作者：贾壮

The author:JiaZhuang

　　10月8日，美国国会众议院情报委员会发表调查报告称，中国华为技术有限公司和中兴通讯股份有限公司对美国国家安全构成威胁，建议阻止这两家企业在美开展投资贸易活动。华为和中兴公司8日相继发表声明，对上述报告予以驳斥。

October 8,The U.S. house of representatives intelligence committee published report said,China's huawei technologies co., LTD. And zte co., LTD. To U.S. national security threat,Suggestions to prevent the two companies in the United States in investment and trade activities.Huawei and zte 8 successive issued a statement,The above report to refute.

　　与中美关于光伏等产业的摩擦不同，华为和中兴在美国遇到的挫折还不至于对各自现有经营状况产生太大影响，2001年华为在美国的销售额为13亿美元，在其全球约324亿美元的总量中占比很小，中兴去年在美国市场的销售额约为4亿美元，主要来自于手机终端，其中只有不到3000万美元来自系统设备。不过，美国是通信设备市场里的“蓝海”，未来增长潜力巨大，华为和中兴都对这个市场寄予厚望，并且进行大量投入，对于目前遭遇到的政治刁难，不应等闲视之。

And the United States, about photovoltaic industry different friction,Huawei and zte encountered setbacks in the United States is not to their existing operating status produce too much influence,2001 years in the United States for sales of $1.3 billion,In its global about $32.4 billion in total than small accounted for,Zte last year in the American market sales of about 400 million dollars,Mainly comes from the cell phone terminal,Of which only less than $30 million from system equipment.but,The United States is communication equipment in the market"Blue ocean",Great potential for future growth,Huawei and zte are on the market expectations,And a large number of investment,For the present encounter political spite,Should not take for granted.

　　美国国会的报告长达52页，但洋洋几万言中却找不到确凿证据支持其建议，行文句式多是“未能提供足够信息解释清楚“或者”未能提供文件让情报委员会信服”。美国国会这种基于未来或有风险对中国企业另眼相看的做法，实在让人怀疑其真正动机。放到中美摩擦的大背景下看待这次事件，其实不难找到背后原因。经济方面，经济危机之后国际贸易保护主义抬头，美国是其中的排头兵，为了保护国内的产业，美国政府近年来出台过多项涉嫌贸易保护的政策，尽管备受诟病，但美国政府仍然我行我素。策略上，单纯强调保护国内市场难以启齿，戴上保护国家安全之类的高帽子就会冠冕堂皇得多。政治方面的原因更好找了，在每次选举中中国议题都会拿出来炒作。如果美国的选举期和失业率高企重叠，结果一定是保护主义盛行。近期美国总统大选进入白热阶段，关于对华政策，共和党候选人罗姆尼又给出很多非常美国化的承诺。另外一个政治方面的因素是意识形态，麦卡锡主义破产已经半个多世纪，但经无聊政客翻搅，其残渣余孽仍会不时浮上水面。对于来自社会主义国家的企业，有些美国政客怀着本能的反感，喜欢一个人不需要任何理由，但讨厌一个人却可以找到很多理由，如果始终以有色眼镜看待中国企业，总是能够拿出排斥的理由。中兴和华为在新兴市场中占据份额较大，其中不乏美国的死敌，“恨屋及乌”，不跟你玩儿了。

