and coverage;Relief import and export inspection and quarantine fees, etc.

　　商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳称，这些政策措施，在国庆节前会出台具体细则，由商务部和有关部门共同下发。

Commerce ministry spokesman said ShenDanYang says,These policies and measures,Before the national holiday will be issued specific rules,By the ministry of commerce and other relevant departments jointly issued.

　　催生近期稳外贸政策的是持续低迷的出口形势。7月以来，中国出口增速连续两月在个位数低位运行，对于未来，各方均不乐观。

Recent expedites the stability of foreign trade policy is the continuing downturn export situation.Since July,China's export growth in low single digits low operation for two months,For the future,The parties are not optimistic.

　　9月16日在广东东莞举行的部分省市外贸工作座谈会上，商务部长陈德铭表示，全球经济很可能长期低迷，复苏的曲折性和艰巨性进一步凸显。今后一段时间，外贸发展环境难有明显改善，诸多负面因素叠加，将给外贸带来更大挑战。尽管坚持全年目标任务难度很大，仍要千方百计去争取。

On September 16, held in guangdong dongguan part of the provinces and cities in the foreign trade work symposium,Minister of commerce Chen deming said,The global economy is likely to long-term downturn,Recovery of twists and further highlights the difficulty.For a long time,The foreign trade development environment difficult to have obviously improved,Many negative factors superposition,Will give the foreign trade bring greater challenge.Although adhere to the annual goal task difficulty is very great,Still want to leave no stone unturned to fight for.

　　中银国际董事总经理程漫江认为，虽然出台的相关政策能够为出口企业提供一定的支持，但是这也很难抵消全球经济下滑带来的负面影响，预计全年出口增长5%-8%。

Boc international managing director cheng diffuse river think,Although on the introduction of the relevant policy can provide the export enterprises with certain support,But it is also hard to offset the global economic slowdown have a negative effect,Expected annual export growth of 5% - 8%.

　　盘点近期的稳外贸政策，力度明显低于市场预期。此前市场传言部分产品出口退税率上调至17%，即实现全额退税，并未成为现实。不过，亦有多位外贸企业人士对财新记者表示，出口退税的上调空间并不大，对企业的实际影响也不大，更希望政策能稳定一些，这样对国外的报价有延续性，便于接长单。

Counting the recent stability foreign trade policy,Strength is obviously lower than market expectations.After the market rumors partial product export rebate rate rise to 17%,To achieve full tax refund,Did not become a reality.but,Also have many foreign trade enterprise personage to wealth new reporters,Export tax rebate rise space is not big,To enterprise's actual influence not big,More hope policy can stable some,So to offers from abroad have continuity,Easy extension single.

　　对企业来讲，最希望的是政府不要增加负担，让企业自己想办法渡过难关，而非政策上随外贸形势频繁变化。

Will tell to the enterprise,The hope is that the government not to increase the burden,Let the enterprise to find our own way through,Rather than policy on foreign trade situation with frequent change.

　　宁波发展研究中心主任阎勤对财新记者称，眼前稳外贸只能是适应性调整和战略性调整相结合，可能更加注重战略性调整。世界经济处于下行周期，只要把竞争力提高，在稳增长中就能发挥作用，更重要是为未来发展打下基础。

Ningbo development research center director for wealth YanQin new reporters said,Eyes can be adaptive adjustment foreign trade firm strategic adjustment and combination,May pay more attention to strategic adjustment.The world economy is on the down cycle,As long as the more competitive,In the steady growth can play a role,The more important is to lay the foundation for future development.

　　作用不可过望

Action not beyond one's expectations

　　胡民所在的杭州五矿机械化工进出口有限公司，2011年贸易增速高达78%，但目前已坠落至同比下降9%，他预计，全年可能会下降10%-15%。

The hangzhou HuMin metals mechanical chemical industry import and export co., LTD,2011 trade growth reaches as high as 78%,But at present already falling to 9% year-on-year drop,He is expected to,Throughout the year may drop 10% 15%.

　　在他看来，问题主要出现内部而非外部。外部形势虽然比较严峻，但需求还是有的，而4月以来，银行信贷方面的变化，使得公司资金链紧张，带来了很大压力。

In his view,The main problems in internal rather than external.Although the external situation is severe,But demand or some,And since April,Bank credit changes,Allow companies capital chain tension,Bring great pressure.

