经历2012年的低速增长后，进入2013年，中国外贸的增长轨迹再度牵动人心。

After 2012 years of slow growth,Enter 2013,CHINA's foreign trade growth trajectory stired up again.

　　1月10日，海关总署发布2012年外贸数据：全年中国进出口总值38667.6亿美元，同比增长6.2%。其中，出口增长7.9%，进口增长4.3%，未完成年初确定的“保十”目标。随后国家统计局公布的宏观数据进一步表明，净出口对全年GDP的贡献率为负数，中国经济增长曾经的重要推动力，如今开始拖宏观经济的增速后腿。

On January 10,,General administration of customs release data of foreign trade in 2012:CHINA's import and export gross $3.86676 trillion all the year round,Up 6.2% The From a year earlier.Among them,Export growth of 7.9%,Imports rose 4.3%,At the beginning of unfinished"Keep ten"The target.Then further macro data released by the national bureau of statistics show that,Contribution of net exports to GDP is negative,CHINA's economic growth has an important driving force,Hind legs are now pulling the macroeconomic growth.

　　近日，东部沿海各省的地方“两会”陆续召开，据《财经》记者了解，部分省市准备调低2013年经济增长目标，因为2012年沿海大部分省市外贸增长低于预期。

In recent days,The eastern coastal provinces"The two sessions"Held in succession,According to the[Finance and economics]Journalists understand,Some provinces and cities to lower economic growth target for 2013,Because most of the 2012 coastal provinces and cities of CHINA's foreign trade growth lower than expected.

　　事实上，2012年中国外贸所面临的现实困难，已超出了数据所能反映的情况，利润下滑、融资无门，中国外贸企业的整体发展碰到了诸多困难。

In fact,,The reality of the difficulties faced by CHINA's foreign trade in 2012,Is beyond the data can reflect the situation,Falling profits/Financing slam shut,The overall development of CHINA's foreign trade enterprises met with many difficulties.

　　相关分析表明，2012年中国外贸企业之所以出口遇阻，周期性因素影响是一方面，但更重要的是结构性因素影响，这使得未来一段时间，中国外贸出口将保持中速增长。如何实现外贸中速转型，不可不早为之计。

Correlation analysis showed that,In 2012 CHINA's foreign trade enterprise export is blocked,Cyclical factors influence is on the other hand,But more important structural factors,This makes the future a period of time,CHINA's foreign trade exports will keep growth at a moderate speed.How to realize the medium speed transformation of foreign trade,You have meter for it earlier.

　　外贸新时艰

New difficulties of foreign trade

　　临近2013年春节，浙江省义乌市百万平方米的小商品国际商贸城与篁园服装市场内，熙来攘往，人头攒动，不少店家已收到2月6日至20日春节期间关门休市的通知。“希望能够赶在休市之前，多做几单生意，尽快卖掉圣诞季积压的库存。”一家出售饰品等日用百货的店主对《财经》记者说。

Near the Spring Festival of 2013,Zhejiang yiwu international trade city and in millions of square meters of small garden in the clothing market,Rolled out,crowded,Many stores have received on February 6 to 20 closed during the Spring Festival holiday notice."Hope to be able to catch before holiday,To do more business,Sell Christmas season the backlog of inventory as soon as possible."A shop owner to sell jewelry and other general merchandise[Finance and economics]reporters.

　　一直以来，义乌小商品批发市场被视为外贸的一个重要晴雨表和风向标，刚刚结束的圣诞季订货与成交情况，通常预示着一季度乃至今年出口可能的走势，同时也是观察外需变化最好的窗口。

Has always been,Yiwu small commodity wholesale market is regarded as foreign trade is an important barometer and an indicator,Just the end of the Christmas season orders clinch a deal with the situation,Usually and exports this year may herald a quarter,At the same time is also observed changes in external demand the best window.

