一直以来，美国保护本土产业、对外实施贸易保护的手段层出不穷，在对进口产品大肆实施反倾销、反补贴和保障措施的同时，还大举利用“337调查”将其作为实行新贸易保护主义的工具。1986年，美国对中国发起第一次“337调查”立案调查。2004年至2011年，我国已连续7年成为遭受“337调查”最多的国家。

Has been,The United States to protect local industry/Implementation of the foreign trade protection means emerge in endlessly,In the implementation of the import products as anti-dumping/Countervailing and safeguard measures at the same time,Also massive use of"337 survey"As a practice new protectionist tools.In 1986,,The United States launched in China for the first time"337 survey"Initiate an investigation.From 2004 to 2011,Our country has become suffer for seven years"337 survey"Most populous country.

　　据中国贸易救济信息网统计，2012年上半年，美国共发起“337调查”29起，其中，涉华“337调查”有11起，占美国“337调查”总数的37.9%。

According to China's trade relief information network statistics,In the first half of 2012,The United States launched a total of"337 survey"And the,the,SheHua"337 survey"11 the,Accounted for the United States"337 survey"37.9% of the total.

　　“337调查”是指根据美国《1930年关税法》，美国国际贸易委员会(ITC)可以对进口贸易中的不公平行为发起调查并采取的一种制裁措施，由于它依据的是《1930年关税法》的第337节规定，因此此类调查一般被称为“337调查”。“337调查”的对象为产品侵犯美国知识产权，以及进口贸易中存在不公平竞争行为的企业。在实践中，大部分“337调查”都是针对专利或者是商标侵权行为发起的，其中专利侵权一直以来都是美国启动“337调查”的最主要诉由。

"337 survey"Refers to the United States[1930 the end of the year tax law],United States international trade commission(ITC)To import trade of unfair behavior launch investigation and take a kind of sanctions,Because it is based on[1930 the end of the year tax law]The provisions of section 337,Therefore this research is generally called"337 survey"."337 survey"The object for product infringe upon the intellectual property rights,And import trade in the existence of unfair competition behavior of the enterprise.In practice,Most of the"337 survey"Is directed at the patent or trademark infringement behavior of the launch,The patent infringement has long is the start"337 survey"The main v. by.

　　从1972到2008年间，在美国对全球发起的669起“337调查”中，单独以专利侵权为由启动的达506起，占比高达75.6%；2009年，在美国对全球发起的35起“337调查”中，单独以专利侵权为由启动的达31起，占比88.6%；2010年，单独以专利侵权为由启动的“337调查”55起，占比高达98.2%；2011年这一比例仍高达95.7%。另外，少数“337调查”还涉及版权、工业设计以及集成电路布图设计侵权行为等，其他形式的不公平竞争还包括侵犯商业秘密、假冒经营、虚假广告、违反反垄断法等。

From 1972 to 2008,In the United States to the global launch of 669 cases"337 survey"in,Separate start with patent infringement for 506 up,Accounted for more than 75.6%;In 2009,,In the United States to the global launch 35 up"337 survey"in,With patent infringement alone for the start of the 31,Accounted for more than 88.6%;In 2010,,With patent infringement alone for the start"337 survey"55 the,Accounted for more than 98.2%;In 2011 the proportion is as high as 95.7%.In addition,minority"337 survey"Still involve copyright/Industrial design and integrated circuit layout design tort, etc,Other forms of unfair competition also includes infringes on business secrets/Fake business/False advertising/Antitrust law violation, etc.

　　相对于反倾销调查是针对出口国产品价格低于正常价值而进行的产品倾销行为而言，“337调查”是主要针对进口贸易中的不公平行为实施的调查，往往伴随着其他侵权诉讼一并进行。“337调查”作为一种新的贸易壁垒形式，具有“快、准、狠”三个特点。“快”是指依照美国《1930年关税法》的规定，美国国际贸易委员会接受“337调查”申请后30日内必须作出是否立案的决定，在12至15个月内须结束调查，申请的门槛也较低。“准”是指目前对外贸易领域的竞争已转化为企业创新能力的竞争，而利用知识产权壁垒常常能精确地击中出口国相关企业的“命门”。“狠”是因为“337调查”的裁决结果有普遍排除令、有限排除令、禁止令、扣押和没收令等，严重者可能导致被告企业的侵权产品再也无缘美国市常相对于反倾销措施只需缴纳高额的反倾销税，理论上产品仍有进入美国市场的机会，而且反倾销税的实施年限常常只有5年，“337调查”后的制裁常常使得侵权企业的产品永远不能进入美国市场，这一结果可能波及侵权产品的上下游产品。

