12月17日，国务院关税税则委员会发布了《关于2013年关税实施方案的通知》，其中“煤制焦炭及半焦炭不论是否粉化”（税则号：27040010）这一商品在《出口商品税率表》中消失，这意味着焦炭40%的出口关税明年起被取消。

On December 17,,The tariff commission of the state council released[About 2013 tariff implementation plan of the notice],the"Coal system coke and semicoke whether efflorescence"(Hs code:27040010)In this article[Export tariff schedule]Disappear in,This means that the coke 40% of export tariffs next year is cancelled.

　　接受本报记者采访时，中投顾问煤炭行业研究员邱希哲表示，取消出口关税是政府鼓励企业将过剩产能释放至国外市场的初步策略。对焦炭行业是较大利好消息，将提高国产焦炭在国际市场的竞争力，刺激相关企业对出口的热情，增加企业的盈利收入。但他同时表示，焦炭出口情况不仅受到关税限制，还须遵从政府的焦炭出口配额，仅取消出口关税还并未起到以国外市场分流我国过剩产能的作用。

Accept our newspaper reporter to interview,An adviser QiuXiZhe coal industry researcher said,Cancel the export tariff is the government encourages enterprises excess capacity will be released to the overseas market preliminary strategy.To coke industry is a big good news,Will improve domestic coke in the competitiveness of the international market,Stimulate the enthusiasm of the relevant enterprises to export,Increase the enterprise's profit income.But he also said,Coke export situation not only by the tariff restrictions,Must also comply with the government's coke export quota,Just cancel the export tariff also did not have to foreign markets in the role of the shunt overcapacity.

　　意料之外

unexpected

　　接受本报记者采访时，多位行业分析师均表示，虽然早前WTO裁决结果已经表明2013年焦炭关税的下调是必然，但是此次财政部直接取消关税还是让他们感觉有点震惊。在他们看来，焦炭属于中国在国际市场话语权比较大的大宗商品，国际贸易中关税是谈判的砝码，取消关税后话语权会骤降。

Accept our newspaper reporter to interview,Many industry analysts are said,Although earlier WTO ruling results have shown that 2013 coke tariff cut is inevitable,But the Treasury directly cancel tariffs or let them feel a little shocked.In their eyes,Coke belongs to China in the international market more voice of commodities,International trade customs is the weight of negotiations,Cancel after tariff voice drops.

　　据了解， 2004年之前，我国曾对焦炭出口实行15%的退税。但由于焦化行业属于高污染、高耗能产业，而且焦炭的原材料炼焦煤是稀缺资源，为加强环境保护和提高资源利用率，从2004年5 月起，我国逐步取消焦炭出口退税，并多次加征出口关税。同时，采取配额制对焦炭出口进行限制。2008 年8 月出口关税上调至40%后，我国焦炭出口量也由2000年的1520万吨下降至2011年的330万吨。

It is understood, 2004 years ago,China had to coke exports through a 15% tax rebate.But as a result of coking industry belongs to the high pollution/Production industry,And coke raw materials coking coal is a scarce resource,In order to strengthen environmental protection and improve the utilization rate of resources,From May 2004 month,Our country has cancelled coke export tax rebate,Many times and imposing export tariffs.At the same time,Take to coke export quota system to restrict.2008 Eight years Months after the export tariff rise to 40%,Our country coke exports also by 2000 tons fell to 2011 tons.

　　由于中国的焦炭总产量占到世界焦炭总产量的60%以上，高额的出口关税必然会招致国际市场的强烈反对。针对中国焦炭出口违规的诉讼始于2009年。2009年6月23日，美国和欧盟在WTO框架内向中国提出贸易争端请求，认为中国对钢铁和化工产业原材料实施出口税和出口配额限额违背了国际贸易法则，必须加以改正。虽然，中方再三强调采取配额制等是出于保护自然资源环境的需要，但WTO仍裁决“中国违规”并驳回了中国基于环境保护或供应短缺就初步裁定提出的上诉请求。“出口关税的调整主要因为焦炭反倾销败诉。”山东省焦化行业协会付恩祥告诉本报记者。

Because China's coke production accounted for more than 60% of the total output of the world coke,High export tariffs will incur international market strongly oppose.According to China's coke export illegal action began in 2009.On June 23, 2009,The United States and the European Union within the framework of WTO China trade dispute request is put forward,Think that China's iron and steel and chemical industry raw material implement export tax and export quota limit against the international trade law,Must correct.although,China has repeatedly emphasized take quota system is to protect the environment of natural resources needs,But the WTO ruling still"China's illegal"And rejected China based on environmental protection or supply shortages will put forward the preliminary decision to appeal."Export tariff adjustment mainly because coke anti-dumping lawsuit."Shandong coking industry association FuEnXiang told our reporter.