　　义乌海关最新发布的数据显示，2012年11月，义乌实现外贸进出口总值16.8亿美元，同比增长3.9倍。然而商贸城内一家经营艺术品画框的店主对《财经》记者表示，实际销售情况与数据相差甚远，2012年四季度销售情况不如往年，至于统计数据的快速增长，可能是最近实施的“市场采购”贸易政策，使之前不少需要从宁波、上海出口的货物可以直接从义乌出口。“事实上，商铺的总销售额并没有多少增长。”店主说。

Yiwu customs released the latest figures show,In November 2012,Yiwu foreign trade import and export gross of $1.68 billion,Year-on-year growth of 3.9 times.However commercial and trade city of a management art frame owner[Finance and economics]reporters,Actual sales and the data is far,Sales in the fourth quarter of 2012 than in previous years,As for the rapid growth of the statistics,May be implemented recently"The market to purchase"Trade policy,Make before many need The From ningbo/Shanghai export goods can be directly exported The From yiwu."In fact,,Shops didn't how much the total sales growth."The shopkeeper said.

　　在国际商贸城中的数千家商铺里，鲜有商铺能够达到同比增长“3.9倍”这一平均数字。相反，因为生意不好做，商贸城中饰品、服装、玩具、小电器等商品打折促销力度都不小，外贸出口高峰期已经基本结束，年前各商铺都在打折降价，处理存货，尽可能多地回笼现金。

In the thousands of shops in the international trade city,Few shops can achieve year-on-year growth"3.9 times"The average number.instead,Because business is not good,Trade city in the act the role ofing is tasted/clothing/The toy/Small electrical appliances product discounts promotions are not small,Export boom has been largely ended,Years ago all the stores are in discount price,Deal with inventory,Withdrawal of cash as much as possible.

　　温州中小企业发展促进会会长周德文对《财经》记者表示，现在外贸的增长是“数字的增长”，实体经济形势依然在恶化。就其所接触到的义乌、温州企业而言，去年外贸企业订单整体上有所减少，四季度企业经营状况非但没有改善，所遇到的困难相比往年而言更为严重。义乌、温州两地，厂房与商铺租金都已出现下滑，最具代表性的义乌国际商贸城店铺租金价(1578.40,3.50,0.22%)格已经下降了20%-30%。“外贸企业已经到了最危急的关头。”周德文说。

Wenzhou zhou dewen, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises promotion association[Finance and economics]reporters,The growth of foreign trade is now"The growth of the number",Real economic situation is still deteriorating.With respect to its exposure to yiwu/Companies in wenzhou,Last order there was a decrease in the overall foreign trade enterprises,In the fourth quarter instead of improvement in enterprise management,Difficulties encountered by more severe than usual.yiwu/Wenzhou two places,Factories and shops rent has been declined,The most representative of yiwu international trade city store rent price(1578.40,3.50,0.22%)Has decreased by 20% to 20%."Foreign trade enterprise has reached the critical juncture."His said.

　　义乌与温州企业所遇到的困难，正是东部外贸企业境况的缩影。据商务部统计，2012年中国东部地区出口增长仅5%，其中主要的出口大省，如广东、江苏、浙江、山东出口分别增长了7.9%、5.1%、3.8%和2.4%，除广东与全国外贸出口增速持平外，其他三省均低于这一水平。

The difficulties of yiwu and wenzhou enterprises,It is the epitome of the situation of foreign trade enterprises in the east.According to the ministry of commerce,In eastern CHINA's export growth is only 5% in 2012,The main export big province,Such as guangdong/jiangsu/zhejiang/Shandong exports increased by 7.9%, respectively/5.1%/3.8% and 2.4%,In addition to the guangdong and the national foreign trade export growth levels,The other three provinces are below that level.

　　相同的故事还发生在中西部。以广西崇左市为例，当地中国边境出入境口岸一位不愿具名的官员对《财经》记者表示，仅以所在口岸过境的车流量统计，2012年出入关的车次减少了将近三分之一，受季节以及节假日等因素影响，原本应当在四季度增加的过境车流量，与三季度相比基本持平。

The same story also happen in the Midwest.In order to congzuo city of guangxi as an example,Chinese border ports of entry and exit a local officials have declined to be named[Finance and economics]reporters,Only in port of transit traffic statistics,In 2012, enter train journeys by nearly a third,Affected by the seasons and holidays,Originally should be increased in the fourth quarter of the transit traffic,Compared with the third quarter were little changed.

