2012，对于大多数的中国外贸企业来说，日子难过，几乎成为了贯穿全年的主基调。

2012,For most Chinese foreign trade enterprise is,Days sad,Almost become the main tone throughout the year.

　　而频繁遭遇的反倾销调查，则成为了主基调中的最强音。

Often encounter the anti-dumping investigation,It became the main tone of the strongest note.

　　全球经济的持续低迷，使得昔日强劲的三驾马车之一的外贸出口动力日渐不足；而越来越多的国家，为了保护本国企业，也开始频繁举起贸易保护的大棒，中国遭遇到了来自发达经济体越来越多的反倾销调查。更加引人注意的是，中国与新兴经济体之间的贸易摩擦也在悄然间不断增多。

The global economy sustained downturn,That old strong troika, one of the foreign trade export power is insufficient;And more and more countries,In order to protect the national enterprise,Began to frequent lift trade protection stick,China has suffered from the developed economies more and more anti-dumping investigation.Even more striking is,China and emerging economies, the trade friction between in increasing between quietly.

　　倾销与反倾销，注定会成为今后世界贸易中的一种常态。而对于中国外贸企业来说，学会适应与抗争，也将成为今后企业运营当中的一种常态。

Dumping and anti-dumping,Destined to become the future world trade in a normal.For China's foreign trade enterprise speaking,To learn to adapt to and fight,Also will be the future of the business operation of a normal.

　　光伏成为“风暴眼”

Photovoltaic become"Storm eye"

　　毫无疑问，中国光伏产业是今年遭遇反倾销调查的重灾区。而风暴的中心，则在2011年就已开始酝酿。

There is no doubt that,China pv industry is encountered this anti-dumping investigation of the worst-hit areas.And the center of the storm,In 2011, began brewing.

　　当时，美国对中国光伏产业“双反”调查结果出炉之时，业内对其引发的连锁反应就有所担心，担心美国的“双反”调查会把欧洲拉下水。这种局面一旦成为现实，用发改委能源研究所所长李俊峰的话说，就是“灭顶之灾”。他认为：“根据中国企业现在的利润水平，只增加10%的关税，就会造成灭顶之灾。”

At that time,The United States to China pv industry"Double reverse"The results of the survey of a,The cause of the chain reaction is to worry about,Worry that the United States"Double reverse"Although the European LaXiaShui.This situation once become a reality,With development and reform commission energy institute director LiJunFeng words,is"destruction".He thinks:"According to the Chinese enterprise now profit level,The increase has only 10% of the tariff,Can cause destruction."

　　“美国虽然不是最大的市场，但潜力巨大，更糟糕的是，欧洲国家可能会跟风。”东莞一家太阳能玻璃生产企业高管说。他认为，如果美国光伏“双反”调查引发连锁反应，这才是最致命的。

"Though the United States is not the biggest market,But the potential is tremendous,worse,European countries are likely to follow suit."The dongguan a solar glass production enterprise executives said.He thinks,If the United States photovoltaic"Double reverse"Investigation result in a chain reaction,This is the most deadly.

　　现在，业内人士的担心已成为现实。

now,The personage inside course of study to worry has become a reality.

　　2012年9月23日，苏州阿特斯阳光电力董事长瞿晓铧再次飞赴欧洲。行前，他说：“这就是贸易战中的钓鱼岛之争。

On September 23, 2012,Suzhou's chairman of the board of directors QuXiaoHua o sun power again fly to Europe.anterior,He said:"This is the diaoyu islands for a trade war.

　　此前的9月6日，欧盟委员会正式宣布启动对中国出口的所有太阳能光伏组件和部件(包括太阳能电池片、硅片)进行反倾销调查----涉及中国210亿欧元出口、上千家企业存亡和40万人就业。这被业界认为是迄今为止欧盟委员会立案的最大金额反倾销调查，也是中国迄今遭遇到的金额最大的贸易诉讼。对已进入寒冬的中国光伏产业而言，这样的打击是致命性的。

After September 6,,The European commission formally announced the start of China's export all solar pv modules and components(Including solar cell/Silicon wafer)An antidumping duty investigations involving Chinese export - 21 billion euros/Thousands of enterprise survival and 400000 jobs.This is the industry that is by far the largest amount of the European commission filed anti-dumping investigation,China has also encountered the amount of the largest trade action.To has entered the winter China pv industry,,This is a fatal blow.

