积极运用贸易规则  加快产品的结构转型

Positive use trade rules  To speed up the product structure transformation

　　专家建议，未来我国出口战略应是贸易再平衡，而不应单单重视出口和顺差。我国应加快产品结构转型，重视一般贸易而非加工贸易，提高产品竞争力。应进一步熟悉WTO规则，尽可能多运用WTO机制维护本国企业权益。

Experts suggest,The future of our country export strategy should be trade balance again,And should not only pay attention to export and surplus.Our country should speed up the transformation of the product structure,Pay attention to general trade rather than processing trade,Enhance the competitiveness of their products.Should further the familiar WTO rules,As much as possible use of WTO mechanism for safeguarding rights enterprise.

　　近期以来，我国面临的贸易摩擦增多。10月8日，美国仅凭主观猜忌和不实依据发表一份调查报告称，中国华为技术有限公司和中兴通讯(微博)(8.96,-0.04,-0.44%)股份有限公司对美国国家安全构成威胁，建议阻止这两家企业在美开展投资贸易活动。继美国排斥中国企业在美开展正常经营和参与正当竞争之后不久，美国商务部又无视中国政府和中国企业的合理抗辩，对中国输美太阳能电池产品采取不公正的征税措施，对华太阳能电池征收反倾销反补贴(以下简称“双反”)税。

Since recent,China faces increasing trade friction.October 8,The United States with only subjective suspicion and false according to a survey published report said,China's huawei technologies co., LTD. And zte(Micro bo)(8.96,- 0.04,0.44% -)A joint stock limited company to U.S. national security threat,Suggestions to prevent the two companies in the United States in investment and trade activities.The United States repel the Chinese enterprise in the United States to carry out normal business and participate in competition soon after,The us department of commerce and ignore the Chinese government and Chinese enterprises' reasonable defense,On China's lost beauty solar battery products take unfair tax measures,China anti-dumping countervailing solar cells(Hereinafter referred to as"Double reverse")tax.

　　除中美贸易摩擦在近期频发外，新兴经济体与中国的贸易摩擦也明显增多。10月15日，墨西哥就中国纺织品和服装补贴政策提起世贸组织争端解决机制下的磋商请求。墨西哥认为，中国通过减免企业所得税和贷款、电价折扣等，对服装及纺织品进行了补贴，对墨西哥产生较大负面影响。随后中国商务部回应称，中国将根据WTO争端解决程序予以妥善处理。

In addition to trade friction between China and the United States in the near future the frequent,Emerging economies and China's trade friction also markedly increased.On October 15,,Mexico is China's textiles and clothing subsidy policy to the wto dispute settlement mechanism of the request for consultations.Mexico think,China through the reduction of enterprise income tax and loan/Price discount, etc,Garment and textile to the subsidies,Have great negative impact to Mexico.Then China's commerce ministry said response,China will according to WTO dispute settlement procedures shall be properly handle.

　　“总体来看，当前我们面临的贸易摩擦主要包括反倾销、反补贴、技术性贸易壁垒、绿色贸易壁垒四种形式。”接受本报记者采访的交行金研中心研究员、金融学博士陈鹄飞告诉记者。他认为，我国近期贸易摩擦增多既有外部原因，也有内部因素。从外部因素来看，贸易摩擦是贸易自由化必然要面临的问题，具有必然性的特征。近期在全球经济复苏乏力的背景下，贸易保护主义抬头是贸易摩擦增多的重要原因。主要发达经济体美欧等都面临就业问题，因此往往通过贸易壁垒保护本国国内产业，保障就业的稳定。此外，加入WTO后我国也相应付出一些代价，我国以非市场经济主体身份进入WTO，美国对我国发起“双反”，各国也会相继效仿，而国外经济体对我国非市场经济主体的低估和偏差是重要原因。

"overall,Current we are faced with the trade friction mainly includes anti-dumping/countervailing/Technical barriers to trade/Green trade barriers four forms."Accepting our newspaper reporter to interview a fellow of the center for research in gold/Ph.D. In finance, ChenGu fly told reporters.He thinks,In the near future our country trade friction increases both external causes,Also have internal factor.To see from external factors,Trade friction is trade liberalization must are faced with the problem,Has the characteristics of necessity.The recent recovery in the global economy under the background of weak,Trade protectionism growth is the important reason for the increasing trade friction.Major developed economies such as the us and Europe face the employment problem,So often through the trade barriers to protect its domestic industry,Ensure the stability of employment.In addition,To join the WTO China also corresponding pay some price,Our country to non-market economy subject identity into WTO,The United States launched in our country"Double reverse",Countries will also have to follow,And foreign economies to our country non-market economy subject undervalued and deviation is an important reason.

　　从内部因素来看，我国外贸产品结构目前不是特别合理，产品主要集中于劳动密集型，容易引起欧美等发达经济体以保护本国就业为目的的“双反”调查。同时，我国与新兴经济体之间出现的贸易摩擦，主要是由于我国出口产品与新兴经济体的产品具有趋同性特征，都集中在产业链低端。产品的趋同性很容易导致新兴经济体与我国产生贸易摩擦。业内人士指出，与发达国家不同的是，新兴经济体对华产品发起“双反”调查的目的或更重在发展自己的相关产业，减低对外依存度，这也使得其“双反”的范围更广。

From the internal factor to see,Our country foreign trade product structure is not reasonable at present special,The main products focus on labor-intensive,It is apt to cause the Europe and the United States and other developed economies to protect domestic employment for the purpose of"Double reverse"survey.At the same time,Our country and emerging economies appear between the trade friction,Is mainly due to our export products and emerging economies products have a trend of convergence characteristics,Are concentrated in the low industrial chain.Product convergence is easy to lead to emerging economies and our country produce trade friction.The personage inside course of study points out that,With the developed countries is different,Emerging economies China product launch"Double reverse"The purpose of the investigation or more emphasis on developing their own related industry,To reduce external dependence,This also makes the"Double reverse"On a wide range of.

