“337调查”，中国企业的败诉率高达60%，远高于全球平均值26%

"337 survey",Chinese enterprises BaiSuLv reaches as high as 60%,Far higher than the global average of 26%

　　对于处于“微笑曲线”下游的中国制造企业来讲，今年“中美贸易的寒冬”比以往来的更早一些。

For in"Smile curve"The downstream of Chinese manufacturing enterprise speaking,This year"Sino-us trade the cold of the winter"Earlier than ever before to some.

　　据中国贸易救济信息网统计，仅今年上半年，美国共发起“337调查”29起，其中，涉华（中国大陆）11起，占到总数的37.9%，中国大陆已成为继台湾之后美国“337调查”的第二大受害者。相对于中国企业熟知的双反调查（反倾销、反补贴），“337条款”则略显陌生。它是美国1930年《关税法》第337条款的通俗称谓，该条款主要是调查进口产品中侵犯知识产权和不正当竞争的行为，实践中有90%的相关调查为专利侵权。

According to China's trade relief information network statistics,Only in the first half of this year,The United States launched a total of"337 survey"And the,the,SheHua(Mainland China)11,Account for 37.9% of the total,China has become the Taiwan after the United States"337 survey"The second largest victim.Relative in China enterprise known as the double reverse survey(anti-dumping/countervailing),"Article 337"Is slightly strange.It is the United States in 1930[Tariff act]Section 337 popular appellation,This clause is mainly survey in imported products infringe intellectual property rights and an act of unfair competition,Practice has 90% of the related investigation for patent infringement.

　　被封为“贸易保护主义新变种”的“337调查”的厉害之处在于，一旦某企业被美方认定为侵权，该企业相关产品将可能被永久禁止进入美国，而且该国同行业的同类商品也可能永远无法进入美国市场。

Was created for"Trade protectionism new varieties"of"337 survey"Badly in,Once a enterprise by the U.S. regarded as tort,This enterprise related products may be permanently barred from the United States,The country's industry and the same kind of goods may never enter the American market.

　　2004年至2011年，中国连续7年成为遭受“337调查”最多的国家。中国企业的败诉率高达60%，远高于世界平均值26%。面对中美贸易寒冬，中国企业要如何应对以迎接春天？对此，南都采访了专攻中美贸易研究、美国乔治华盛顿大学伊理亚德国际关系学院教授、富布莱特学者JosephPelzman教授。

From 2004 to 2011,China's continuous 7 years become suffer"337 survey"Most populous country.Chinese enterprises BaiSuLv reaches as high as 60%,Far higher than the world average of 26%.In the face of the sino-us trade winter,Chinese enterprises should how to deal with to meet spring?this,SMW interviewed specialize in sino-us trade research/The George Washington university the reason the German international relations institute professor/Fulbright scholar professor JosephPelzman.

　　摩擦是企业间的，并非国家之间

Friction is between enterprises,Between countries are not

　　南方都市报（以下简称“南都”）：今年上半年，“337调查”涉华11起，您怎么看中美之间的贸易摩擦？

Southern metropolis daily(Hereinafter referred to as"SMW"):In the first half of this year,"337 survey"SheHua 11,How do you see the trade friction between China and the United States?

　　JosephPelzman：这些诉讼看似是国家之间的，实际上是企业间的。

JosephPelzman:The action is seemingly between countries,Is actually between enterprises.

　　在337调查中，美国企业怀疑对方是不正当竞争，因为对方没有制定合理的价格，因此需要进行公平裁决。美国企业不可能起诉中国公司，这不符合美国法律，也不符合WTO法规，所以他们只能通过政府立案。

In the 337 survey,The United States enterprise doubt the other party is unfair competition,Because the other party didn't make the reasonable price,Therefore the need for a fair verdict.The enterprise may not against China company,It does not accord with the laws of the United States,Also is not in conformity with the WTO regulations,So they can only through the government put on record.

　　这些诉讼其实不关美国政府的事，只是美国企业竞争不过中国企业，所以贸易摩擦其实是企业间的，且并不是新现象，日本在20世纪70年代末、80年代也有过相同的遭遇。

These litigation actually none of the United States government,But the United States enterprise competition but Chinese enterprise,So trade friction between enterprises is actually,And is not a new phenomenon,Japan in the 1970 s/In the 80 s also had had the same experience.

　　南都：中美贸易摩擦的主要原因是什么？

SMW:The sino-american trade friction is the main reason for that?

　　JosephPelzman：原因有很多，比如中国企业不愿意公开信息。

JosephPelzman:Reason has many,Such as China enterprise is not willing to open information.

　　有时，当中国企业对美国的裁决认为不公平时，会诉之WTO，WTO认为中国有权利起诉美国。但这种起诉、调查所需要的相关文件，中国企业并不愿意提供，那么美国企业就可以制造各种数据了。

sometimes,When the Chinese enterprise to American ruled that injustice at ordinary times,Will resort WTO,WTO think China has the right to Sue the United States.But the prosecution/Survey need relevant documents,Chinese enterprise is not willing to provide,So the enterprise can make all kinds of data.

　　我也是一名律师，当一个企业被起诉时，他就应该提供相关文件。如果他不愿意公开，律师就有可能在法庭上说，“看，这个企业在隐藏东西”。律师就会根据自己的推测来描述这个企业的情况。这个道理是相通的。

I am also a lawyer,When a company are sued,He should provide relevant documents.If he doesn't want to open,A lawyer may in court said,"see,The enterprises in the hidden things".Lawyer will be according to their own speculation to describe this the circumstance of the enterprise.The truth is the same.

