粮食安全问题再次触动了社会的敏感神经。

The food security problem again touches the social sensitive nerve.

　　1月29日，国务院发展研究中心副主任韩俊表示，我国粮食自给率已经跌破90%，如果按一个人一年吃800斤粮食计算，去年的进口粮相当于养活了1.9亿中国人。而此前据《人民日报》称，我国的粮食自给率仍稳定在95%以上。

On January 29,,The state council development research center, deputy director of the HanJun said,Its self-sufficiency rate of grain in China has been below 90%,If according to a person for a year to eat 800 jins grain calculation,Last year's import food to feed the equivalent of 190 million Chinese people.According to the[People's Daily]says,China's grain degree of self sufficiency remains steady at 95%.

　　就在1月30日，商务部对外贸易司负责人就2012年我国大米进口量创历史新高是否将带动国际米价上涨的问题接受记者采访时表示，我国国产大米自给率超过98%，包括大米在内的口粮供应安全无虞，去年进口增加主因是国内外价差增大，但我国大米进口量占全球贸易总量比例仅6%左右，净进口量占比仅为5%左右，难以推高全球粮价。

On January 30,,The ministry of commerce official of the department of foreign trade is in 2012, a record of rice imports will drive the international prices rising when accepting a reporter to interview said,More than 98% of the domestic rice in China,Including rice, the ration supply was safe,This is largely due to increase imports last year the price increase at home and abroad,But China's rice imports accounted for only 6% of total world trade proportion around,Net imports accounted for only 5% than,Difficult to push up global food prices.

　　中国的粮食自给率究竟有多少？《每日经济新闻》记者在调查中发现，粮食自给率数据不同源于粮食统计口径不同，其中至少有两种不同的统计口径。不过，我国粮食进口剧增却是事实。中央农村工作领导小组副组长陈锡文日前表示，2012年是我国历史上粮食进口最多的一年，这需要引起高度重视。

China's grain of how much?[Daily economic news]Reporter in the survey found,Its self-sufficiency rate of grain data from different food statistical caliber different,At least two different statistical caliber.but,China's grain import excursion is true.The central rural work leading group deputy leader Chen has said,2012 is the history of our country food imports most of the year,This requires attention.

　　三类主粮进口未破红线

Three kinds of staple food import failed to break the red line

　　韩俊表示，过去9年，国家粮食产量已经实现了九连增，这是一个了不起的奇迹。“尽管如此，国家粮食供求总量仍是趋紧的，而且结构性矛盾越来越突出。”

HanJun said,The past nine years,National food production has achieved nine even increased,This is a great miracle."Even so,National grain supply and demand amount is still the tightening,And structural contradictions are becoming more and more outstanding."

　　海关总署21日发布的数据显示，2012年我国粮食(包括谷物、大豆等)进口量总计8025万吨，进口额421.4亿美元，同比增幅超过25%。以2012年我国全年粮食产量约5.9亿吨来计算，进口量占粮食总产量的比重接近14%。

The general administration of customs statistics released 21,In 2012, China's grain(Including grain/Soybean and)A total of 80.25 million tons of imports,Imports of $42.14 billion,The year-on-year growth rate of more than 25%.In 2012, the food production in China about 590 million tons to calculate,Imports accounted for the proportion of total grain output close to 14%.

　　保证粮食安全一直以来都是我国的重要政策。2008年7月，国务院常务会议通过的《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要》提出，将中国粮食自给率稳定在95%以上。农业部也多次表示，中国要保持粮食基本自给的目标。

Ensure food security has always been an important policy in China.In July 2008,The state council meeting of the standing by[The national food security plan for medium and long term]Put forward,Will China its self-sufficiency rate of grain stability in more than 95%.The ministry of agriculture also said many times,In order to keep the goal of food self-sufficiency.

　　此前，农业部总经济师毕美家表示，玉米、小麦、大米这三种粮食的进口量占国内生产量的比重不足2%，我们完全有能力确保国家粮食安全，实现粮食总量基本平衡。《人民日报》也对粮食自给率“破红线”提出反驳，称我国主要粮食自给率仍稳定在95%以上。

after,The ministry of agriculture total economist said the beautiful finish,corn/wheat/The three grain of rice imports accounted for the proportion of domestic production less than 2%,We have ability to ensure national food security,To realize the basic balance the total amount of food.[People's Daily]Also to its self-sufficiency rate of grain"Broken red line"contest,The main says its self-sufficiency rate of grain remains steady at 95%.

　　自给率数据不同，主要的原因在于统计口径有别。中国社科院农村发展研究所研究员李国祥在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时说，各机构说法之所以差距较大，是因为一般对粮食的定义主要是谷物概念，而中国的统计口径是指谷物、薯类和豆类这三大类。近几年大豆进口飙升，去年达5800多万吨，这一项进口就占粮食产量的近10%。

Of the different data,The main reason lies in the different statistical caliber.By the Chinese academy of social sciences researcher at the institute of rural development LiGuoXiang in accepting[Daily economic news]reporters,The agency said the large gap,Because the general definition of food is mainly grain concept,While China's statistical caliber is refers to the grain/These three categories of potato and beans.In recent years the soybean import surge,Last year more than 5800 tons,This is a import accounted for nearly 10% of the food production.