　　边境贸易下滑给崇左市企业带来不小影响，崇左市西南部的宁明、龙州、大新、凭祥四县市与越南接壤，利用沿边、沿渤海湾的优势，崇左市事实上已成为中国广东、浙江、四川、重庆等省市与越南、泰国、柬埔寨等东盟国家商品贸易的集散地。在凭祥市的弄尧，冗长的街道两侧分布着上千家专门从事边境贸易的门脸商铺，各家商铺的货架上摆满了五金机电、仪器仪表、音响设备等日用百货的样品。

Border trade down to congzuo city enterprise not small impact,Ningming congzuo city in the southwest/longzhou/Dah sing/Pingxiang four counties bordering on Vietnam,Use of border/Along the bohai bay,Congzuo city in fact has become the CHINA guangdong/zhejiang/sichuan/Chongqing and other provinces and cities with Vietnam/Thailand/The association of southeast Asian nations (asean) countries such as Cambodia distributing center of goods trade.In PingXiangShi yao,Long street on both sides of the distribution of the front shops with thousand specializes in border trade,Each store shelves filled up with hardware mechanical and electrical/Instruments and meters/The sample of the audio equipment and other general merchandise.

　　2012年下半年，弄尧的商户们普遍感受到经营困难，上述中国边境出入境口岸官员介绍说，受“南海问题”等外交和政治层面的影响，越南一定程度上在抵制中国货。越南海关在边境对人力肩背或者手推车运送货物的方式加大查堵力度，这给主要依靠传统方式进出口货物的弄尧商铺以及边民互市点，造成了很大的损失。 

In the second half of 2012,Traders generally feel struggling to get yao,The Chinese official said border entry and exit ports,By the"The south China sea issue"Such as diplomatic and political level,Vietnam to a certain extent in the boycott.Vietnam customs at the border of human shoulder or trolley ZhaDu harder to transport goods,It got rely mainly on traditional way import and export goods of yao shops and counter-trade points,Caused great damage. 

　　通常情况下，由于单笔贸易数额太小，这部分贸易并不计入海关统计数字，使得其损失难以在宏观统计数据中反映出来。据《财经》记者向南宁海关了解，2012年广西进出口总值294.7亿美元，增长26.2%，增速居全国第六位，同时海关总署数据显示，2012年中国对越南出口同比增长17.6%，进口同比增长46%，远远高于中国外贸进出口的整体增速。

Is often the case,Due to the single trade amount is too small,This part of the trade is not included in the customs statistics,Makes it hard for their losses reflected in the macro statistics.According to the[Finance and economics]The nanning customs know,Guangxi import and export $29.47 billion in 2012,Growth of 26.2%,Growth is the sixth in the nation,At the same time, the general administration of customs data show,Chinese exports rose 17.6% year-on-year to Vietnam in 2012,Imports grew by 46% year on year,Far higher than the overall growth of CHINA's foreign trade import and export.

　　这部分损失如何消化？弄尧当地店主表示，2012年营业额下滑虽然很快，但利润并不至降为负数，原因在于这里的外贸出口企业多为纯贸易型企业，生产厂家多在外省，因此企业库存不多。2012年营业额下滑，但只要减少进货，尚可维持，“小家电多来自于沿海厂商，小五金来自于江浙，服装来源分布较广，当然其中不乏来自义乌的商品”，边境出口下滑，实际受损的是中国外贸链条上的所有企业。

This part of the loss how to digest?Yao local shopkeepers said,2012 although turnover fell quickly,But not to drop a negative profit,The reason is that the foreign trade enterprise for more pure trade type enterprise,Manufacturers The From other provinces in more,So few business inventories.Decline in turnover in 2012,But as long as the stock reduction,Can be maintained,"Small home appliance The From coastal manufacturers,Hardware The From ted,Clothing has a wide distribution sources,Of course some of them come The From yiwu of goods",Decline in exports border,Actual damage to CHINA's foreign trade chain of all enterprises.