　　由于浙江部分企业联保、互保出现问题后，4月以来，以往合作的银行开始偏向保守。公司作为改制企业，国有股是第二大股东，但银行仍要求占股超过四分之一的第一大股东，连带配偶家属签字担保，承担全部责任。双方僵持不下，长达三个多月的时间，银行只收回贷款而不发放新贷款。无奈之下，公司不得不更换新的合作银行，才平稳渡过难关。但在此过程中，经营不可避免地受到影响，部分客户流失。

Because part of zhejiang province enterprise joint guarantee/Mutual insurance after problems,Since April,Previous cooperation bank began to turn to conservative.Company as the restructuring of enterprises,State-owned shares is the second big shareholders,But Banks are still requirements of shares more than a quarter of the first largest shareholder,Joint spouse family signature guarantee,Bear full responsibility.Both sides deadlocked,For more than three months time,A bank will only take loans and not make new loans.Helpless under,The company had to change the new cooperative bank,To smooth tide over the difficulties.But in the process,Management inevitably affected,Part of the customers' loss.

　　近期，公司的订单有所改善，欧洲、哥伦比亚的订单都有，“单子面开始广起来了”，胡民称。

recent,Orders improved,The European/Columbia order all have,"Slip surface began to wide up",HuMin says.

　　山东烟台北方家用纺织品有限公司进出口分公司副总经理万炳政也对财新记者表示，目前企业订单与去年基本持平，还算比较稳定。现在影响最大的是资金问题，上下游工厂都面临资金运转不畅的问题。

Shandong yantai north household textile co., LTD. Import and export branch deputy general manager WanBingZheng wealth to new reporters,At present, the enterprise with the same basic order last year,Is it more stable.Now is the greatest impact the problem of funds,Downstream plants are facing the problem of funds to seize up.

　　稳外贸政策中提及的“扩大贸易融资规模，降低贸易融资成本”，胡民认为，方向是对的，但效果如何，还要看政策的执行力度。

Stability in the foreign trade policy mentioned"The expansion of trade financing scale,Lower trade financing cost",HuMin think,Direction is right,But the effect how to,Also see policy enforcement.

　　与2008年外需急剧下滑不同，在一些企业人士看来，当下的出口低迷中，外需并不是主因。

And in 2008, a sharp fall in the different now,In some enterprise personage looks,The current downturn in export,Now do not cause.

　　深圳一达通企业服务有限公司副总经理肖锋对财新记者称，虽然中国出口商品价格提高很多，但国外超市的“中国制造”并没少，目前没有其他国家和地区能替代“中国制造”的规模和品质。

Shenzhen one of general enterprise service co., LTD., deputy general manager of wealth XiaoFeng new reporters said,Although China export commodity price increase a lot,But foreign supermarket"Made in China"And no less,There is no other countries and regions can replace"Made in China"The scale and quality.

　　官方数据也证实这一点。今年上半年，占全球出口近四分之三的30个国家(地区)出口增长3.2%，低于中国出口增速6个百分点，说明在全球范围内，中国出口产品仍具有较强竞争力。

Official data also confirmed this.In the first half of this year,Share of global exports nearly three-quarters of 30 countries(area)Export growth of 3.2%,China's export growth below 6%,Description in the global scope,Chinese exports are still has strong competitiveness.

　　肖锋认为，国内出口企业感受到的订单减少，并非因刚需减少，而是在资金风险增加的情况下，海外采购商只能分批采购，而且外贸的运作方式正在发生变化，要求赊销的比例开始增加。过去30多年，中国外贸大都采用现款现付方式。一位在广东、浙江两地从事纺织品出口的人士对财新记者称，外贸行业利润率并不高，原先信用证付款在企业理解中已是赊销，现在要求赊销延迟付款，对资金占用和流动性的影响很大，企业可能周转不过来。即使做贸易融资，有时赚的利润还不如融资的利息高，这是变相造成订单下降的原因。

XiaoFeng think,Domestic export enterprises feel order to reduce,Not just because of the need to reduce,But in the capital under the condition of increased risk,Overseas buyers can only batch purchase,And the foreign trade operation is changing,The proportion of credit demand began to increase.Over the past 30 years,China's foreign trade mostly adopts the cash spot payment mode.A in guangdong/Zhejiang both engaged in textile exports to wealth people new reporters said,Foreign trade industry profit rate is not high,The original l/c in enterprise understanding is already sell on credit,Now require credit delayed payment,To capital takes up and the mobility of influence,The enterprise may be turnover not to come over.Even if do trade financing,Sometimes make profits than financing interest high,This is caused by the reasons of the decrease of order in disguised form.