　　李国祥认为，进口大豆对粮食安全会有一定影响。表面上我们只是吃大豆中15%的油，而85%的豆粕是作饲料，这些也都是优质蛋白。粮食的自给率不是衡量粮食安全的唯一指标，国家的粮食安全一方面是生产能力，另一方面也包含进口能力，对此我国的外汇储备能构成比较坚实的支撑。当然，必须要保证特殊情况下也能够买到足够的进口粮食，从这一点考虑，粮食自给率下降的确会给粮食安全带来隐患，因此政策可以作出相应的明确，比如说小麦、水稻、玉米等口粮的自给率不能低于95%。

LiGuoXiang think,Import soybean on food safety will have certain influence.On the surface we just eat soy 15% of oil,While 85% of soybean meal is for fodder,These are all high quality protein.The food of the measure of food security is not the only index,National food security on the one hand is the production capacity,On the other hand also includes import ability,To China's foreign currency reserves can constitute is solid support.Of course,Must ensure that special circumstances can also buy enough to import food,From this consideration,Do drop its self-sufficiency rate of grain for food safety brought hidden trouble,Therefore policy can make corresponding clear,Such as wheat/rice/Corn grain ration of the degree of self sufficiency can't less than 95%.

　　需吸取大豆产业教训

Need to learn lessons soybean industry

　　卓创资讯农产品分析师孙光梅在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示，由于近年进口粮食数量增长、国内浪费现象严重等问题叠加，使得自给率问题也越发敏感。

Zhuo and agricultural information SunGuangMei analysts in accept[Daily economic news]A reporter to interview said,Due to the recent increase in the number of imported food/Domestic problems such as serious waste of superposition,That problem of the more sensitive.

　　我国三大主粮小麦、玉米和水稻进口增幅的急剧扩大也令人担忧。在2012年我国进口的2187万吨谷物和薯类中，玉米进口量达521万吨，增幅为197%；小麦进口368.86万吨，增长195.37%；大米进口232万吨，增长305%，这还没有算上总量据估计为40万~50万吨的走私大米。

Three major staple food wheat in China/Corn and rice import growth widened sharply also worrying.In 2012, China imported 21.87 million tons of grain and potato,Corn imports amounted to 5.21 million tons,Growth was 197%;Wheat imported 3.6886 million tons,Growth of 195.37%;2.32 million tons of rice imports,Growth of 305%,It is not counted in the total amount estimates for 400000 ~ 500000 tons of smuggled rice.

　　对此东方艾格农业咨询公司分析师马文峰认为，2012年粮食进口量激增不是因为供给存在问题，而是国内外价差较大，导致国际市场上的粮食大量涌入中国。按当前价格来看，2013年主要粮食品种的进口量还会保持比较高的水平。

This Oriental etam agricultural consulting company MaWenFeng analysts think,2012 food imports surge not because supply problems,But the bigger price at home and abroad,Lead to the international market of food into China.According to the current price to see,In 2013, the main varieties of food imports will remain relatively high level.

　　进口粮食的大量增长对国内确实可能产生实际的影响。以大米为例，去年越南、印度等国低价大米已进入部分南方粮食主产区，这直接影响到南方粮食加工企业对秋粮的收购，在种植成本上升粮价下跌的情况下，农民种粮的积极性进一步受到影响，这或将导致今年春播面积的下降。而粮食种植面积下降反过来又进一步增大进口，最后会形成恶性循环。大豆就曾是这方面的代表，近年来，转基因大豆进口的大量增长，让我国天然大豆种植面积日渐萎缩。目前我国对国际大豆市场的依存度达到80%，大豆话语权的旁落直接影响了我国对食用油市场的调控，另外国际市场大豆价格的剧烈波动也多次造成我国大豆压榨行业集体亏损。

A large number of imported grain growth in domestic is indeed likely to have a real impact.With rice as an example,Vietnam last year/The countries such as India low rice has already entered the south part of the major grain producing areas,It directly affects the southern food processing enterprises to buy grain prices,The rise in the cost of planting in food prices fall,The enthusiasm of farmers' grain further affected,This will lead to decline this year spring area.The grain planting area reduction in turn further increase import,Finally can form a vicious circle.Soybean has is the representative,In recent years,Transgenic soybean import a lot of growth,Let our country natural soybean planting area is shrinking.At present our country to the international soybean market dependence reached 80%,Soybean discourse power in our country has a direct effect on the slip for edible oil market regulation,In addition the international market soybean highly volatile prices also caused many times in soybean crushing industry collective loss.

　　中国大豆产业协会副会长刘登高告诉《每日经济新闻》记者，“如果不从国际国内产业安全、食品安全、就业安全、国家安全的角度去看待去总结去认识大豆产业的问题，不仅大豆产业问题解决不了，玉米等其他农作物也可能重蹈大豆的覆辙。”

China's soybean industry association vice President liu ascent to tell[Daily economic news]reporter,"If not from international and domestic industrial security/Food safety/Employment security/National security point of view to look at to summarize to know the problem of soybean industry,Not only the soybean industry problem cannot be solved,Corn and other crops may repeat mistakes of the soybean."