　　崇左的故事并非孤例，进入2012年四季度，中国外贸企业经营困难带有某种普遍性。国家外汇管理局国际收支司负责人表示，外汇管理局进出口企业景气状况问卷调查反映出的情况显示，“四季度宏观数据比较乐观，但是微观企业整体的经营状况遇冷。”

Chung's story is not left alone,In the fourth quarter of 2012,CHINA's foreign trade enterprise management difficulties with a certain universality.The state administration of foreign exchange said, head of the international payments department,Administration of foreign exchange, import and export enterprises reflect the market questionnaire,"In the fourth quarter of macro data more optimistic,But the micro enterprise's overall operating performance."

　　根据进出口企业景气状况问卷调查对全国1000余家大中小型外贸企业的跟踪调查，2012年四季度出口景气指数下滑至47.3，比三季度下降0.8，处于2010年以来的次低水平。

Import and export enterprises according to market survey of more than 1000 national big small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to track investigation,In the fourth quarter of 2012 export sentiment index fell to 47.3,0.8 lower than in the third quarter,In a time of low level since 2010.

　　外贸企业的利润亦因此受到影响。调查显示，2012年四季度出口规模在2000万美元以上的大型企业出口利润率为2.71%，比三季度仅上升0.97个百分点；出口规模在500万美元到2000万美元的中型企业以及500万美元以下的小型企业出口利润率则分别为-5.3%和-21%，亏损持续扩大。此外，分行业数据显示，四季度36个行业中，25个行业保持盈利，比上季度减少两个，其中饮料制造业亏损幅度最大。

Foreign trade enterprise profit is so affected.According to the survey,In the fourth quarter of 2012 at more than $20 million of large scale enterprises export profit margins of 2.71%,Than rose only 0.97% in the third quarter;Exports The From $5 million to $5 million of medium-sized enterprises and small enterprises to export less than $5 million profit margins of 5.3% and 21% respectively,Loss of widening.In addition,Divisions according to data,In the fourth quarter of 36 industries,25 industries remain profitable,Reduce than last quarter two,The biggest beverage manufacturing industry losses.

　　上述外汇管理局国际收支司负责人表示，依据对企业的调查结果，预计2013年一季度外贸出口形势仍不乐观。

The administration of foreign exchange said, head of the international payments department,According to survey results to the enterprise,Is expected in the first quarter of 2013 export situation is still not optimistic.

　　中速常态化

Medium speed normalized

　　在外部需求和内部成本等因素推动下，中国外贸高速增长时代在2012年渐行渐远。

In external demand and internal factors such as cost driven,Era of rapid growth of CHINA's foreign trade away in 2012.

　　《财经》记者采访的多位外贸资深人士表示，中国外贸企业遭遇的周期性因素影响是一方面，更重要的是结构性因素影响，未来一段时间，中国外贸出口都将保持中速增长。

[Finance and economics]Reporter interviewed a number of senior experts in foreign trade,CHINA's foreign trade enterprises encounter cyclical factors influence is on the other hand,What is more important structural factors,The future for a period of time,CHINA's foreign trade exports will keep growth at a moderate speed.

　　国家发改委学术委员会秘书长张燕生对《财经》记者表示，中国外贸已经进入中长期的深度结构调整，即使今年外需有所改善，个位数的外贸增长依然会维持一个很长的阶段。

The national development and reform commission Zhang Yansheng on, secretary general of the academic committee[Finance and economics]reporters,Structural adjustment of CHINA's foreign trade has entered into the depth of the medium and long term,Even if the external demand improved this year,Single-digit growth of foreign trade will continue to maintain a long stage.

　　根据商务部1月10日发布的数据，2012年12月中国外贸进出口总值3668.4亿美元，同比增长10.2%。其中，出口增长14.1%，数倍于2012年11月2.9%的增速。

According to the ministry of commerce figures released on January 10,In December of 2012, CHINA's foreign trade import and export gross of $366.84 billion,Up 10.2% The From a year earlier.Among them,Export growth of 14.1%,Many times the 2.9% growth in November 2012.