　　陈鹄飞表示，我国处于经济转轨时期，相关制度尚不完善，一些法律制度并没有完全适应WTO规则。比如在知识产权保护方面，尚未与我国经济发展水平相适应。

ChenGu fly said,In the economic transition period in our country,The relevant system is not perfect,Some of the legal system is not fully adapt to the WTO rules.For example, in intellectual property protection,With China's economic development has not been horizontal photograph to suit.

　　9月出口的反弹成为当前我国经济中的一大亮点。不过，如果剔除圣诞节订单的季节性因素，后期我国外贸形势依然不容乐观。在全球经济依旧疲软难以短期回升的背景下，短期内我国出口形势难以扭转低位运行的态势。近期不断出现的贸易摩擦，对我国低迷的外贸形势可谓“雪上加霜”，贸易争端增多将对我国出口企稳回升造成不利影响。陈鹄飞认为，近期美国大选，对华“双反”的贸易摩擦争端也会增多，短期内出口状况仍不容乐观。

September exports in China's current economic rebound become the one large window.but,If eliminate Christmas orders of seasonal factors,Late Chinese foreign trade situation is still not optimistic.In the global economy is still weak hard under the background of short-term rebound,In the short term China's export situation is difficult to turn low operation of the situation.Recent appear constantly trade friction,To our country foreign trade situation is bad"Add insult to injury",Trade disputes will increase to our export stabilises rebound adversely affect.ChenGu fly think,A recent American election,China"Double reverse"Trade friction disputes will also increase,In the short term export situation is still not optimistic.

　　业内人士指出，贸易摩擦对涉案企业和产业影响较大，会导致出口的减少甚至被迫退出部分国外市场。比如，当前欧美“围攻”我国光伏产业，对本已深陷发展困局的我国光伏产业发展带来严重影响，这一影响已经显现。此外，贸易摩擦还将会导致贸易转移效应的产生，具体表现为产业转移和出口市场的转移。

The personage inside course of study points out that,Trade friction on involved in enterprise and industry greatly influenced,Can lead to export reduced or even was forced to withdraw from part of the foreign market.For example,The current Europe and the United States"siege"Our pv industry,This has set up a file in the development of this our pv industry development brings the serious influence,The effect has been revealed.In addition,Trade friction also will lead to trade diversion effect production,The specific performance of industrial transfer and the transfer of export market.

　　日前，世界银行(微博)和国际货币基金组织(微博)发布的研究报告均认为，下半年全球新兴产业领域贸易摩擦将加剧。国际货币基金组织报告称，美欧等国将进一步挑战新兴经济体的体制性障碍，并通过贸易救济措施，强化对绿色、新能源产业和电子信息产品的贸易保护，因此贸易摩擦会不断增加。

a,The world bank(Micro bo)And the international monetary fund(Micro bo)A research report published all think,The second half of the global emerging industry trade friction will heighten.The international monetary fund, the report says,Countries such as the us and Europe will be further challenge the systematic obstacles of the emerging economies,And through the trade relief measures,Strengthen green/New energy industry and electronic information products trade protection,Therefore trade friction will increase.

　　对此，专家建议要正确认识我国面临的贸易摩擦以及对我国的负面影响，既要看到贸易摩擦存在的必然性，也要看到贸易保护主义抬头对我国产生的不利影响。我国历来十分重视国际贸易摩擦的问题，希望可以通过对话磋商和合作来解决，在我国的努力下也取得一些积极成效。

this,Expert advice to a correct understanding of our country faced with the trade friction and the negative impact to our country,Should not only see the trade friction necessity of existence,Also want to see the trade protectionism looked up to our country produce adverse effect.China has always attached great importance to the problem of international trade friction,The hope can through dialogue and consultation and cooperation to tackle the,In our efforts also have some positive results.

　　为减少和积极应对贸易摩擦，下一步我国更应未雨绸缪，练好内功，积极应对做好准备。陈鹄飞建议，未来我国出口战略应是贸易再平衡，而不应单单重视出口和顺差。贸易再平衡是提升贸易竞争力的重要因素。我国应加快产品结构转型，重视一般贸易而非加工贸易，提高产品竞争力。应进一步熟悉WTO规则，尽可能多运用WTO机制维护本国企业权益。此外，还要加强市场经济制度建设，转变政府职能，加快企业改革，让企业成为市场经济的主体，形成开放的市场秩序。

To reduce and coping with trade friction,The next step our country should save for a rainy day,Practice internal work,Coping with ready.ChenGu fly Suggestions,The future of our country export strategy should be trade balance again,And should not only pay attention to export and surplus.Trade to balance is to promote trade competitiveness of the important factors.Our country should speed up the transformation of the product structure,Pay attention to general trade rather than processing trade,Enhance the competitiveness of their products.Should further the familiar WTO rules,As much as possible use of WTO mechanism for safeguarding rights enterprise.In addition,To strengthen the market economic system construction of our country,Transformation of government functions,Speed up enterprise reform,Let enterprises become the main body of the market economy,To form an open market order.