作为我国出口主打商品之一的鞋品，每年的出口量都有着不俗的表现。但是自从我国2001年加入世贸组织后，对外贸易额逐年大幅增长，针对“中国制造”的反倾销、反补贴、技术壁垒等变化多端的贸易摩擦随即应运而生。这些不公正的贸易救济措施和各类贸易壁垒，给我国鞋品出口蒙上了一层浓厚的阴影。

As one of the main Chinese export commodities footwear,Annual exports have sophisticated performance.But since 2001, China's accession to the wto,Foreign trade growth year after year,According to"Made in China"anti-dumping/countervailing/Technical barriers, etc, the variety of trade friction then arises at the historic moment.These unfair trade relief measures and all kinds of trade barriers,For China's footwear export is covered with a layer of strong shadow.

　　我国鞋企在2011年也盼来了一丝喜讯，3月31日欧盟在受到我国鞋企联合向世贸组织控诉的压力后，正式取消对中国鞋品持续征收5年之久的16.5%的高额反倾销税;半年之后，世贸组织正式裁定欧盟对华鞋品出口的高额反倾销税违反世贸原则。但是全球正处于欧债危机和后金融危机的重叠期，市场需求普遍低迷，消费能力依然疲乏。可以预见欧美各国必然将继续对中国鞋品高筑绿色、安全、环保等不合理贸易壁垒。

China shoes enterprises in 2011 also look forward to a good news,On March 31, by the European Union in China shoes enterprises joint to the wto after the pressure of charges,Officially cancel on China's footwear for collection of 5 years 16.5% of the high anti-dumping duties;Half a year later,The world trade organization (wto) a verdict of eu's footwear exports of high antidumping duty violates the wto principles.But the global is in the debt crisis and financial crisis after the overlapping period,The market demand general downturn,Consumption ability still tired.Can see Europe and the United States will inevitably continue to build China's footwear high green/safety/Environmental protection is not reasonable trade barriers.

　　一、我国鞋品出口的现状

a/The present situation of our country footwear exports

　　在我国轻工工艺品出口总额中排名首位，也是我国十大出口产品之一的中国鞋，在国际市场因价低质好，款式适宜，深受各国广大消费者的喜爱，市场份额不断扩大，已达65%左右。据海关部门统计，2010年我国共出口鞋类356亿元，同比增长27%;2011年，我国共出口鞋类产品417.2亿美元，同比增长17.1%;2012年一季度，鞋类出口90.8亿美元，同比增长2.8%。

In our country in the total export arts and crafts in first,China is one of the top ten exports of Chinese shoes,In the international market because of the price inferiority is good,Style suitable for,All countries by the vast number of consumers love,Expanding market share,Has reached 65%.According to customs statistics department,In 2010, a total of 35.6 billion yuan export footwear,Year-on-year growth of 27%;In 2011,,Our country export footwear products were $41.72 billion,Year-on-year growth of 17.1%;In the first quarter of 2012,Footwear export $9.08 billion,Year-on-year growth of 2.8%.

　　但是在我国鞋类出口结构中，具有自主知识产权的高档鞋品占的比例很低，普遍以贴牌生产和大量的中低端产品为主，因而出口1双鞋平均只有2.8美元的利润空间。中国在向全世界分享自身逐渐枯竭的人口红利和生产资料的同时，自身却获益很少。“中国制造”业已进入高成本时代，在国外高筑贸易壁垒的打击下，2011年起我国鞋类出口批次和数量再次显现滞涨苗头，掩藏在华丽数字背后的隐忧正加速浮现。

But in our footwear export structure,With independent intellectual property rights of the high-end footwear the proportion of very low,Common to OEM and a large number of ZhongDiDuan product mainly,Thus export 1 pair of shoes average only 2.8 dollars profit space.China to the world to share their own gradually exhaustion of the population dividend and production data at the same time,But their own little benefit."Made in China"Have been into the high costs and time,In foreign high build trade barriers under the blow,Since 2011, our country footwear export batch and quantity appeared again stagflation symptom,Hidden in the luxuriant digital behind the malaises are accelerated to emerge.

　　二、我国鞋品出口面临的国内外新形势

two/Our country footwear export faces new situation at home and abroad

　　世界鞋类生产商大致分为三类：第一类以中国、越南等国为代表，具有较强竞争优势，在世界鞋业市场上占有很大份额;第二类以美国为代表，本国的制鞋业所剩无几，以品牌输出为主;第三类是以意大利、西班牙等欧洲国家为代表的传统制鞋大国。

The world footwear manufacturers can be divided into three categories:The first kind of in China/Vietnam and other countries as a representative,Has a strong competitive advantage,In the world shoes have a large share in the market;The second type represented by the United States,Their shoes left,With the brand output is given priority to,The third kind is Italian/Spain and other European countries as a representative of traditional shoemaking powers.

　　欧美国家的鞋品由于价格高昂与当前全球经济不景气的形势相抵触，正逐渐丧失国际市场的竞争优势。但是他们又不想放弃制鞋业这块领地，为保护本国产业，频频发布中国鞋进口数量激增的消息，造成该地区制鞋业的集体恐慌。

The European and American countries shoes product because the price is high and the current global economic recession conflict situation,Is losing the competition of the international market advantage.But they don't want to give up shoemaking this territory,To protect domestic industry,Frequently release China shoe imports surge in the number of news,Cause the region shoemaking collective panic.

