一场能源供应领域的变革正在美国上演。十年前美国对页岩气的开采还微不足道，而现在它已占该国天然气开采总量的约1/4。美国相关部门估计，到2035年这一比例将提高到约50%。有媒体评论说，这对一直寻求能源独立的美国来说，已是一场实实在在的能源革命。

A change in the field of energy supply is currently in the United States.Ten years ago, the United States for shale gas mining is still insignificant,And now it has accounted for the country's natural gas mining of the total amount of about a quarter.The United States related department estimated,By 2035 the ratio will rise to about 50%.Media comments,It has been seeking for energy independence for the United States,Already is a real energy revolution.

　　“页岩气革命”影响全球

"Shale gas revolution"Global impact

　　随着页岩气产量迅速提高，国际能源署预计，到2015年美国将超越俄罗斯成为全球最大天然气生产国。

As shale gas yield increased rapidly,The international energy agency is expected,By 2015 the United States will beyond Russia to become one of the world's largest producer of natural gas.

　　美国能源当局则预测说，页岩气将取代煤炭成为仅次于石油的美国第二大能源资源，而且可能改变美国能源生产格局。目前，页岩气产量增加拉低了能源价格，已成为美国振兴制造业的一大法宝。欧洲空中客车公司等许多国际大企业将一些制造项目迁入美国，看重的正是当地低廉的能源价格。

The U.S. energy authorities are predicting said,Shale gas will replace coal become the second only to oil, the second largest us energy resources,And may change the United States energy production pattern.At present,Shale gas yield increase down energy prices,The United States has become the manufacturing a large weapon.The European airbus and many other international big enterprise will some manufacturing project settle in the United States,Value is the local low energy prices.

　　此外，得益于页岩气革命中的“水力压裂”技术，页岩油(一种石油)的产量也飞速增加，使美国石油产量强劲反弹，导致2011年美国自1949年以来首次成为精炼石油产品净出口国。国际能源署认为，到2020年美国将成为全球最大原油生产国。美国康菲石油公司总裁瑞安·兰斯最近甚至表示，到本世纪20年代中期美国将不必进口石油。

In addition,Benefited from the shale gas in the revolution"Hydraulic fracturing"technology,Shale oil(A kind of oil)Production also grew rapidly,Make the oil production strong rebound,Cause in 2011 the United States for the first time since 1949 become a net exporter of refined petroleum products.The international energy agency think,By 2020 the United States will become the world's biggest oil producers.The United States President conocophillips Ryan lance even recently said,By the s the United States will not have to import oil.

　　页岩气开发瓶颈凸显

Shale gas development bottleneck highlights

　　得益于多年来的技术进步，页岩气开发在美国如火如荼地进行着。然而环境污染隐忧、与人争水等难题始终伴随着页岩气开发。

Thanks to years of technical progress,Shale gas development in the United States carrying the.However environmental pollution worries/To strive, such as water problem has always been with shale gas development.

　　页岩气开采的核心技术是水平井钻井法和水力压裂法(或称压裂法)，美国超过一半的天然气都是通过压裂法开采获得。该方法是用“压裂液体”，即化学物质夹杂着大量水、泥沙，用高压注入地下井，压裂邻近的岩石构造，扩张裂口，使天然气能流入井中得以收集。但是这些活动可能会对环境和人类健康产生负面影响，其中包括污染空气、水源和土壤等。由于诸多不利因素，美国纽约州和特拉华盆地已叫停了在该地区的水力压裂项目。各州和联邦政府还在制定更严格的管理条例，力图减轻页岩气开发所产生的环境影响。因此，未来页岩气革命能否如前十年那样“高歌猛进”还有待观察。

Shale gas mining core technology is the horizontal well drilling method and hydraulic fracturing(Or say fracturing),The United States more than half of the natural gas is through the fracturing method for mining.This method is to use"Fracturing liquid",Namely chemical material mixed with a great deal of water/sediment,With high pressure injection underground well,Fracturing adjacent rock structure,Expansion split,Make gas can into the borehole to collect.But these activities may be on the environment and human health have a negative impact,Including pollute the air/Water and soil, etc.As a result of many unfavorable factors,American New York and Delaware basin has turned in the area of hydraulic fracturing project.The states and the federal government also develop more strict management regulations,Try to reduce the shale gas produced by the development environmental impact.therefore,The future shale gas revolution could be like in ten years before that"Rapid development"Remains to be seen.

　　美“页岩气革命”能否复制

beauty"Shale gas revolution"Can copy

　　美国“页岩气革命”也激发了全球对页岩气勘探开发的强烈兴趣。但美国的开发模式能否复制需要考虑许多因素。

The United States"Shale gas revolution"Also stimulate the global for shale gas exploration and development of strong interest.But the United States development mode can copy need to consider many factors.

　　首先，需要发达的管道基础设施。美国有210条天然气管道，超过48万公里，覆盖每一个主要市场和页岩气区，这减少了开发的前期投入，是页岩气开发具备效益的直接基础。

First of all,Need developed pipeline infrastructure.Article 210 the United States has natural gas pipeline,More than 480000 kilometers,Cover every major market and shale gas province,This reduced the development in the early period of the investment,Is shale gas development have the benefit of direct basis.

　　其次，技术要求非常高。经过十几年的摸索，美国的技术体系才趋于成熟，使打一口页岩气井的成本低于其他国家数倍，而单井产量大幅提升。

secondly,Technical requirements are very high.After more than ten years of exploration,The United States technical system to tend to mature,That play a shale gas well cost less than other countries several times,And single well production increased.

　　第三，环境因素制约。开采页岩气所需的水力压裂技术会产生一些化学物质，这些物质很容易渗入地下水中。因此，欧洲人对页岩气开采明显更为犹豫，法国等多数欧洲国家就一直禁止水力压裂技术。

The third,Environment factors.Mining shale gas the hydraulic fracturing technology will produce some chemical substance,These substances is easy to seep into the groundwater.therefore,People in Europe shale gas mining obviously more hesitant,Most European countries, including France, have been banned hydraulic fracturing technology.

　　业内众多专家认为，忽视页岩气开发对美国乃至全球的政治经济影响是莫大的错误，但也不应过分拔高页岩气开发的作用。其是否足以促使美国工业复兴、美国开发模式能否全球复制，以及其开发能否进一步减小环境污染，这些问题都需要时间来回答。

Many experts say the industry,Ignore shale gas development for America and global political and economic influence is great error,But it should not be too high shale gas development role.If it is enough to make the United States industry revival/The United States development mode can be global copy,And its development can further reduce the pollution of the environment,These problems can need time to answer.