　　根据国家外管局《2012年上半年国际收支报告》，今年上半年，中国出口收汇率(货物贸易跨境收入/出口)为91%，仍处高位，同比略降1个百分点。但二季度出口收汇率仅为85%，相对一季度下滑较大，也低于2011年同期5个百分点。这一变化虽然受人民币贬值预期下企业行为变化的影响，但也反映了出口收汇受到2011年底以来境外流动性趋紧、交易对手资金状况不佳等因素影响，出现一定的收汇风险。

According to the national safe[In the first half of 2012 international balance report],In the first half of this year,China's export the exchange rate(Trade in goods cross-border income/export)91%,Still at high,Just 1% year-on-year.But in the second quarter of the export exchange rate is only 85%,Relatively large decline in the first quarter,Also lower than 5% compared with the same period in 2011.Although the change is expected that the devaluation of RMB under the influence of enterprise behavior change,But also reflects the export proceeds by the end of 2011 overseas liquidity tightening since/Counterparty capital position strife and other factors,Appear certain in the risk.

　　以中国出口信用保险福建分公司为例，今年前五个月共受理报损案件143起，同比增长30%，报损金额近3300万美元，增长了1倍多。其中，欧洲市场报损53起，增长了212%。

With China's export credit insurance fujian branch as an example,The first five months of this year were accepted loss case 143,Year-on-year growth of 30%,Loss amounted to nearly 33 million us dollars,Growth more than double.the,The European ShiChangBao loss and up,Increased by 212%.

　　金融危机以来，中央多次提及扩大出口信用保险规模，提高出口信用保险覆盖面，此次再度提及，但企业对此并不热衷。山东一家纺织企业相关人士对财新记者称，该公司曾经了解过出口信保，但是觉得费用相对较高，只能放弃，替代方式是在接单时尽量规避风险。

Since the financial crisis,The central has repeatedly mentioned that expand the export credit insurance scale,Improve the export credit insurance coverage,The mentioned once again,But the enterprise wasn't too keen about.Shandong a textile enterprise relevant personage to wealth new reporters said,The company has talked about the export letter,But think cost relatively high,Can only give up,Alternative way is to meet the list in as far as possible when avoid risk.

　　前述在广东、浙江从事纺织品出口的人士也称，他曾与一些企业交流，企业对出口信用保险这些政策了解运用程度很低，“主要还是对国有企业、大型企业，小微企业用得比较少。”

The foregoing in guangdong/Zhejiang engaged in textile export personage also says,He used to live in some enterprise communication,Enterprises to export credit insurance policy to understand these use degree is very low,"The main or the state-owned enterprise/Large enterprise,Small micro enterprise use less."

　　二季度以来，中央多次提出，要加快出口退税进度，但效果呈递减趋势。前八个月，中国出口退税6699亿元，同比增长11%，增速明显高于同期出口增速。但今年下半年以来，出口退税一改上半年动辄20%左右增速，进度明显放缓，7月仅增长1.9%，8月则下降11.8%。

Since the second quarter,The central has made,To speed up the progress of the export tax rebate,But the effect is degressive tendency.First eight months,China's export tax refund 669.9 billion yuan,Year-on-year growth of 11%,Growth is obviously higher than that of export growth over the same period.But since the second half of this year,Export tax rebate change easily in the first half of the growth of around 20%,Progress slowed down obviously,July rose by only 1.9%,It dropped 11.8% in August.

　　前述山东纺织企业称，近期出口退税进度并没有加快，与以前差不多，退税周期仍为两三个月。

The shandong textile enterprise says,The recent progress of the export tax rebate and not speed up,And ago almost,Tax refund period still for two or three months.

　　前述广东浙江纺织品出口人士也称，出口退税进度没有加快，主要是受地方财政收入不太好影响。企业通过有关系的、利益链条上的退税公司办理可能快一些，需要一个月，但要支付一定费用，企业自己去退税则要两个月左右。

The guangdong zhejiang textile export personage also says,Export tax rebate progress not to speed up,Main is affected by the local finance income isn't very good effect.Enterprise through the related/Interest on the chain of the company for tax refund may be faster,Need a month,But have to pay a fee,Enterprise to drawback is to two months.

　　此次出台的稳外贸政策提到，今年四季度对所有出入境货物、运输工具、集装箱及其他法定检验检疫物免收出入境检验检疫费。2013年则执行新的降低后的检验检疫收费标准。财政部称，此举可减轻外贸企业负担约35亿元。

The stability on the introduction of the foreign trade policy mentioned,Four quarter this year on all the goods entry and exit/transport/Container and other statutory inspection and quarantine objects from the entry and exit inspection and quarantine fee.In 2013, the implementation of the new reduced inspection and quarantine fees.The ministry of finance said,It can reduce the foreign trade enterprise burden of about 3.5 billion yuan.

