美国共和党总统候选人罗姆尼10日在俄亥俄州接受现场民众关于中国议题的提问时直言，他上任第一天将不只是要把中国列为货币操纵国，更会对中国货课以重税，因为中国已成全球最大制造业国家，并准备超越美国成为最大经济体，但中国却持续使美国无法与其 公平竞争。看来，罗姆尼是想靠挥舞对华贸易保护主义的大棒来赢得选票。

Republican presidential candidate mitt romney 10 in Ohio accepted at about Chinese issues people question the truth,The first day he took office will not just be to brand China a currency manipulator,More will be imposed a heavy tax on Chinese goods,Because China has become the world's largest manufacturing country,And ready to surpass the U.S. as the largest economy,But China is continuous make America cannot and Fair competition.It seems,Mr Romney is to rely on China trade protectionism waving the stick to win votes.

　　实际上，美对华推贸易保护主义远非停留在选战演说上。多年来，每逢大选，美对华贸易保护主义浪潮总要掀起狂涛。今年这股势头更猛，1月，美国商务部宣布对从中国进口的应用级风塔发起“双反”调查，打响了今年对华“双反”调查“第一枪”。3月13日到20日，仅仅一周时间，美国针对中国出口产品的贸易救济行动就多达6起。除了对外实施贸易救济行动，美国还从内部采取行政和立法措施，包括设立跨部门贸易执法中心、快速出台《1930年关税法》修订案、频频动用隐蔽性更强的“337调查”手段，以保护专利为名打压中国产品。5月30日，出台两项对华贸易裁决，即美国商务部宣布认定从中国进口的应用级风电塔得到中国政府补贴，拟对中国向美出口涉案产品的相关企业征收从13.74%至26%不等的反补贴关税；美国国际贸易委员会认定，从中国进口的用于运输和贮存压缩或液化气体的高压钢筒对美国相关产业造成实质性损害，允许美国商务部对此类产品征收反补贴和反倾销关税。

In fact,Beauty push China trade protectionism is far from stay in campaign speech.For many years,Every election,Beautiful China trade protectionism wave always waves of a.This trend this year more fierce,January,The us Commerce Department announced on imports from China application level wind tower launch"Double reverse"survey,Climaxing in China this year"Double reverse"survey"The first gun".March 13, to 20 days,Only a week,The United States against Chinese export products trade relief action is as many as 6 major.In addition to implementation of the foreign trade relief action,The United States also from the inside to take administrative and legislative measures,Including the establishment of inter-departmental trade law enforcement center/Fast on[1930 the end of the year tax law]amendment/Frequently use concealment stronger"337 survey"means,In order to protect patent as suppressing Chinese products.On May 30th,China issued two trade award,The ministry of commerce has announced that the United States of America that imports from China application level wind power tower to get the Chinese government subsidies,Plan to China to the United States export products involved in the related enterprise collection ranging from 13.74% to 26% of the countervailing duty;United States international trade commission determined,Imported from China used to transport and storage compression or liquefied gas high pressure cylinder to American relevant industry cause substantial damage,Allow the us department of commerce for this type of product collecting countervailing and anti-dumping duties.

　　眼下，随着总统选战步入白热化，“中国话题”在一定意义上已成两党争相“示强”的工具，而近期两项重要的对华贸易保护案例也在某种程度上对大选增色不少。一项是10月8日美国国会众议院情报委员会公布一份所谓调查报告，指控中国电信设备制造商华为和中兴对美国构成安全威胁。另一项是10月11日美国商务部宣布了对中国光伏电池及组件的“双反”终裁结果，反倾销税率为18.32%至249.96%，反补贴税率为14.78%至15.97%，并从中扣除10.54%的出口补贴，经计算，行业关税范围为23.75%至254.66%，远超中国光伏行业能承受的范围。

the,With the presidential campaign into white-hot,"Chinese topic"In a certain sense has already become to two parties"intensive"tool,And the recent two important China trade protection case also in some degree of election graces many.One is October 8, the U.S. house of representatives intelligence committee announced a so-called investigation report,Charged with China telecom equipment maker huawei and zte pose a security risk to the United States.Another is October 11, the us department of commerce announced on China pv cell and components"Double reverse"Final results,Anti-dumping tax rate is 18.32% to 249.96%,Countervailing rate is 14.78% to 15.97%,And deduct 10.54% of export subsidies,The calculation,Industry tariff range 23.75% to 254.66%,Far above China pv industry can withstand the range.