　　这次打击始于7月24日。当日，以SolarworldAG为首新成立的欧洲光伏制造商联盟EUProSun正式发表声明，称该组织已经向欧盟委员会针对中国光伏制造商的倾销行为提起诉讼。根据欧盟法规，欧盟委员会需要在45天内决定是否接受诉讼展开调查，并在15个月内完成调查。

The campaign began in July 24.the,Led to SolarworldAG newly established European pv manufacturers alliance EUProSun formally issued a statement,Says the organization has to the European commission for Chinese pv manufacturers of dumping behavior a lawsuit.According to the regulations,The European commission need in 45 days to decide whether to accept investigation action,And in 15 months after complete the investigation.

　　SolarworldAG的副总裁MilanNitzschke表示，“中国公司在短短几年内占据了欧洲80%的光伏市场，他们在不计成本地倾销自己的产品。”

SolarworldAG vice President MilanNitzschke said,"Chinese company in a few short years accounted for 80% of the photovoltaic market in Europe,They are not to count the cost to dumping their products."

　　与今年5月份美国对中国光伏企业反倾销案例不同的是，美国仅要求对产自中国的电池进行“双反”制裁，而这一次SolarworldAG则要求欧盟对中国所有光伏产品进行“双反”制裁。

And may this year the Chinese photovoltaic enterprise anti-dumping case is different,The United States is only required to come from China's cell"Double reverse"sanctions,This time SolarworldAG calls for the European Union to all China pv product"Double reverse"sanctions.

　　7月底，中国光伏发电促进联盟在北京发布《联合声明》，呼吁欧盟慎重考虑对华发起的反倾销调查，同时正式请求中国政府尽快采三极措施，以维护国内光伏企业的合法权益。

The end of July,Chinese photovoltaic power to promote the alliance in Beijing issued[Joint statement],China called on the European Union careful consideration launched anti-dumping investigation,At the same time, the Chinese government official request as soon as possible (the three pole measures,In order to maintain the domestic photovoltaic enterprise's legitimate rights and interests.

　　随即，英利、尚德、天合以及阿特斯等中国光伏企业四大巨头准备在8月2日停工1小时，抗议SolarWorldAG等企业此前向欧盟所提的对中国产的太阳能板征收反倾销税的要求。不过，这一计划在8月1日深夜被临时叫停。

immediately,yingli/suntech/TRW o and Liverpool, Chinese photovoltaic enterprise four giants in preparation on August 2, shut down for 1 hour,Protest SolarWorldAG enterprises previously mentioned to the European Union to chinese-made solar panels requirements of anti-dumping duties.but,The plan on August 1 night is temporarily stop.

　　针对欧盟对光伏企业的“反倾销”诉讼，商务部紧急召见了英利、尚德、天合以及阿特斯等中国光伏企业四大巨头入京，共商对策。

According to the European Union on photovoltaic enterprise"anti-dumping"litigation,The ministry of commerce emergency summoned the yingli/suntech/TRW o and Liverpool, Chinese photovoltaic enterprise four giants in Beijing,Discuss the countermeasures.

　　8月31日，欧盟向中国驻欧盟使团发出照会，确认将对中国企业出口欧洲的太阳能电池及其组件发起反倾销调查。

August 31,,The European Union to the Chinese ambassador to the eu mission a note,Confirm to Chinese enterprises to export European solar cell and its components anti-dumping investigation.

　　9月，来自大西洋彼岸的反倾销硝烟尚未散去，印度这边又硝烟再起。12日，印度反倾销局收到印度业界申请，对原产于马来西亚、中国大陆、中国台北和美国，或从上述国家和地区出口的太阳能电池组件或部分部件进行反倾销调查。

September,From the other side of the Atlantic anti-dumping smoke has not been cleared,India side and smoke rise.12,Indian anti-dumping bureau received India industry application,The original from Malaysia/Mainland China/Chinese Taipei and the United States,Or from the above countries and regions export solar cell components or parts for anti-dumping investigation.