　　胡民认为，对出口量大的企业，减免的检验检疫费比较可观，增加了企业的额外利润，但在执行中，不排除政府会在其他地方增加收费的可能，“不要这里放一点，那里又紧一点，如果这样，并不是好事。”

HuMin think,Exports to the enterprise,The reduction or exemption of inspection quarantine fee is considerable,Increase the enterprise extra profit,But in the course of execution,The government will not rule out in other places fee increase may,"Don't let a little here,There and a little tight,If so,And is not a good thing."

　　“政府不要增加负担就好了，”前述纺织品出口人士也称，这些措施还不如直接减轻企业固定的经营成本，企业自己想办法会渡过难关，不要有很多强制政策上的干预。

"The government not to increase the burden,"The textiles export personage also says,These measures should have just reduce enterprise fixed operating costs,Enterprise to find our own way will pull through,Don't have a lot of compulsory policy intervention.

　　侧重战略性调整

Emphasis on strategic adjustment

　　稳外贸政策并未涉及出口退税率的上调，力度明显低于预期。不过，企业人士对此似乎并不在意。

Foreign trade policy stability was not included in the export tax rebate rate hike,Strength is obviously lower than expected.but,Enterprise personage that does not seem to care about.

　　胡民称，出口退税上调一两个百分点，对企业的影响并不是太大，很多需要让利给客户，还是希望政策稳定一些，这样企业给国外的报价有延续性，方便接长单。

HuMin says,A two percent raise export tax rebate,The effect of which on enterprises and is not too big,A lot to give the profits to the clients,Still want some policy stability,Such enterprises to foreign quotation have continuity,Convenient extension single.

　　事实上，目前出口退税上调空间并不大。2008年金融危机后，中国政府先后七次上调出口退税率，从产业结构调整目标和外贸发展方式转变来考虑，应该调低或取消退税的商品，也被大幅调高。此后，虽然部分商品退税率有所回调，总体而言，出口退税率仍处于高位。

In fact,At present export tax rebate increase the space is not large.After the financial crisis in 2008,The Chinese government has seven times raised the export tax rebate rate,From the industrial structure adjustment target and the foreign trade development mode change to consider,Should turn down or cancel drawback goods,Has also been greatly raised.Since then,Although a portion of the goods rebate rate have callback,In general,The export tax rebate rate remains high.

　　目前出口形势并不乐观，但与上一轮危机期间相比，无论是贸易规模，还是同比增速，都要好很多。在这样的背景上，出口退税力度加大，并无必要。

At present the export situation is not optimistic,But with the round compared during the crisis,Whether trade size,Or year-on-year growth,Are much better.In such a background,Export tax rebate has been strengthened,And no necessary.

　　出口退税率上调，意味着较大的财政压力。今年前八个月，中国出口退税6699亿元，这一数字已超过了年初预算报告中，中央财政在教育、文化、医疗三大民生领域的全年支出预算之和。

The export tax rebate rate raise,Means greater financial pressure.In the first eight months,China's export tax refund 669.9 billion yuan,This figure has already exceeded the budget report at the beginning,The central government in education/culture/In the field of medical three people's livelihood sum of annual expenditure budget.

　　目前出口退税由中央和地方按92.5%和7.5%的比例来承担，在地方财政日益紧张的情况下，上调出口退税率能否快速兑现也值得考量。有企业称，地方现在还变相加税。

At present tax reimbursement for export by the central and local governments according to the proportion of 92.5% and 7.5% to bear,In local fiscal increasingly tense situation,Raise the export tax rebate rate can fast cash also worthy of consideration.Have enterprise says,Place now also disguised plus tax.

　　肖锋认为，中国外贸面临的困境，其根本原因在于服务业落后，随着中国制造成本的提高，光靠制造业利润维持外贸企业增长的模式已经到头了。

XiaoFeng think,The difficulties faced by China's foreign trade,The basic reason is that the service industry behind,With the improvement of China's manufacturing cost,Light on manufacturing profit maintain foreign trade enterprise growth pattern has been exhausted.

　　他称，贸易融资和出口信保这些政策，已经提出多年，但对中小外贸企业而言，落实并不容易，“关键是要有渠道来落实。”他建议，发展服务于中小外贸企业的商业机构集中办理物流、退税、通关、金融等业务。一方面，商业机构出于风险控制需要，会去了解企业，保证贸易的真实性，另一方面，集中办理也可降低银行等金融机构的运营成本。

He says,Trade financing and export letter protect these policies,Has been proposed for years,But for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprise is concerned,Implementation is not easy,"The key is to channel to carry out."He suggested that,Development services to small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprise business institutions for centralized logistics/drawback/Customs clearance/Financial business.On the one hand,Commercial organizations for risk control need,Have to know about enterprise,Ensure the authenticity of the trade,On the other hand,Concentrated to deal with also can reduce the Banks and other financial institutions operating cost.