　　接下来，业界普遍关心的问题是，出口与进口的反弹能否持续。在国家信息中心首席经济学家范建平看来，2013年外贸情况可能会略有改善，但经济回升的幅度将及其有限，这与2009年中国经济与外贸的V型反转不同。

The following,The industry is widely concern about the problem,Exports and imports the rally can be sustained.It seems to fan jianping, chief economist at the state information center,Foreign trade situation in 2013 might be slightly improved,But the extent of economic recovery and its co., LTD,This has to do with the v-shaped reversal of CHINA's economy and foreign trade in 2009.

　　2009年经济V型复苏取决于两个因素，一是政府一揽子经济刺激计划；另一方面恰恰在于金融危机中，企业非常悲观，工业去库存非常彻底，甚至出现了工业库存的负增长。然而2012年由于企业始终对政府刺激政策抱有期望，工业库存的调整到11月末为止，刚刚出现库存增长速度和工业生产增长速度持平，并没有出现负增长。“如果去库存不彻底，2013年经济反弹与外贸增长都不可能像2009年那样强劲。”范建平说。

In 2009 a v-shaped recovery depends on two factors,One is the government stimulus package;On the other hand is the financial crisis,Business is very pessimistic,Industry to inventory very thorough,There are even inventory of negative growth for the industry.In 2012, however, because the enterprise is always available to the government's stimulus policies have expectations,Industrial inventory adjustments at the end of November,Just appear inventory growth rate and growth in industrial production was flat,Does not appear negative growth."If the inventory is not complete,With foreign trade growth is likely to rebound in 2013 as they did in 2009."Fan jianping said.

　　在2013年1月16日的商务部新闻发布会上，商务部新闻发言人沈丹阳表示，2012年12月外贸增长属于正常波动，一些因素使得12月外贸企业加快了出口的进度，例如到12月31日，2012年四季度的免收法定检验检疫费的优惠措施停止执行，今年1月1日开始执行新的收费标准，所以企业为了充分利用这个优惠措施，要抢运出去。

On January 16, 2013 the ministry of commerce at a news conference,Commerce ministry spokesman Shen Danyang said,In December 2012, belongs to the normal fluctuations of CHINA's foreign trade growth,Some factors make foreign trade enterprises to quicken the pace of the exports in December,For example to December 31,In the fourth quarter of 2012 The From legal inspection quarantine fee of preferential measures to stop the execution,Came into effect on January 1, the new charge standard,So the enterprise in order to make full use of the preferential measures,Out to cr.

　　中国国际经济交流中心秘书长、商务部原副部长魏建国对《财经》记者表示，2012年12月，中国外贸确实出现了不少亮点，一方面政府多项稳外贸政策措施积极作用于实体经济；另一方面贸易环境有所改善，例如物流占GDP比重从21%下降到18%。

Secretary general of the CHINA international economic and exchange center/Former deputy commerce minister wei jianguo said yes[Finance and economics]reporters,In December 2012.,CHINA's foreign trade has found many window,On the one hand, the government more stable foreign trade policy measures of positive effect on the real economy;On the other hand, improve trade environment,Such as logistics as a share of GDP fell The From 21% to 18%.

　　不过他提醒，就此认为中国外贸增速反弹已成长期趋势，还为时过早，预计2013年中国外贸增速可能将维持在8%－10%的水平。 

But he reminded,To think that CHINA's foreign trade growth rebound has growth trend,It is too early to,Is expected in 2013 CHINA's foreign trade growth will maintain at the levels of 8% to 10%. 

　　据悉，海关总署相关人士近期在一次闭门会议上表示，根据中央经济工作会议的精神，2013年GDP预计增长7.4%，进出口贸易预计增长8%，按照8%这一增长目标来测算，2013年外贸规模大约在41700亿美元，在他看来，形势依然非常严峻。

It is understood,Customs officials said recently at a closed-door meeting,According to the spirit of the central economic work conference,GDP is expected to grow 7.4% in 2013,Import and export trade is expected to grow 8%,According to the 8% growth target to measure,Scale of foreign trade at about $2013 in 4.17 trillion,In his opinion,The situation is still very grim.