　　不过，相比于占国内光伏产品出口70%份额、逾200亿美元贸易额的欧洲市场，印度市场对于国内光伏企业的“制裁”已算不上最坏消息。数据显示，印度去年全年安装的480兆瓦光伏组件中，有62%的份额来自中国进口。

but,Compared to the domestic photovoltaic products for export 70% share/More than $20 billion trade of the European market,The India market for the domestic photovoltaic enterprise"sanctions"Has not the bad news.Data display,Last year India installed 480 mw photovoltaic components,Has a 62% share of imports from China.

　　“最坏的结果都已经经历了，我们现在对这一消息渐渐已经麻木了。”面对印度可能对中国反倾销的消息传来，国内一家光伏企业高管如是说。

"The worst result had experienced,We are now on the news is already dead."In the face of India might be in China anti-dumping news,A domestic photovoltaic enterprise executives said.

　　陶瓷遭遇“围攻之势”

Ceramic encounter"Siege of potential"

　　作为世界陶瓷产品出口第一大国，中国陶瓷企业的“出海”之路一直以来都饱受风浪。不过，今年的情况尤为突出。

As the world ceramic products are exported to the country,Chinese ceramic enterprises"sea"Road have been suffered from waves.but,This year's situation is particularly prominent.

　　欧盟委员会11月15日发布公告，决定对原产于中国的陶瓷餐具征收临时性反倾销税，实施期限为6个月。其中398家应诉中国企业的税率为17.6%至31.2%，未参加应诉的中国企业的税率为58.8%。在欧盟27个成员国中，尽管有14个国家对此投了反对票，但欧盟委员会仍通过了这一决定，并将在2013年5月15日前就是否征收上述反倾销税做出最终裁定。

The European commission issued on November 15,Decided to originating in China's ceramic tableware collection of temporary anti-dumping duties,Implementation period is 6 months.The 398 appearance Chinese enterprises rate is 17.6% to 31.2%,Does not attend the appearance of Chinese enterprise's rate is 58.8%.In the 27 eu members,Although there are 14 countries vetoed,But the European commission is still passed the decision,And in May 2013 15 is whether to impose anti-dumping duties to make the final decision.

　　今年2月16日，欧盟委员会发布公告，宣布对中国出口至欧洲的陶瓷餐具及厨房用具发起反倾销调查，被称为“陶瓷史上最大反倾销案”。海关统计数据显示，全国此案涉案企业有2000多家。其中，广东省的情况最为严重，尤其是潮州市。

On February 16,,The European commission issued,Announced on China's export to European ceramic tableware and kitchenware anti-dumping investigation,called"Ceramic history the biggest anti-dumping case".According to the statistics,The case involved the enterprise more than 2000.the,Guangdong province is most serious,Especially in chaozhou.

　　潮州市是全国陶瓷最大产区，生产厂家有上万家，广东四通集团有限公司是其中的龙头企业，但从6月起，这家企业来自欧洲的订单开始减少。到了八九月份，一些客户甚至不下单了。广东潮州市外经贸局表示，欧盟此举对日用陶瓷出口量占全国三分之一的潮州造成很大影响，殃及当地204家企业。

Chaozhou ceramic is the largest region,Manufacturers have notice,Guangdong stone group co., LTD. Is one of the leading enterprises,But from June,The enterprise from the European order began to decrease.Eight September,Some customers don't even the order.Chaozhou, guangdong foreign trade and economic cooperation bureau said,The European Union to the ceramic exports accounted for a third of chaozhou caused great influence,Bring disaster to the local 204 enterprises.

