作者：项子良

The author:XiangZi good

　　当前我国外贸形势严峻，既有外需疲弱因素，也与贸易摩擦增多、贸易环境日益紧张有关。据商务部统计，2012年上半年中国共遭遇了18个国家和地区发起的贸易救济调查，反倾销、反补贴、特保等贸易救济调查40起，同比增长38%，涉案金额37亿美元，同比增长76%。

The current our country foreign trade to the grim situation,Now both weak factors,And with the increasing trade friction/Trade environment increasingly nervous about.According to the ministry of commerce statistics,In the first half of 2012 China had a total of 18 countries and regions by the trade remedy investigation,anti-dumping/countervailing/Safeguard and trade remedy investigation 40 up,Year-on-year growth of 38%,Involving a value of $3.7 billion,Year-on-year growth of 76%.

　　9月17日，中国就美国在关税法修订法案(即GPX法案)中违反世贸规则的错误做法，提出与美国在世贸组织争端解决机制下进行磋商，正式启动世贸争端解决程序。

On September 17,China is the United States in tariff act amendment bill(Namely GPX act)Violation of the wto rules in the wrong way,Put forward and the United States in the wto dispute settlement mechanism to negotiate,Official start the wto dispute settlement procedures.

　　此次，中国就美国对华24类产品(累计涉案金额72.27亿美元)反补贴调查中的错误做法启动世贸争端解决程序，正式向WTO提出申诉，指责美方的关税法修订法案违反世贸规则，表明中方反对贸易保护主义、维护中国企业合法权益的立场是坚定的，这也是为对外经贸发展营造良好环境的需要。商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳也在谈话中强调，希望美方能够改正其错误做法，妥善解决中方关注。

the,China is the United States 24 products in China(Accumulated involving a value of $7.227 billion)Countervailing investigation practice start the mistakes in the wto dispute settlement procedures,Formal to appeal to the WTO,Accused the us tariff act amendment act in violation of the wto rules,Show that the Chinese side against trade protectionism/Maintaining the lawful rights and interests of Chinese enterprises position is firm,This is also for foreign trade and economic development to create a good environment needs.Commerce ministry spokesman also stressed that ShenDanYang in conversation,Hope the us side to correct their wrong practices,Properly solve Chinese attention.

　　当前我国外贸形势严峻，既有外需疲弱因素，也与贸易摩擦增多、贸易环境日益紧张有关。据商务部统计，2012年上半年中国共遭遇了18个国家和地区发起的贸易救济调查，反倾销、反补贴、特保等贸易救济调查40起，同比增长38%，涉案金额37亿美元，同比增长76%。时下，全球贸易保护抬头的风险还在加剧，就在中国正式向WTO提出申诉后的几个小时内，美国总统奥巴马于当地时间17号在俄亥俄州进行竞选连任活动时宣布，美国已向世界贸易组织提起申诉，指控中国政府为出口汽车及零部件提供补贴。

The current our country foreign trade to the grim situation,Now both weak factors,And with the increasing trade friction/Trade environment increasingly nervous about.According to the ministry of commerce statistics,In the first half of 2012 China had a total of 18 countries and regions by the trade remedy investigation,anti-dumping/countervailing/Safeguard and trade remedy investigation 40 up,Year-on-year growth of 38%,Involving a value of $3.7 billion,Year-on-year growth of 76%.nowadays,The risk of global trade protection looked up in aggravate,In China officially to appeal to the WTO after a few hours,President Obama in the local time 17 in Ohio to run for re-election activities announced,The United States has a complaint to the world trade organization,Accused the government of China automobile and automobile parts for export subsidy.

　　搁置以政治为目的的贸易诉讼，略显滑稽的是，奥巴马打算敲打的“中国”零部件企业中，不少是美国企业在华设立的独资或合资公司，旗下产品并不都是纯正的中国货。类似之前美国针对中国发动的轮胎特保案一样，在全球一体化的当下，很难区分这些产品的“东家”到底是谁。基于历史原因，中国貌似庞大的汽车产业主要由外资掌控，这些企业在享受了中国的低成本之后，外国政府却频频打出“保护民族工业”的大旗，将“中国制造”设为标靶。

Lay aside to political for the purpose of trade action,Funny is slightly,Obama's plan to the hammer"China"Parts enterprises in,Many enterprises in China is the United States set up wholly owned or joint venture companies,Its products are not the pure Chinese goods.Before the United States similar against China launched tire safeguard as case,In the moment of global integration,It's hard to distinguish between these products"club"Exactly is who.Based on the historical reasons,China's seemingly large automobile industry mainly by foreign control,These enterprises in China enjoy the low cost later,Foreign government has played again and again"Protect national industry"banner,will"Made in China"Set to target.

