目前，世界主要石油输出国正在考虑对出口石油征收小额碳税，以打破联合国气候大会向发展中国家提供资金的决议无法落实的僵局。

At present,The world's major oil exporters are considering on export oil collection of small carbon tax,In order to break the UN climate conference to developing countries to provide funds resolution cannot implement deadlock.

　　这项由厄瓜多尔发起、最近提交给石油输出国组织（OPEC）的倡议建议，对每桶出口发达国家的石油征收3%~5%的税款，这将可能每年为绿色气候基金筹集400~600亿美元。该基金预期将成为发展中国家应对气候变化的主要资金来源。

The launch from Ecuador/Recently submitted to the organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)Initiative advice,A barrel of developed countries to export the petroleum collection of 3% ~ 5% of tax,This will be a every year for the green climate fund to raise $400 to $60 billion.The fund is expected to become the developing countries to cope with climate change of the main source of fund.

　　此项倡议源自今年10月在秘鲁举行的阿拉伯和南美国家峰会。OPEC12个成员国的9个成员国国家元首和能源部长与会。厄瓜多尔总统拉斐尔·科雷亚在峰会上提出了征收碳税的倡议。

The initiative comes from October this year held in Peru Arab and South American countries summit.OPEC12 member countries of the nine members of state and the energy secretary.Ecuador's President rafael KeLeiYa at the summit puts forward a carbon tax initiative.

　　他指出：“首个全球碳排放税将取得最高效、最公正的效果，完成京都议定书所没有完成的任务，即让碳排放者内化行为效果，为他们造成的污染买单。”

He pointed out that:"First a global carbon tax will obtain the most efficient/The effect of the fair,Complete the Kyoto protocol did not finish task,That let carbon emitters internalization behavior effect,Pay for their pollution."

　　英国《卫报》认为该倡议是经过认真考虑的，而非一时兴起。2001年世界银行前高级经济学家赫尔曼·戴利首次提出了这一想法，该碳税因此得名为“戴利－科雷尔税”。11月26日，在多哈举行的联合国气候大会上OPEC国家还深入讨论了这一倡议。

British[The guardian]Think this initiative is after careful consideration,Rather than on a whim.2001 years before the world bank senior economist Herman Daly first puts forward this idea,The carbon tax so named for"Daly - family rell tax".November 26,In doha at the UN climate conference OPEC countries are further discussed the initiative.

　　尽管发达国家已正式同意每年为发展中国家在2020年前应对气候变化提供1000亿美元的资金，但在确定融资手段上鲜有进展。目前联合国秘书长潘基文设立了一个气候变化融资高级咨询小组，英国前任首相戈登·布朗担任联合主席。小组考虑过众多融资措施，包括对全球航运、空运及金融交易征税，也曾考虑过碳税，但均不是向石油进口征税。

Although the developed countries has officially agreed to a year for developing countries to respond to climate change in the 2020 years ago provide us $100 billion of capital,But in determining the financing means making little headway.At present the United Nations secretary general ban ki-moon has established a climate change financing, senior consulting group,Former British prime minister Gordon brown as co-chairman.Group considered many financing measures,Including the global shipping/Air and financial transaction levy,Also once considered a carbon tax,But all is not to oil import tax.

　　“‘戴利－科雷尔碳税倡议的好处在于它可以筹集巨资，且管理相对容易，所有资金将用于发展中国家应对气候变化、发展可再生能源。我们贯彻污染者买单的原则。”一位厄瓜多尔外交部官员如是说。

"‘Daly - family rell carbon tax initiative is that it can raise the benefits of a huge sum of money,And relatively easy to management,All of the funds will be used in developing countries to cope with climate change/The development of renewable energy.We carry out the principle of polluter pay."An Ecuadorian foreign ministry officials said.

　　目前，石油输出国组织提供了全球约40%的石油，成员包括委内瑞拉、伊朗、伊拉克、沙特、阿联酋、尼日利亚、厄瓜多尔、加蓬和安哥拉。该组织可能会独自征收碳税，但这几乎可以肯定会受到欧洲、美国和日本的强烈抵制——世界石油进口的1/3源自它们。因此，倡议要想取得成功，还需其他石油出口大国（如俄罗斯）同意采取同样的措施。

At present,The organization of petroleum exporting countries provides approximately 40% of global oil,Members include venezuela/Iran/Iraq/Saudi/The united Arab emirates/Nigeria/Ecuador/Gabon and Angola.The organization may be alone a carbon tax,But it almost certainly will be affected by Europe/The United States and Japan's strong boycott -- world oil imports from one-third of them.therefore,Initiative to be successful,Still need to other oil exporter(Such as Russia)Agree to take the same measures.

　　在发达国家中，挪威支持征收碳税，以帮助发展中国家应对气候变化。今年10月，挪威建议对海上石油公司和捕鱼船队征收的碳税增加约1倍，这可为各基金增收10亿英镑，用于支持发展中国家减缓气候变化影响、发展可再生能源、推广低碳能源、提高食品安全。

In the developed countries,Norway support a carbon tax,To help developing countries cope with climate change.In October this year,Norway Suggestions for offshore oil company and the fishing fleet to the collection of carbon tax increase about 1 times,This can be for the fund income 1 billion pounds,Used to support the developing countries of mitigating climate change impact/The development of renewable energy/Promotion of low carbon energy/Enhance food safety.

　　11月12日，100家跨国公司签署了《碳价公报》宣言（计划协调方为威尔士亲王气候变化企业家小组），包括壳牌石油、联合利华、香港国泰航空、法国电力集团、巴西Braskem公司、挪威国家石油公司、瑞士再保险、日本理光、瑞典斯堪斯卡等公司。它们均表示会支持全球碳价的推广，呼吁各国政府实行碳价，以驱动温室气体大幅减排所需投资的增长，这清楚表明企业界已对联合国气候大会缺乏实质行动感到失望。

On November 12,,100 multinational companies signed[Carbon price bulletin]declaration(Plan coordination party for prince of wales climate change entrepreneur team),Including shell oil/unilever/Hong Kong cathay Pacific/The French electricity group/Brazil Braskem company/Norway's state oil company/Swiss reinsurance/ricoh/Sweden Francesca in Scandinavia and so on.They expressed that will support a global carbon price promotion,Called on governments to implement carbon price,To drive the greenhouse gas emissions reduction greatly needed for the growth of investment,This clearly shows that business has to the UN climate conference lacks the substantive action be disappointed.

　　企业界代表们表示：“确定清晰、透明、无歧义的碳价必须是核心政策的主旨。碳价的确定有助于人们制定更加宏伟的目标。”

Business representatives said:"Sure clear/transparent/No ambiguity of carbon price must be core policy theme.Carbon price determination helps people to make even more ambitious target."

　　（中国科学技术信息研究所贾伟编译）

(China science and technology information institute JiaWei compilation)