　　与此同时东盟和拉丁美洲等新兴市场，相对“中国制造” 更具有价廉的优势，同时花费巨大资金加快基础设施的配套，企图在中低端产业领域取代中国的地位，挤占“中国制造”的市场份额。例如，越南已经取代了我国成为耐克全球最大的运动鞋生产基地，部分欧美客商也已开始向印度、越南、孟加拉等较低成本的国家转移订单，“埃及制造”也强势追来。

Meanwhile asean and Latin America and other emerging markets,relative"Made in China" More has the advantage of low price,At the same time spend huge funds to speed up infrastructure supporting,In ZhongDiDuan industry to replace the position of China,occupy"Made in China"Market share.For example,Vietnam has replaced the our country becomes Nike shoes, the world's largest production base,Part of the customers in Europe and America has also started to India/Vietnam/Bangladesh is low cost countries transfer orders,"Egypt manufacturing"Also strong chase to.

　　我国鞋品出口面临的上述国内外新形势，亟需我国外贸研究和决策人员统筹国际国内两个市场，对机遇与挑战并存的复杂局面加以冷静分析，挖掘出影响我国鞋品出口的深层原因。

Our country footwear export faces the new situation at home and abroad,Our country foreign trade need study and decision makers to plan as a whole both international and domestic markets,Opportunities and challenges to the complicated situation to calm analysis,Dig out the effect on our country's footwear exports of deep reasons.

　　(一)国外的新形势

(a)The new situation of the foreign countries

　　1.国际经济大环境不佳，放慢了国际经济的发展步伐，鞋服外贸需求拉动不足，对我国外贸销量造成直接的冲击。当前欧州国家正处于欧债危机升级期，市场需求普遍低迷，消费能力持续疲乏。许多鞋企都反映以前有着正常往来的国外合作伙伴，现在除了交付货值小、周期短、价位低，催货急的订单外，2012年起开始对最低起订量讨价还价，贸易行情着实让相关企业无所适从。

1. The international economic environment is not good,Slow down the pace of development of the international economy,Shoes clothing foreign trade demand shortage,To our country foreign trade sales cause direct impact.The current European countries are in the debt crisis upgrade period,The market demand general downturn,Spending power for fatigue.Many shoes to reflect before normal relations with foreign partners,Now in addition to deliver value small/Cycle short/Price low,Expediting urgent order outside,Since 2012 the minimum order quantity began to bargain,Trade market really made relevant enterprises at loose ends.

　　2.美国通过“对于部分加有纺织材料的橡胶或塑料外底鞋类的解释”，对带有纺织外底的鞋类，在理论上将会继续征收7.5%或12.5%的税率。美国服装和鞋类协会(AAFA)2011年向美国海关与边防保护局(CBP)提交意见，通过了“对于部分加有纺织材料的橡胶或塑料外底鞋类的解释”，要求从2011年12月3日起，如果鞋类外底表面使用的纺织材料超过50%，则判为带有纺织外底的鞋类，在理论上将会继续征收7.5%或12.5%的税率。为了配合这一改变，CBP还制定了新的美国海关税则(HTSUS)附注，确保鞋类制造商无法通过在鞋中加入纺织外底来享受这种低关税规定。

2. The United States through the"For some with a textile material rubber or plastic outsole footwear explanation",With textile outsole of footwear,In the theory of will continue to levy the tax rate of 7.5% or 12.5%.The American apparel &footwear association(AAFA)In 2011 to the U.S. customs and border protection agents(CBP)Submit opinions,Through the"For some with a textile material rubber or plastic outsole footwear explanation",Requirements from December 2011 3 day,If shoes outsole surface use of textile material more than 50%,The convicted for a textile outsole of footwear,In the theory of will continue to levy the tax rate of 7.5% or 12.5%.In order to fit the change,CBP has also made new American customs tariff(HTSUS)note,Ensure footwear manufacturers can't through in sandals join textile outsole to enjoy this kind of low tariff regulations.

　　3.随着我国大力开拓拉丁美洲等新兴市场，尤其是2010年1月1日起，涵盖19亿人口的中国-东盟自由贸易区的正式启动后，为我国鞋品出口开辟了增长点。从海关统计的数字来看，2011年起我国各个口岸对东盟的鞋类出口增长迅速，2012年一季度与东盟贸易额更喜迎9.2%的增长，东盟作为中国第三大贸易伙伴的地位进一步巩固。此外，中国与新兴市场国家贸易增长也保持高位运转，对金砖国出口增长8.8%。

3. With the vigorous development of Latin America and other emerging markets,Especially in January 1, 2010,Covers 1.9 billion population of China - asean free trade area after the launch,For our country's footwear exports opened up a growth point.From the number of customs statistics to see,Since 2011, our country each port to asean's footwear export growth rapidly,In the first quarter of 2012 trade with asean more celebrate 9.2% growth,Asean as China's third largest trading partner status further consolidate.In addition,China and emerging market countries trade growth also remain high operation,For nuggets countries export growth of 8.8%.