　　另外，湖南省此次涉案企业达85家，涉案总金额7461.9万美元，其中涉案金额在100万美元以上的企业有23家，涉案金额在50万美元以上的企业有32家。山东省涉案企业123家，涉案总金额达5795万美元。福建省涉案企业83家，涉案金额达1804.67万美元。其中，出口额最大的为430.4万美元。

In addition,The enterprise of hunan province involved amounted to 85,Involved in the total amount of $74.619 million,The amount involved in more than $1 million enterprises have 23 home,Involved in the amount of $500000 or more enterprises have 32 home.Shandong province 123 enterprises involved,Involved in the total amount of us $57.95 million.83 enterprises involved in fujian province,Involving a value of $18.0467 million.the,The biggest exports for $4.304 million.

　　6月2日，韩国贸易委员会做出反倾销复审判决，裁定征收中国瓷砖生产企业14%-29.41%不等的反倾销税率，其他供应商征收反倾销税率为16.07%，并将征收中国瓷砖反倾销税延长3年。此次反倾销涉及300余家佛山陶瓷企业。

June 2,,South Korean trade commission make anti-dumping review decision,Ruling collection of Chinese ceramic tile production enterprise 14% - 29.41% in anti-dumping tax rate,Other suppliers anti-dumping rate is 16.07%,And the collection of Chinese ceramic tile anti-dumping duties for another 3 years.The anti-dumping involving more than 300 foshan ceramic enterprise.

　　这是自2005年中国瓷砖遭受韩国反倾销以来，中国瓷砖再次遭受韩国反倾销调查，而此次反倾销最高税率比2005年反倾销高出4倍多。

Since the 2005 China ceramic tile suffered from South Korea since the anti-dumping,China ceramic tile from South Korea to anti-dumping investigation,The anti-dumping top rate higher than 2005 anti-dumping more than four times.

　　紧接着，阿根廷发起对中国瓷砖反倾销，提出高达631.63%的倾销幅度。令陶瓷企业担心的是，阿根廷反倾销可能引发南美市场的多米诺骨牌效应，巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭等国家或将纷纷效仿。据了解，此次阿根廷对中国的瓷砖反倾销涉案企业约100多家，其中有75%属于佛山的生产性企业及贸易型企业。

then,Argentina launched anti-dumping to China ceramic tile,Put forward as much as 631.63% of dumping margin.Make the ceramics enterprise worry is,Argentina anti-dumping could cause a domino effect of the South American market,Brazil/Paraguay/Uruguay and other countries or will have to follow.It is understood,The Argentina to China's ceramic tile anti-dumping enterprises involved about 100 home,75% belong to foshan productive enterprises and trade enterprise.

　　8月30日，墨西哥对中国日用陶瓷发起反倾销调查；8月31日，俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦经济共同体发起日用陶瓷一般性保障措施的调查，以保护国内产业为由，向全球设立贸易壁垒。

On August 30,,Mexico for Chinese ceramic anti-dumping investigation;August 31,,Russia/Belarus and kazakhstan economic community launch ceramics for daily use general survey of safeguard measures,In order to protect domestic industries as,To set up the global trade barriers.

　　针对中国陶瓷制品出口频繁遭遇贸易摩擦的现象，商务部研究院副研究员韩秀申认为，中国陶瓷产品出口发展的历史可以看作是中国外贸发展的一个缩影。今后随着陶瓷产品出口企业的转型升级、出口竞争力的提高，仍会遇到来自新兴经济体和一些发展中国家发起的贸易救济调查。在重重围堵下，中国陶瓷业出口形势严峻。

For Chinese ceramic products export frequently encounter trade friction phenomenon,The ministry of commerce research associate researcher HanXiuShen think,China ceramic products are exported to the history of the development of China's foreign trade development can be regarded as a miniature of the.With the future of the ceramic products export enterprise transformation and upgrade/The improvement of export competitiveness,Still will encounter from emerging economies and some developing countries launched trade remedy investigation.In layer under the containment,Chinese ceramics export the grim situation.

　　多行业遭遇“群殴”

Many industry encounter"ou"

　　据商务部数据显示，今年前三季度，中国出口产品遭遇国外贸易救济调查55起，增长38%，涉案金额243亿美元，增长近8倍。在这55起的外贸摩擦案件中，除了光伏和陶瓷之外，还有很多行业也遭受着不同程度的“群殴”。

According to the ministry of commerce data shows,The first three quarters of this year,China's export products encounter foreign trade remedy investigation 55 up,Growth of 38%,Involving a value of $24.3 billion,Growth nearly eight times.In this 55 up foreign trade friction cases,In addition to pv and ceramic outside,There are many industries have suffered varying degrees of"ou".