　　如果中国企业迁移到美国，问题就好办了。当日本企业把一部分制造迁移到美国去后，关于日本的反倾销就停止了。现在本田、丰田、大金、尼桑部分工厂迁移到美国进行制造，摩擦就消失了。

If the Chinese enterprise migration to the United States,Problem is easy.When the Japanese enterprise put part of the manufacturing migration to the United States after,About Japan's anti-dumping stopped.Now Honda/Toyota/auric/Nissan part factory moved to the United States manufacturing,Friction disappeared.

　　南都：中兴、华为被认为威胁美国国家安全，您认可这一说法吗？美国民众怎样看待中国企业？

SMW:zte/Huawei is considered to threat to U.S. national security,You recognize this statement?The American people look at how Chinese enterprises?

　　JosephPelzman：当有人举起“国家安全”旗子的时候，通常人们就会停止一切的讨论，变成无知地追赶“国家安全”。

JosephPelzman:When someone is lifted up"National security"Flags when,Usually people will stop all discussion,Become ignorance after"National security".

　　在WTO有“国家安全”法案，如果一个国家要起诉其它国家，只要是“国家安全”被喊出，就没有交谈，没有调查，必须中止。这是一种愚蠢的论调，但是全球都在用它，美国、中国、WTO都不例外。

In the WTO have"National security"act,If a nation is to Sue other countries,As long as it is"National security"Was called out,There is no talk,No investigation,Must be suspended.This is a silly argument,But the global are using it,The United States/China/WTO are no exception.

　　美国的民众并不知道真相，他们只关心自己是否失去工作。而且，通常他们比较善于在别人身上找借口。我们容易接受，失去工作是因为他人原因，而不是自己的能力不足。

American people do not know the truth,They only care about whether they are losing their jobs.and,Usually they are good at making excuses in others.We are apt to accept,Lose their jobs because others reason,Instead of their own ability is insufficient.

　　国家也是如此，每个国家都一样，这是一个全球性的问题。大家都不愿意承担责任，奥巴马处理不了的问题，就说这是中国的错，罗姆尼处理不了的问题，也说是中国的错。

Countries so,Every country are all the same,This is a global problem.Everyone is not willing to take responsibility,Obama could not handle the problem,He said this is China's wrong,Mr Romney could not handle the problem,Also say China's fault.

　　中国企业不了解竞争对手，只知道规则和销售

Chinese enterprises don't understand competitors,Only know the rules and sales

　　南都：对于三一重工起诉奥巴马，您怎么看？预测一下结果？

SMW:For sany prosecution barack Obama,How do you see?Prediction for the results?

　　JosephPelzman：三一不能起诉总统，这是不对的。中国企业应该起诉美国政府采取的决策，而不是总统本人。

JosephPelzman:Trinity unable to prosecute the President,It is wrong.Chinese enterprises should Sue the U.S. government to take decisions,Rather than the President himself.

　　仲裁的结果是要由法官裁决的，法官可能也很难办，你说法官能把总统送进监狱吗？

Arbitration is the result of the judge ruling,The judge may also very difficult,You said the President's senses in jail?

　　南都：您对出口型的中国企业有什么建议？中国企业应如何规避风险？

SMW:You to export-oriented Chinese enterprises have any Suggestions?Chinese enterprises should be how to evade risk?

　　JosephPelzman：这很难，首先中国企业必须要了解竞争对手，并且小心与竞争对手之间的交易。

JosephPelzman:It's hard to,The first thing China enterprise must understand competitors,And be careful with rivals trading.

　　现在中国企业的现状就是不了解竞争对手，只知道规则和销售。中国企业必须知道在和谁竞争，需要和竞争对手成为朋友。以个人为例，如果我和你是朋友，起诉你就比较困难，如果不是朋友，那就比较容易。

Now China's enterprises' situation is not understand competitors,Only know the rules and sales.Chinese enterprises must know and who in competition,Needs and competitors become friends.Personal as an example,If you and I are friends,Sue you was more difficult,If not be a friend,It will be easier.

　　另外，中国企业还需要在公共关系上下功夫。在美国，大公司都有律师活跃在国会，律师们要跟参议员进行交流，否则没有人知道这些大公司。公关也是销售的一部分，中国的公关没有做好，如果做好了，像华为、中兴这些事件就不会发生。

In addition,Chinese enterprises still need to be in public relations fluctuation kongfu.In the United States,Big companies have a lawyer is active in congress,Lawyers to communicate with the senator,Otherwise no one know these big company.Public relations is also part of the sales,China's public relations is not ready,If done,Like huawei/Zte these events will not happen.

　　中国企业没有把相关信息告诉美国，让其知道这只是工作，跟国家安全没有关系。因为中国企业的保密，美国就认为华为的老板出身军方，公司是在为中国收集信息的。

Chinese enterprises without the relevant information to the United States,Let it know that it's just a job,No relationship with national security.Because the Chinese enterprise confidential,The United States that huawei boss is military,The company is in China for collecting information.

　　如果要找一个在公共关系方面的模范，那就是日本。日本企业会把自己的想法告诉美国，这一点赢得了美国的肯定，他做得很成功。

If you want to find a model in public relations,That is Japan.Japan enterprise will put his idea to the United States,It won the America's affirmation,He did very successful.

　　韩国在效仿日本，中国现在也在做，就像你现在采访我一样，加深理解和认同。但中国要花很长时间来做这些事。（中大亚太学院对此文有贡献）

In South Korea to follow Japan,China also now doing,As you now interview me,To deepen understanding and identity.But China will take a long time to do these things.(Cuhk asia-pacific college to have contributed to this article)

　　(汪小星) 

(WangXiaoXing)