　　近期各地在向小微企业推广出口信保等方面做出尝试。

Recent everywhere in to small micro enterprise export promotion letter insurance etc tried.

　　嘉兴市政府出台市级小微企业出口信用保险联保方案，对满足一定条件的小微企业采取“企业参保、政府买单”的模式，帮助企业转嫁出口风险，减轻保费投入的资金压力。

Jiaxing municipal government issued small micro enterprises to export credit insurance joint guarantee scheme,To satisfy certain conditions of small micro enterprise take"Enterprise ginseng/The government"model,Help enterprise on export risk,Reduce premium investment fund pressure.

　　广东省财政对投保小微企业信保易产品所产生的保费给予80%的资助比例，各地级市在此基础上还分别有相应的资助比例，部分地市投保企业甚至无需任何费用即可免费获得该保单。

Guangdong finance to the insured small micro enterprise believe the easy products produced by the premium give 80% of funding ratio,Each locally administratered level's in this basis also separately have corresponding funding ratio,Part of the local insurance enterprise even without any expenses can free the policy.

　　河北则依托重点外贸出口企业，搭建代理投保与融资平台。目前已初步搭建起了阿里巴巴与河北网商协会、秦皇岛经济技术开发区、白沟箱包出口基地、安平丝网出口基地、沧州新世纪五个小微企业集中投保平台。

Hebei is relying on the key foreign trade export enterprise,Set up agency insurance and financing platform.At present already preliminary build up alibaba and hebei give association/Qinhuangdao economic and technological development zone/Field bags export base/Anping screen export base/The new century cangzhou five small micro enterprise centralized insured platform.

　　阎勤认为，从中央到地方为稳定外贸、促进转型采取的政策措施，方向上、实效上是有一定效果的，“如果没有政策，下降幅度可能更大，政策措施使外贸逐步趋稳，而且趋稳的力度在加强。”

YanQin think,From central to local foreign trade for stability/To promote the transformation of the policies and measures to take,direction/The effect has certain effect,"If there is no policy,The decline range may be more big,Policy measures to make the foreign trade gradually stabilised,And the strength of stabilised in strengthening."

　　他认为，眼前的外贸政策只能是适应性调整和战略性调整相结合，可能更加注重战略性调整。

He thinks,The sight of foreign trade policy is only adaptive adjustment and combination of strategic adjustment,May pay more attention to strategic adjustment.

　　国务院稳外贸政策中，妥善应对贸易摩擦，鼓励企业用好区域、次区域合作机制和已生效的自贸协定；优化外贸国际市场布局，支持企业开拓非洲、拉美、东南亚、中东欧等新兴市场；优化外贸国内区域布局，扩大中西部地区对外开放，推动边境省区发展对周边国家的经贸合作等，都是战略性调整的内容。

The state council foreign trade policy stability,Properly deal with trade friction,Encourage enterprises to make good use of regional/Sub-regional cooperation mechanism and executed the fta;Optimization of foreign trade international market layout,Support enterprises to exploit Africa/Latin America/Southeast Asia/Emerging markets such as central and eastern Europe;The regional layout optimization of foreign trade,Expand opening up in the Midwest,To promote the development of border provinces of the neighboring countries, such as the economic and trade cooperation,Are all the contents of the strategic adjustment.

　　阎勤称，宁波的做法是企业要自为和政府要有为，鼓励大主体做强，小主体做精。即加快培育外贸龙头企业，组建内外对接的国际性营销服务网络，推动外贸企业向研发、设计、品牌经营、物流等环节延伸，使大企业成为跨行业、跨区域、能调配进出口资源的企业；扶持中小微企业发展，向专精特优发展。

YanQin says,The practice of ningbo is the enterprise to try and government should have,Encourage large main body stronger,Small subject do fine.That accelerate the growth of foreign trade leading enterprise,Set up internal and external butt international marketing service network,To promote foreign trade enterprises to research and development/design/Brand management/Logistics links such as extensions,Make big enterprise become cross-industry/Cross area/Can adjust the import and export enterprise resources;Support small and medium-sized micro enterprise development,Excellent to specialization development.

　　此外，政府还要帮助做好贸易平台建设，这不仅包括成立塑料、化工原料等的进口交易市场，还要推出服务贸易平台，如国际航运交易所等。

In addition,The government also help make trade platform construction,This not only including the setting up of the plastic/The import of chemical raw materials and market,And out of service trade platform,Such as the international shipping exchange, etc.