The United States congress report for 52,But tens of ocean did not find solid evidence to support its Suggestions,Writing is more sentence patterns"Do not provide sufficient information to explain clearly"or"Do not provide file let intelligence committee convincing".The United States congress this based on future or risk for Chinese companies to the practice of sound,Really make people doubt the real motives.In the background of the friction between China and the United States next look at the event,In fact it is not difficult to find reasons behind.economic,After the economic crisis of international trade protectionism growth,The United States is one of the points,In order to protect domestic industry,The United States government in recent years too much on a suspected of trade protection policy,Although for the,But the United States government still persist one's old ways.strategies,Emphasizing only to protect domestic market so hard to say,Wear to protect national security and so on busby will be much more impressive looking.Political reasons for the better,In every election China issues will be out hype.If the us election period and unemployment high overlap,The result must be a prevailing protectionism.Recently the United States presidential election in incandescent stage,About policy toward China,Republican candidate Mr Romney and given a lot of very americanized commitment.Another political factor is the ideology,McCarthyism bankruptcy has been for more than half a century,But the boring politicians turn puddle,The dregs of the old society still sometimes resurface.For from the socialist state enterprise,Some American politicians with instinctive dislike,Like a person does not need any reason,But hate a person can find a lot of reasons,If always colored glasses look at Chinese enterprises,Can always take out the reason of rejection.Zte and huawei in emerging markets occupy a large share,There is no lack of among them American rivals,"Hate house and black",Not with you playing.

　　改变美国贸易保护主义做法非朝夕之功，中国企业要想继续开拓美国市场，恐怕得加快学习保护主义背景下的生存技巧。首先是在对方的游戏规则下积极行事，中国企业以往遭遇到贸易保护时，多是抱怨对方政府做法，解决问题努力不够，办法也不多。一位国际投行的中国首代曾表示，中国企业很多时候败在不适应对方的游戏规则，用中国的话说就是没有找对人。这个方面，华为和中兴的做法非常积极，先是主动要求美国调查以正视听，再是积极配合对方调查，同时还到美国的K街寻求专业游说机构的帮助，尽管最后结果不尽如人意，但态度和做法已经相当本土化。

Change the American trade protectionism is not the practice this work,Chinese companies want to continue to expand the market,I'm afraid I have to speed up the learning protectionism under the background of survival skills.The first is on the other side of the rules of the game actively act,Chinese enterprises in the past encounter when trade protection,Many complaints each other government practice,To solve the problem don't work hard enough,Way much.An international investment Banks of China's first generation has said,Chinese enterprises many times defeated by not adapt to the other side of the rules of the game,Using the Chinese words is not found the right person.the,Huawei and zte practice very positive,First active demand that the United States survey the truth,Then is actively cooperate with the investigation,At the same time also to the United States K street seek professional help lobby institutions,Even though the final results are not satisfactory,But attitudes and practices have been quite localization.

　　中国企业还应该学会低调务实的行事风格，在任何一个国家，能源、金融、通讯等都是非常敏感的行业，如果动不动就以“占领”、“控制”等扎眼的字眼来表述中国企业走出去的行为，很难不引起东道国民众和政客的反感，不是被人当成暴发户，就是被误认为是掠夺行为，容易使本来只有经济目的的企业行为，被当成是有不可告人的政治目的，甚至是敌对行为。在这个方面，中国的企业和传媒界都有需要改进的地方。

Chinese enterprises should also learn to low-key pragmatic style,In any country,energy/financial/Communication is very sensitive industry,If is easily to"occupation"/"control"And dazzling word to describe the behavior of Chinese enterprises to go out,It is very hard not to cause the host country people and politicians antipathy,Not being as nouveau riche,Is be mistaken for a predatory behavior,Easy to make originally only economic purpose enterprise behavior,As there is a sinister political purposes,Even hostile behavior.In this respect,China's enterprise and media have areas in need of improvement.

　　当然，中美贸易环境要想彻底好转，还需要两国相关部门在双边和多边框架内积极对话和沟通。合则两利，斗则两伤，以通信企业为例，市场数据显示，中国企业在美市场份额有限，而思科等企业在华业务比例日益上升，如果真的产生经贸摩擦，思科的损失可能会更大。

Of course,Sino-us trade environment to completely turn for the better,The two countries also need relevant departments in bilateral and multilateral framework positive dialogue and communication.$benefit both,Bucket is two injury,To communication enterprise as an example,Market data display,Chinese enterprises in the market share limited,But cisco enterprise business in China rising proportion,If really produce economic and trade friction,Cisco loss may be more big.

　　（作者系中国上市公司舆情中心观察员） 

(The author is the Chinese listed company public opinion center observers)