国际贸易 索赔的范围

International trade The scope of the claims

　　1.金钱的索赔

1. Money claim

　　1)拒付价款

1)Protest price

　　例如:因品质不佳，迟延装船，而拒付。

Such as: due to poor quality,Delayed shipment,And protest.

　　2)要求减价或折价

2)Ask for a reduction or discount

　　例如:因品质不佳，迟延装船，而要求减价或折价。

Such as: due to poor quality,Delayed shipment,And ask for a reduction or discount.

　　3)要求赔偿损失

3)Claim damages

　　a.买方索赔:例如卖方迟延装货，致买方工厂停工而发生的损失。

A. the buyer claim: such as the seller delay loading,The buyer's plant shutdown and produce loss.

　　b.卖方索赔:例如买方不开或迟开信用状，或开发不常的信用状。

B. the seller claim: such as the buyer does not open or late open letter of credit,Or development don't often letter of credit.

　　2.非金钱的索赔　　1)拒收货品并要求退还货款

2. Not money claim 1)Rejected goods and ask for a refund of the payment for goods

　　同时若因而影响工厂停工或因需另补进货物而发生损失，则这种附带损失也可一并向卖方索赔。

At the same time if therefore affect plant shutdown or for additional covering goods and the loss occurs,The incidental loss also can claim against the seller together.

　　2)掉换货物

2)Exchange goods

　　若货物不符契约规定，即可一方面拒收货物，他方面要求卖方因另行补运合手契约的货物。

Not if the goods under the contract,Then, on the one hand, the rejection of the goods,He demand for the seller shall be separately for shipping together hand contract goods.

　　3)补交

3)fill

　　卖方短交时可要求其补交。卖方短交时可要求其补交。

The seller short delivery can ask its fill.The seller short delivery can ask its fill.

　　4)修护

4)repair

　　通常要求修护的情形，以机器类居多。如故障或损坏可经修护而恢复的，经修护后，买方往往仍可要求卖方给予若干的赔款。

Usually require repair situation,With the machine in class.If breakdown or damage by repair and recovery,After the repair,The buyer demands of the seller often still can give a certain amount of loss.

　　5)要求覆约

5)Requirements covering about

　　即卖方或买方要求对方按照契约条件覆行之意。例如对于不交运契约货物时，买方要求卖方照约交运。又如买方迟迟不开发信用状时，卖方要求买方依约开发信用状。

That the seller or the buyer requests each other according to the conditions of contract covering the meaning of line.Such as not to close the contract goods,The buyer demands of the seller as about delivery.And as the buyer has not development when credit,It is required by the seller in accordance with the buyer about development of credit.

　　6)取消契约或取消契约余额

6)Cancel the contract or cancel the contract balance

　　前者为要求取消全部契约，后者为要求取消未装运或未覆行部分的契约。

The former to cancel all contract requirements,The latter for requirement cancel any shipment or not overlap line part of the contract.

　　7)道德制裁

7)Moral sanction

　　例如拒绝往来、通报同业、请贸易主管当局列入黑名单

Such as refused to current/Bulletin trade/Please trade authorities on the black list (blacklist