　　按理，美国制造业今年以来无论在政策支持还是发展势头都比较迅猛，美国政府无须使用贸易保护救济手段。奥巴马在今年“国情咨文”中就进一步认定，美国经济发展和就业增长的关键是制造业。奥巴马强调，美国人拥有很强的创造力，但需加强产学研之间的协调合作。政府将采取税收体制改革等举措，鼓励制造业岗位“回流”，以提振美国经济。3月9日，奥巴马在弗吉尼亚州发表演讲时提议拨款10亿美元设立全美制造业创新网络，加强高等工科类院校和制造企业之间的产学研有机结合。8月16日，美国政府宣布，将在俄亥俄州建立一所由政府部门和私营部门共同出资的制造业创新研究所，以扶持美国制造业和鼓励企业在本土投资。上述政策，可谓美国在扶持制造业发展方面的一系列大手笔。

be,The United States manufacturing since this year no matter in the policy support or momentum of development is rapid,The United States government does not need to use trade protection relief means.Obama in this year"State of the union"In that further,The United States economy development and the employment growth is the key to manufacturing.Obama stressed,Americans have a strong creativity,But need to strengthen the coordination between the combination of cooperation.The government will take tax system reform measures such as,Encourage manufacturing jobs"reflux",To boost the U.S. economy.On March 9,,Obama in a speech in Virginia when proposed $1 billion the United States set up manufacturing innovation network,Strengthen higher engineering colleges and manufacturing enterprise of the organic combination between combination.On August 16,,The U.S. government announced,Will build a in Ohio by the government and the private sector collective and contributive manufacturing innovation research institute,To support the United States manufacturing and encourage enterprises in the local investment.The above policy,It may be said in the United States to support the development of manufacturing a series of big.

　　随着海外劳工成本的上涨，以及超长供应链等多种因素带来的挑战，越来越多的美国企业正在考虑或已经将原先位于海外的生产基地搬回美国本土，越来越多的制造业产品正在摇身变为“美国制造”。可以说，这种制造业回流更有助于促进美国经济复苏和就业率的提升。美国波士顿咨询公司就预测，制造业回流将为美国带来200万至300万个就业机会。

Along with the overseas labor costs,And long supply chain and so on the many kinds of factors challenge,More and more American companies are considering or has the original is located in the overseas production base moved back to the United States,More and more manufacturing products are shaking body into"Made in USA".Can say,This kind of manufacturing backflow more help to promote the economic recovery and employment of ascension.Boston consulting company is forecast,Manufacturing return will bring in the United States from 2 million to 3 million jobs.

　　不过，加强产学研有机结合以及制造业回流，并不能在短期内改变中国制造业大国的地位。同样，美国对华大推贸易保护主义，也同样不能改变中国制造业大国的地位。美国制造业要发展，本质是产业升级，高端制造是其战略核心。而要提升未来美国制造业创新研究的发展后劲，美国需要有更多研发投入并不断创新。因此，加大研发投入，促进知识生产，确保知识向制造业转移，才是美国制造业下一步必须面对的最重要问题。

but,Intensifying the organic combination and manufacturing reflux,In the short term and not change China manufacturing superpower.The same,The big push China trade protectionism,Also can't change the Chinese manufacturing industry superpower.The United States manufacturing industry to develop,Nature is a industrial upgrading,High-end manufacturing is its strategy core.And to improve the future American manufacturing innovation research development in the future,The United States needs to have more r&d investment and innovation.therefore,Increasing spending on research,Promote knowledge production,Ensure that knowledge to manufacturing transfer,Is the United States manufacturing the next step must face the most important problems.

　　相比之下，中国制造业现状是大而不强，目前还是以生产原材料加工和劳动密集型的低端产品为主，处于全球产业链的中低端。由此可见，中美制造业的竞争，只是错位竞争，而中美制造业间合作空间其实更广阔。所以，假如美国两党都能从大局着眼，真正担负起世界最大发达国家的应有的责任，多做有利于扩大中美制造业合作乃至中美经贸合作的事，则对于美国经济的全面复苏，对于维持低通胀率，提升中产阶级的生活水平，功莫大焉。若继续挥舞贸易保护主义大棒，只会两败俱伤。

Compared with,The Chinese manufacturing industry present situation is big but not strong,At present or in the production of raw materials processing and labor-intensive low-end product mainly,In the global industrial chain ZhongDiDuan.Thus it can be seen,China and the United States manufacturing competition,Just dislocation competition,And the manufacturing cooperation between the broader space actually.so,If the two parties can from the overall situation with,Really take on the world's largest developed country's due responsibility,Will do more to help expand the manufacturing cooperation and economic and trade cooperation between China and the United States of matter,For the United States, for the overall economic recovery,To maintain a low inflation,Improve the living standard of the middle class,GongMoDaYan.If you continue to brandish trade protectionism stick,Will only in which both sides had a.

　　靠硬推贸易保护主义，是救不了美国制造业的。真要扭转中美贸易的失衡局面，为中美制造业贸易的不断繁荣创造条件，美国政府就该认真考虑放宽对输华高科技产品的限制，继续为中国企业赴美投资创造公平、便利的环境，避免政治因素干扰经济合作，从而增强中国企业对美贸易和投资的信心，而最终受益的则是美国制造业以及美国经济。

By hard push protectionism,Is can't save the United States manufacturing.Really want to turn the sino-us trade imbalance situation,For the manufacturing trade unceasing prosperity to create conditions,The United States government should seriously consider to relax the restrictions lose China high-tech products,For Chinese enterprises to continue to create a fair investment/Convenient environment,To avoid political interference economic cooperation,Thus strengthening Chinese enterprise to the trade and investment confidence,And the final benefit is the United States manufacturing and the American economy.

　　（作者系中国人民银行郑州培训学院教授）

(The author is the people's bank of China zhengzhou training college professor)