Relative to the anti-dumping investigation is aimed at exporter product price below the normal value of products for dumping behavior,"337 survey"Is to basically be aimed at import trade of unfair behavior of the implementation of the investigation,Often accompanied by other tort litigation packaged with."337 survey"As a new form of trade barriers,has"fast/quasi/malicious"Three characteristics."fast"Refers to the United States in accordance with[1930 the end of the year tax law]regulations,United States international trade commission to accept"337 survey"After the application within 30 days must make a decision whether to put on record decision,In the 12 to 15 months investigation must finish,The threshold of the application is also lower."quasi"It is to show at present in the field of foreign trade competition has been converted to enterprise innovation ability of competition,And the use of intellectual property barriers can often accurately hit the exporter of the related enterprises"Gate of life"."malicious"because"337 survey"The award of the results are common to eliminate/Co., LTD., to eliminate/injunctive/Arrest and confiscation order, etc,The defendant may lead to serious infringement of enterprise products for the United States no longer city often relative to the anti-dumping measures need to pay high anti-dumping duties,In theory the product still have access to the U.S. market opportunity,And the implementation of the anti-dumping duty often fixed number of year to have 5 years only,"337 survey"The sanctions after often makes infringement enterprise products can never enter the American market,The results may be felt in the infringing products downstream products.

　　长久以来，因为“337调查”昂贵的应诉成本，加上伴随的其他诉讼，国内单个企业常常无力应对，采取了不理会、不应诉的“鸵鸟政策”，导致美国国际贸易委员会单方面听信申请人的一面之词而判决缺席的中国企业败诉。有统计称，近年来，中国企业在美国开展的“337调查”案中的败诉率高达60%，远高于世界平均值26%。自入世以来，利用非关税的技术性壁垒打压中国的出口产品，已经并将继续成为美国的一项长效之策。作为美国重要的贸易伙伴之一，中国企业应对美国“337调查”的前景不甚乐观。

For a long time,because"337 survey"Expensive appearance cost,Plus concomitant other litigation,Domestic individual enterprise often unable to cope with,Taken to ignore/No appearance of"Ostrich policy",In the United States international trade commission unilateral listen to the applicant's assertion and judgment absent China enterprise the losing.Statistics says,In recent years,Chinese enterprises in the United States carried out"337 survey"In the case BaiSuLv reaches as high as 60%,Far higher than the world average of 26%.Since joining the,Use non-tariff technical barriers crack down on China's export products,The United States has been and will continue to be a long-term strategy of.As the United States is one of the important trade partner,Chinese enterprises deal with the United States"337 survey"The prospect of the not very optimistic.

　　面对来势汹汹的美国“337调查”，企业单打独斗很难取得胜利，国内相关行业协会应建立应诉基金，联合各个涉案企业合力应对美国的技术性贸易壁垒。而企业在出口产品之前，也应自觉检测自己的产品是否存在侵犯美国知识产权的嫌疑，做到防范贸易风险在前。如果检索后产品构成侵权，就应自动规避。而最根本的则在于，企业应加大研发投入，加强自主创新能力，掌握核心技术，增加产品的技术附加值，形成完善健全的专利网络。(刘素霞  作者单位：中共陕西省委党校)(中国贸易报)

The excesses of the United States"337 survey",Enterprise working hard to win,The domestic correlation industry association shall establish appearance fund,Joint each involving enterprise force to deal with technical barriers to trade in the United States.And enterprises in the export product before,Also should consciously testing their products whether there is infringe the intellectual property of suspicion,To prevent the risk of trade in the first.If after retrieval products constitute infringement,You should avoid automatically.The most fundamental one is,Enterprise should increase the r&d investment,To strengthen the ability of independent innovation,Grasp core technology,Increase product technical added value,Form perfect patent network.(LiuSuXia  The author unit:The shaanxi provincial party committee party school)(China trade news)