张汉东

Zhang Handong

　　世贸组织就欧盟诉中国X射线安检设备反倾销措施争端案作出的裁决，是该组织近期作出的第二起不利于中国贸易救济措施的裁决。

The world trade organization (wto) is the eu anti-dumping measures v. China X-ray security screening equipment dispute case to make a decision,Is the organization in the near future to make the second ruling against China's trade remedy measures.

　　1995年至2012年，我国在WTO争端解决机制中起诉11起，被诉30起，作为第三方参与91起。从统计来看，诉讼发起方胜诉多于被诉方。因而，在普通人的心目中，中国是国际贸易保护的受害者，但是在本案中似乎成了一个加害者？世贸组织的裁决与国民的感受和期望形成较大反差。

From 1995 to 2012,Our country prosecute 11 in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism,The alleged 30,As a third party to participate in 91.From the statistics,Sponsors of litigation is won over by the prosecution.thus,In the minds of ordinary people,China is the victim of the international trade protection,But in this case seems to be a perpetrators?The wto's ruling and national feelings and expectations to form larger contrast.

　　解答这个问题要从WTO体制及我国的入世谈判说起。WTO体制是以规则为导向的法律体制。衡量WTO成员之间案件成败的标志，除涉案贸易利益得失之外，更为重要的，在于能否说服专家组和上诉机构在规则澄清和解释方面做出有利于自己的解释。

Answer this question to speak of from the WTO negotiations of WTO system and our country.The WTO system is based on rules as the guidance of the legal system.To measure the success or failure of the case between the WTO members sign,In addition to the trade interests of the gain and loss involved,More important,,Lies in the ability to persuade the panel and appellate body in clarification and interpretation make favourable interpretation rules.

　　在中国入世谈判时的特定条件下，作为一种妥协和让步，中国从大局出发接受了一些 “特殊条款”，这些条款或增加了中国的义务，或减损了中国的权利，后者主要体现为对华反倾销、反补贴和特保措施。这是西方国家不承认中国市场经济地位，在反倾销案件中使用替代国办法，以及对中国产品实施特别保障措施的法理来源。

In China's wto accession negotiations in certain conditions,As a kind of compromise and concessions,China accepted some from the big picture "Special terms and conditions",These terms and conditions or increased China's obligation,Or impairment of the rights of China,The latter is mainly embodied in anti-dumping/Countervailing and safeguard measures.This is the western countries do not recognize China's market economy status,Using country in anti-dumping cases,As well as the legal source of the special safeguard measures on Chinese goods.

　　因此，中方在相关诉讼时常处于被动地位。一些明显带有保护主义色彩的案件被诉诸WTO后， 专家组和上诉机构只能以涉案规则本身为基础，严格地“依法判案”。而在欧美起诉中国的案件中，适用的是WTO的一般规则，中方败诉的风险要明显加大。

so,China in related lawsuits are often in a passive position.Some obvious protectionist case by resorting to the WTO, The panel and the appellate body can only be based on the rules involved itself,strictly"Act in accordance with the law".And in Europe and the United States against China's case,Is the WTO's general rules shall apply,China against the risk of increased significantly.

　　随着中国和世界各国贸易关系不断深入发展，贸易摩擦不可避免。特殊条款终将成为历史，贸易争端及败诉也并不可怕，关键是在实践中我们能不能学习和深刻理解规则。

With the in-depth development of trade relations with China and around the world,Trade friction is inevitable.Special terms and conditions will be a thing of the past,Trade disputes, and lose is not terrible, too,The key is, in practice we can learn and understand the rules.

　　一方面，要尊重规则，积极完善市场经济体制，用WTO规则约束规范自己的行为。比如，应积极转变政府职能，运用符合国际惯例的手段来调控经济；推进国内市场开放，提高政策的透明度；及时主动推进金融自由化改革和汇率机制市场化、弹性化；加强知识产权制度建设，维护公平竞争的环境等。

On the one hand,To respect the rules,Actively improve the market economic system,Regulate their own behavior constraints by WTO rules.Such as the,Should positively transform government functions,Use in accordance with international practice means to regulate the economy;Push open the domestic market,Improve the transparency of policy;Timely and actively promote the reform of financial liberalization and marketization of exchange rate mechanism/d.;To strengthen the construction of the intellectual property system,Maintain the environment of fair competition, etc.

　　另一方面，要善用规则，合理运用国际规则维护自身权益，积极参与规则制定和全球经济治理。要尽早在主要贸易伙伴国家获得市场经济地位待遇；要求欧美等西方国家在反倾销案件裁决中取消替代国做法，按照我国国内价格确定产品的正常价格，并对涉案企业采取实事求是、单独对待的做法。

On the other hand,To make use of rules,Reasonable to use international rules to maintain their own rights and interests,Actively participate in the rule-making and global economic governance.To in the main trade partner countries get market economy status as soon as possible treatment;For Europe and the United States and other western countries eliminate country practices in the anti-dumping case verdict,According to our domestic prices to determine the normal price of the product,And for the enterprise to seek truth from facts involved/Treat it separately.

　　（作者为浙江省商务研究院院长）

(The author for zhejiang business research institute)