　　近期中国生产成本的上升以及跨国企业产业链的转移，使得中国加工贸易和劳动密集型产品出口竞争力逐步下降，跨国企业部分生产开始向东南亚国家转移，同时中国企业也在积极通过资本输出、企业走出去变中国出口为亚洲出口、世界出口。“中国制造在构建原产地多元化过程中，甚至可能出现在全球贸易中份额的下降，此前中国外贸的增长模式将发生很大的变化。”张燕生说。

Recent Chinese production costs rise, and multinational enterprises transfer of industry chain,Makes CHINA's processing trade and labor-intensive products export competitiveness decline gradually,Multinational enterprises some production began to transfer to southeast Asian countries,At the same time, through capital exports, Chinese companies are also positive/Companies go out and become CHINA's exports to Asia's exports/Exports to the world."In the process of constructing diversity of origin made in CHINA,May even appear in the fall in the share of global trade,After CHINA's foreign trade growth model will happen very big change."Zhang Yansheng said.

　　在国务院发展研究中心副主任卢中原看来，这一外贸增长模式的转变可称为“静悄悄的革命”。中国经济已进入增长速度放缓的阶段，“十三五”期间这一趋势将表现得更为明显，对于企业，关键是在外贸增长模式转变所带来的中国区域产业布局以及产业链盈利增长点变化中抓住商机。

It seems to Lu Zhongyuan deputy director of the state council development research center,This transformation can be referred to as the foreign trade growth mode"Quiet revolution".CHINA's economy has entered the stage of growth speed slow,"Much starker choices-and graver consequences-in"During this trend will be more obvious,For the enterprise,The key is in the foreign trade growth mode transformation of CHINA's regional industry layout and seize business opportunities in the industrial chain profit growth point changes.

　　对外贸企业而言，真正在外贸出口中实现这一点并非易事。《财经》记者从北京一家从事农业、工业机械进出口的外贸企业了解到，受劳动力价格等生产成本的增加，企业部分型号产品的进货价格已经有所上涨，然而外国采购商所开出的采购价并未变，生产成本的增加，事实上几乎全部要由中国的生产企业以及外贸企业分担。

For foreign trade enterprises,Really do this in the foreign trade export will not be easy.[Finance and economics]Reporter The From Beijing engaged in agriculture/Understand the industry machinery import and export of foreign trade enterprises,The production costs, such as labor costs increase,Some models products of replenish onr's stock price has risen,However, foreign buyers purchase price does not change the terms of,The increased cost of production,In fact almost all be Shared by CHINA's manufacturing enterprises and foreign trade enterprises.

　　按照传统的“自主创新”的药方，外贸及生产企业必须预留大量资金用于研发及产品升级换代，而现在多数中小外贸企业的利润已不足以支持大额的研发开支。

According to the traditional"The independent innovation"A prescription,Foreign trade and production enterprises must set aside large amounts of money for research and development and product upgrading,Now most of the profits of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprise has not enough to support a large research and development spending.

　　上述外贸企业总经理表示，中国企业所消化的生产成本的上涨已经摊薄外贸企业的利润空间。对于中小企业而言，只要能接到单，即使扣减研发、租金、广告等成本，也会尽量接单生产，考虑这些本应计入的成本，企业在财务上可能已经处于负利。这也正是近期中小企业负利水平持续扩大的同时，服装、玩具等七大类劳动密集型产品出口仍然快速增长8.6%的原因所在。

The above said, general manager of foreign trade enterprises,Chinese enterprises to digest the rising cost of production has been diluted by foreign trade enterprises profit space.For small and medium-sized enterprises,As long as I receive,Even if deducting the research and development/The rent/Advertising costs,Also will try to order the production,Consider these should be included in the cost,Enterprise may be at a negative interest financially.This is recent negative level of small and medium-sized enterprises continue to expand at the same time,clothing/Toys and so on seven big kind of labor-intensive products export is still the cause of the rapid growth of 8.6%.