　　十年前的入世谈判中，我国虽然保留了整车项目外资在合资企业中股比不超过50%的限制性规定，但放开了在汽车零部件领域的股比限制。这导致中国零部件市场的竞争格局发生巨大变化，中国内资零部件企业的发展空间被大幅压缩。

Ten years ago the wto negotiations,Although China retains the vehicle project in a joint venture in foreign joint not more than 50% of the restrictive provisions,But let go of the auto parts field joint limit.This leads to a Chinese components market competition pattern great changes,Chinese domestic-funded parts enterprise development space is greatly compressed.

　　这么多年过去，在我国汽车消费市场扩大和入世等因素影响下，跨国汽车和零部件企业在全球范围的竞争逐渐演变为在中国市场的竞争，尤其是在金融危机后，这种趋势更加明显。为确保自身利益，跨国巨头纷纷加快产业梯度化转移的步伐，其供应商纷纷赴中国设厂。 

So many years in the past,In China's auto market expansion and under the influence of factors such as the wto,Multinational auto and parts enterprises in the global range of competition gradually evolved into the competition in the Chinese market,Especially in the financial crisis,This trend is more obvious.To ensure that their own interests,Transnational giants have to speed up the pace of industrial gradient transfer,Its suppliers in China in factories. 

　　在此背景下，部分入世前进入的零部件合资企业，外方纷纷要求中方让出股权，寻求控股甚至独资。这导致很多曾经在业内有较高知名度的内资汽车零部件企业，在随后的发展中逐渐失去优势，甚至销声匿迹。

In this context,Part before the wto in the parts of the joint venture,Foreign demand in China make equity,Seek holding even owned.This leads to a lot of once in the industry have a higher visibility of the domestic auto parts enterprises,In the subsequent developing gradually lose advantage,Even vanished.

　　不仅如此，外资大规模涌入零部件行业，已将中国汽车企业逼到产品附加值最低，赚钱最少的领域。例如，此次美国政府诉讼的中国出口零部件企业，不少系生产紧固件、轮胎等相对低端的产品，利润极低。

Not only that,Foreign large-scale into parts and components industry,Has the Chinese automobile enterprise forced to product added value minimum,Make money at least field.For example,The United States government action of Chinese export parts enterprise,A lot of system production fasteners/Tires and other relative low end products,Profit is extremely low.

　　20世纪80年代初，我国一些汽车空调企业通过产学研合作及引进技术，在汽车空调领域获得了发展，但90年代后期，美国德尔福、伟世通等世界汽车空调生产巨头纷纷进入中国设立合资或者独资企业，并建立多处生产基地，抢占中国市场。一些合资企业因不止一次被重组，中方股权不断稀释，本土零部件企业比整车企业更加“技术空心化”。

In the early 1980 s,Our country some automotive air conditioning enterprise through the cooperation and the imported technology,In the car air conditioning field won the development,But the 90 s,The United States Delphi/Visteon automotive air conditioning the world such as production giant enters China in succession set up joint ventures or wholly owned enterprise,And to establish several production base,Controlling China's market.Some of the joint venture enterprise for more than once be restructured,The Chinese equity is being continuously diluted,Local parts enterprise than automobile enterprise more"Technology KongXinHua".

　　统计数据显示，去年我国汽车零部件出口首超500亿美元，但汽车零件、附件及车身出口金额达到271.33亿美元，汽车、摩托车轮胎出口金额达134.26亿美元，占出口绝大份额。相反，我国进口的汽车相关产品多具有大排量、技术密集型、高附加值等特性。

Statistics show,Last year our country auto parts export first over $50 billion,But auto parts/Accessories and body export amount of 27.133 billion dollars,car/Motorcycle tire exports amounted to us $13.426 billion,The export of the share.instead,Our country is imported car related products has to have large displacement/skill-intensive/High value-added features.