　　5月，美国国际贸易委员会做出日落复审(指在征收产品反倾销税5年期满进行的行政复审，相关机构进行复查以确定未来是否继续征税，又称期满复审)裁定，将对从中国进口的铸造用焦炭再征收5年的反倾销税。在本次复审中，中国出口企业无一应诉。中国五矿集团公司冯经理说：“企业没有应诉的主要原因是无法出口。价格摆在那里，国内40%的关税，谁能出得去？”

may,United States international trade commission to sunset review(Refers to the collection of anti-dumping duties of a product and the administrative review,Institutional review to determine whether to continue the future tax,Also called expires review)ruling,Will be imported from China foundry coke to collect 5 years of anti-dumping duties.In this in the review,China's export enterprise no appearance.China minmetals corp von manager said:"The enterprise did not appearance is the main reason of the unable to export.Price there,Domestic a 40% tariff,Who will have to go to?"

　　6月，巴基斯坦国家海关署发布公告，对来自中国的聚酯短纤发起反倾销调查，倾销调查期为2011年4月1日至2012年3月31日。调查期内，全国对巴基斯坦出口涉案产品1.5亿美元；厦门市对巴基斯坦出口涉案产品189万美元，涉案企业3家。紧接着，9月19日，美国国际贸易委员会做出日落复审裁定，中国输美聚酯纤维产品反倾销税将被延长征收五年。美国曾在2007年4月裁定中国向美国出口聚酯短纤存在倾销行为，倾销幅度从3.47%至44.30%。

June,Pakistan national customs department issued,From China's polyester staple anti-dumping investigation,Dumping investigation period for April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012.During the period of investigation,The export products to Pakistan involved 150 million dollars;Xiamen on Pakistan's export products involved in $1.89 million,Three enterprises involved.then,On September 19,United States international trade commission to sunset review decision,China lost beauty polyester fiber products anti-dumping duties will be extended collection of five years.The United States was in April 2007 to the United States ruled China export polyester staple exist dumping behavior,Dumping margin from 3.47% to 44.30%.

　　9月，欧盟委员会对中国彩涂板材征收反倾销税，中国企业历时大半年所做的申诉宣告失败。欧盟针对中国企业征收的反倾销税税率最高达到57.8%，占中国彩涂板材出口量20%市场份额的欧盟将对中国相关企业“关闭”。另外，在最新的一起针对中国高端钢材产品的反倾销案件中，澳大利亚已经决定对中国企业的镀锌板和镀铝锌板进行双反调查，目前，已经进入到调查程序。

September,The European commission to China anti-dumping duties/plate,Chinese companies have done last few months appeal failed.The European Union for Chinese enterprise to the collection of anti-dumping duties highest rate reached 57.8%,Of China's painted sheet exports 20% market share, the European Union to China related enterprises"closed".In addition,In the latest high-end steel products in China with the anti-dumping cases,Australia has decided to Chinese enterprises galvanized sheet and aluminium zinc plate for double reverse survey,At present,Has entered the investigation procedure.

　　9月底，美国轮胎特保案(指美国国际贸易委员会于2009年6月29日提出建议，对中国输美乘用车与轻型卡车轮胎连续三年分别加征55%、45%和35%的从价特别关税，期限为三年到期，此举对国内轮胎出口企业形成的利好还未显现，11月1日欧盟轮胎标签法又开始生效，成为国内轮胎行业的阴霾。 

By the end of September,American tire safeguard case(Refers to the United States international trade commission on 29 June 2009 recommendations,On China's lost beauty passenger car and light truck tires for three consecutive years imposing a 55% respectively/45% and 35% of the AD valorem special tariffs,Deadline for three years left,The move to domestic tire export enterprises to form the good has not appeared,On November 1, the European Union tyre label method and come into effect,To become a domestic tire industry haze.