　　虽然贸易量有所增长，但被挤压的利润空间令中小企业很难创新产品，此种情况下，创新商业模式，转变“产业链盈利增长点”成为一些先行企业的选择。

While trade has increased,But squeezed the profit space for small and medium-sized enterprise is hard to innovative products,Such a case,Innovative business model,shift"Industrial profit growth point"The way of the some leading enterprises.

　　据谷歌大中华区中小企业市场部市场总监林立介绍，传统的出口行业产业链利润分布中，国外的渠道商、零售商占去了70%，扣减掉国内的制造商，一般外贸企业的正常利润率在5%－10%；而如果采用电子商务网上销售，15%的成本用于网络营销、10%用于物流、4%用于跨境支付，扣除8%的制造成本，企业利润率可上升至56%。

According to Google, marketing director of greater CHINA small and medium-sized enterprise marketing line is introduced,The traditional export industry chain profit distribution,Overseas distributors/Retailers occupies 70%,Buckle decrease domestic manufacturers,General foreign trade enterprise's normal profit margins The From 5% to 10%;Using e-commerce sales,15% of the cost for network marketing/10% for logistics/4% for cross-border payments,To deduct 8% of the manufacturing cost,Profit margins can be increased to 56%.

　　此外，“Buy from China”这一关键词的搜索量，近年来以50%的速度逐年上涨，这意味着，每年有更多的国外买家希望通过互联网搜索从中国找到供应商。

In addition,"Buy The From CHINA"This keyword searches,In recent years are increasing at the rate of 50%,This means that,Each year there are more foreign buyers hope that through the Internet search to find suppliers The From CHINA.

　　外贸政策之外

Foreign trade policy

　　中国当前的外贸形势不容许企业有幻想，必须积极求变，政府和企业需要共同努力，渡过难关。

CHINA's current situation does not allow foreign trade enterprises have fantasies,Must be a positive change,The government and enterprise need to work together,Ride out the storm.

　　为提振外贸景气，早在2012年9月初，国务院即出台了稳外贸“国八条”，各部委也配套出台了“16条措施”，寄望改变出口滑落颓势。然而，短期的调控政策要想解决中长期的问题仍然有诸多困难。

To boost the foreign trade business,As early as 2012 in early September,Namely, introduced a stable foreign trade under the state council"The eight countries",Ministries are introduced"Article 16 the measures",Hope change exports slide around.however,Short-term regulation policy to solve the problem of medium and long term there are still many difficulties.

　　商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院院长霍建国表示，目前包括融资、信贷等方面，中小企业的整体发展环境非常困难，最近中国外贸出口遇阻，主要问题并不在外贸本身，而是中国的制造业发展环境出了问题，这需要政府以中长期政策加以疏导，切实完善企业经营环境。

The ministry of commerce international trade and economic coorporation of said,At present including financing/Credit, etc.,The whole development of small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) environment is very difficult,Recently, CHINA's foreign trade export is blocked,Main problem is not in foreign trade itself,But CHINA's manufacturing industry development environment out of the question,This needs the government to medium - and long-term policy guidance,To improve the enterprise management environment.

　　不过业界普遍认为，由于中央经济工作会议文件精神依然是稳中求进，出台大幅减税计划以及大幅度降低存款准备金率、利率政策的可能性不高，传统的外贸刺激政策效果有限。

But the industry is generally accepted that,Because of the central economic work conference spirit is still WenZhongQiuJin file,A big tax cuts and greatly reduce the reserve requirement ratio/The possibility of interest rate policy is not high,The traditional stimulus effect of foreign trade co., LTD.

　　近日，中国取消了部分行业出口退税。此外，2012年底，环保部致函13个经济综合部门，建议取消享受出口退税优惠政策的53种“高污染、高环境风险”产品出口退税、停止仍在开展加工贸易的64种“双高”产品加工贸易生产。

In recent days,CHINA cancelled some industry export tax rebates.In addition,At the end of 2012,The ministry sent a letter to 13 comprehensive economic departments,Suggest to cancel enjoy preferential policies of 53 kinds of export tax rebate"High pollution/High environmental risk"Products export tax rebate/Stop still develop processing trade, 64"twin"Products of processing trade production.