　　而在同一天内，反申诉与申诉，中美两方同时启动世贸争端解决程序。路透社报道认为，这反映了世界上最大的两个经济体之间贸易关系紧张。也有人认为，美国向WTO申诉其实与竞选不无关联。俄亥俄州是美国大选的“摇摆”州，有规模很大的制造业，不少人无端指责该州的制造业萧条是中国造成的。奥巴马17日的此番表态，无疑是把中美经贸发展过程中存在的问题与美国国内政治挂钩，用选战绑架中美贸易关系。

And on the same day,Reverse complaints and appeal,The two party and the launch of the wto dispute settlement procedures.Reuters reported,This reflects the world's two largest economies trade relationship between tension.Others think,The United States to the WTO is in fact and campaign association.Ohio is the U.S. presidential election"swing"state,A big manufacturing,Many people endless accused the state's manufacturing depression is caused by China.Obama 17, and this statement,No doubt is the development of china-us economic and trade problems existing in the course of domestic political hook with the United States,Campaign with kidnapping of sino-us trade relations.

　　面对不利的世界经济形势，中美要共度难关，理应彼此关切，慎用贸易救济措施。然而，美国一方面不承认中国的市场经济，另一方面却要求中方恪守“市场经济”准则，对输美产品滥用贸易救济手段，甚至以国内政治来干扰两国合作共赢的贸易关系。我们不禁要问，“市场经济”法则难道是美国一家说了算吗？美国要求中方尊重美国利益，却始终不愿意平等地对待中国，中国难道只能充当“案板上的鱼肉”吗？

In the face of the disadvantage of the world economic situation,China and the United States to this together,Concern to each other,Careful with trade relief measures.however,The United States on the one hand does not recognize China's market economy,On the other hand but urge China to abide by"Market economy"criterion,To lose beauty products abuse of trade remedy means,Even in domestic politics to interference cooperation between the two countries win-win trade relations.We can not help but ask,"Market economy"Law is an American don't calculate?The United States urge China to respect the United States interests,But always would not equal to China,China is only act as"Chopping board on the fish"??

　　今年2月28日，奥巴马政府正式成立“跨部门贸易执法中心”，加强对外国贸易政策和实践的调查，外界广泛认为此举主要是针对中国。有这样的统计，执政3年零8个月的奥巴马政府在对华贸易方面，已在WTO针对中国提起8起指控，比小布什政府8年提出的指控还要多。这已经形象地说明，两国经贸关系的障碍日益加深，与中美双方大多数企业的期待相反。

On February 28,,Obama government formally established"Cross functional trade law enforcement center",Strengthen the foreign trade policy and practice of investigation,The outside world is widely recognized that the move is mainly aimed at China.Have such statistics,Ruling 3 years and eight months of Obama government in China trade,Has set up a file in the WTO for China mention 8 accusations,More than 8 years the bush administration put forward more than charges.This is the image of the description,Economic and trade relations between China and deepening of the obstacles,And both sides most enterprises expectations instead.

　　中美经济关系要持久互利，唯有深化战略沟通与务实合作，在平等互惠的基础上相互尊重、关切对方，方能结出丰硕的成果。假如美方一味把中国视为潜在的战略对手，对中方缺乏信任，以对抗解决贸易争端，加剧贸易风险形势，其结果只能损人不利己，造成伤害的也绝不仅仅是中国的相关产业。阴影底下的中美经贸关系，就一定有益于美国振兴经济和增加就业吗？恐怕未必，事与愿违的机率似乎更大。 

The u.s.-china economic relationship lasting and mutual benefit,Only deepen strategic communication and pragmatic cooperation,On the basis of equality and reciprocity in mutual respect/Concern each other,Can bear fruitful results.If the United States blindly take China as a potential strategic rivals,Lack of trust in China,To counter to solve trade disputes,Aggravate trade risk situation,The result can only benefit dog in the manger,The damage is not just about China's relevant industries.Under the shadow of the china-us economic and trade relations,Will benefit the United States to develop the economy and increase obtain employment?I'm afraid not,Contrary to what expects the probability seems more big. 

　　面对如此情况，本土零部件企业的当务之急要数提高研发投入比例。目前，我国零部件企业研发投入占销售收入比重平均不到1.5%，远低于外资企业6.6%的水平。其次，要摆脱对单一主机厂的依附关系，力争独立走向市场。美国德尔福、伟世通，德国大陆、博世，日本电装、精工等都不是依赖某家企业，而是为整个行业服务，因此在与主机厂的合作中并不处于弱势。

In the face of such a situation,Local parts and the most important task for enterprises to improve the number of r&d investment proportion.At present,Our country parts enterprise r&d investment accounted for the proportion of sales income on average less than 1.5%,Far below the level of the foreign capital enterprise 6.6%.secondly,To get rid of a single main to attachment relations,Strive to independent to the market.The United States Delphi/visteon,Germany mainland/Bosch,denso/Seiko are not dependent on some companies,But for the whole industry service,So the main and the cooperation is not weak.