　　周德文表示，政府在取消出口退税的同时，应尽快出台配套政策措施，改善中小企业的经营环境。比如最近政府取消了部分金属冶金行业出口退税，这些企业本身的利润率已经微乎其微，大约在1%－3%，取消出口退税，即使有订单，企业也不敢接单了。

Mr Zhou said,The government is to cancel the export tax refund at the same time,Should be on supporting policies and measures as soon as possible,Improve the management environment of small and medium-sized enterprises.Such as recent government cancelled the part of the metal metallurgical industry export tax rebates,The enterprise itself, profit margins are minimal,About 1% to 3%,Cancel the export tax rebate,Even with the order,Companies also can't order.

　　在张燕生看来，未来政策应着力解决好外贸中速增长中，企业最关心的缺工人、缺技术、缺订单的问题。这一系列问题，企业难以依靠自身的力量解决，比如在生产成本不断上涨的情况下，企业要降低成本，提高劳动生产率，很大程度上需要依靠培训，然而企业做了培训，又留不住人，等于将收益转移给别人，因此企业积极性往往不高。这就需要政府，特别是东部地区的地方政府，能够与企业互为补充地做好职业教育与职工培训，提高劳动生产率。

It seems to Zhang Yansheng,Medium growth of foreign trade policy should be solved in the future,Companies most concerned about the lack of workers/Lack of technology/Lack of order.This a series of problems,Enterprise is difficult to rely on own strength to solve,Such as in the case of rising production costs,Enterprise to reduce cost,Increase in labor productivity,Largely depends on the training,However, enterprises do the training,And do not leave,Equal to the gains on to others,So enterprises enthusiasm is often not high.This needs the government,Especially in the east of the local government,Can complement each other to make vocational education with the enterprise and worker training,Increase in labor productivity.

　　推进职业教育等需要中长期的政策规划与措施，解决“缺订单”的问题亦非朝夕之功。《财经》记者采访的多数业内人士表示，短期内解决订单问题的根本办法在于开辟新市场，特别是新兴市场与目前购买力相对旺盛的市场。

Promote vocational education and so on need to medium - and long-term planning policy and measures,To solve"Lack of orders"It is hardly the problem also.[Finance and economics]Reporter interviews the most insiders said,In the short term solution to the fundamental solution to the problem of the order is to open up new markets,Especially in emerging markets and the market purchasing power is relatively strong.

　　新兴经济体虽然发展较快，但是风险更大，因此出口信用保险对企业在防范风险的前提下开拓新市场，助益甚多。出口信用保险公司发展战略部总经理胡正明日前在中国进出口企业第十一届年会上表示，国务院在去年的研究中，已经认识到出口信用保险政策可能是拉动外贸增长最直接的有效手段，当时政府要求出口信用保险公司对短期贸易险的保额不低于2600亿元人民币，而实际上，去年出口信用保险公司共完成短期贸易险2700多亿元，对中小企业拓展新市场起到了促进作用。

The rapid development of emerging economies, though,But the risk is bigger,So the export credit insurance on the premise of preventing risks to the enterprise to develop new markets,Help very much.Export credit insurance company development strategy, managing Hu Zhengming has said in the 11th annual meeting of the CHINA import and export enterprises,In last year's study of the state council,Have realized export credit insurance policy is probably the most direct drive foreign trade growth,When the government asked for short-term export credit insurance company trade insurance coverage of not less than 260 billion yuan,But in fact,Export credit insurance company last year completed short-term trading of more than 2700 one hundred million yuan,For small and medium-sized enterprises played a significant role in developing new market.

　　这些中小企业，能否成为中国外贸中速增长时代新的生力军，人们拭目以待。

These small and medium-sized enterprises,Whether as a new force medium growth era of CHINA's foreign trade,Remains to be seen.