　　刺激焦炭出口

Stimulus coke export

　　近年来，我国消费结构的升级和工业化、城镇化进程的加快，带动了焦炭行业的快速发展，国内焦炭产能迅猛扩张，产量逐年上升。但是，随着宏观经济增速持续回落，焦炭下游需求严重不足，同时高出口关税又限制外部需求，焦炭出口基本停滞。国内焦炭市场过剩压力不断增大。数据显示，2012年1—11份我国焦炭产量累计完成4.07亿吨，按照9月份以后焦化产能利用率上升推算全年焦炭产量有望突破4.4亿吨大关。而根据今年1—11月份焦炭表观消费量测算值为2.4亿吨加上社会库存与出口量总计约2.5亿吨左右，与实际产量相比过剩至少5000万吨以上。

In recent years,Our country consumption structure upgrade and industrialization/To speed up the process of urbanization,Promote the rapid development of the coke industry,Domestic coke production rapid expansion,Production is rising year by year.but,With the macro economic growth sustained back,Coke downstream demand seriously insufficient,At the same time high export tariffs and limit external demand,Coke export basic stagnation.Domestic coke market surplus pressure increasing.Data display,2012 1-11 of coke production in China has been completed 407 million tons,According to the September coking capacity utilization rate rise after calculate the coke production is expected to exceed 440 million tons of mark.And according to this year 1 - November coke apparent consumption calculation value for 240 million tons and social inventory and exports total about 250 million tons,Compared with the actual production surplus of at least 50 million tons.

　　记者翻阅资料发现，在2008 年出口关税上调至40%之前，中国是国际焦炭贸易市场的主要供给方，占据全球焦炭贸易量3000 万吨中的40%—50%份额。实施高出口关税后，中国的市场排名下降至12.28%，全球焦炭贸易量也萎缩至2010 年的2727 万吨。海关总署最新公布的数据显示，2012年1—11月，我国出口焦炭及半焦炭96万吨，与同期相比下降70%。按目前的出口水平推算，2012年我国焦炭出口量不会超过110万吨。而2008年以前我国焦炭出口形势长期保持在每月百万吨以上，2006年焦炭总出口量更是达到1500万吨的高度。

Reporters found through material,In 2008 Years before export tariff rise to 40%,China is the main international coke trade market supply,Occupy global coke trade 3000 Ten thousand tons of 40% - 50% share.After the implementation of high export duties,China's market ranking dropped to 12.28%,Global coke trade also atrophy to 2010 In 2727 Ten thousand tons.The general administration of customs latest figures show,2012 - November 1,Our export coke and half coke 960000 tons,Compared with 70% decline.According to the current export levels inferred,In 2012, coke exports will not more than 1.1 million tons.And 2008 years ago China coke export situation maintained for a long time in one million tons per month,In 2006, coke's exports is the height of 15 million tons.

　　选取国内外焦煤价格作为比较基础，假设其他成本相近，目前国内外焦煤价格约有10美元左右的价差，考虑到运费之后，国际煤价比价优势不明显，从原材料的成本角度考虑，我国焦炭价格的竞争力还是比较明显的。

Select both at home and abroad is price as coking coal based,The cost of other similar assumptions,Coking coal prices at home and abroad about ten dollars price,After considering the freight,International coal prices ratio advantage is not obvious,From the view of the cost of raw materials,Our country coke price competitiveness is obvious.

　　可以预见，在40%出口关税取消后，我国的焦炭出口量将出现明显的恢复性增长。按照2008年焦炭关税取消前的数据来看，中国焦炭出口量始终占到国内产量的5%上下，占全球焦炭贸易量的45%左右。采访中，有分析师指出，本次关税调整主要压力来自焦炭反倾销败诉，因此配额取消的可能性比较大。该分析师认为，参考历史数据，考虑配额的总量控制，取消关税后，我国焦炭出口量将达到1400万吨左右。

Can foresee,In the 40% export tariffs was cancelled,China's coke exports will appear obvious restorative growth.According to the 2008 coke tariff cancelled before the data to see,China's coke exports always account for 5% of domestic production fluctuation,Accounts for about 45% of the global coke trade.interview,Analysts pointed out that,The tariff adjustment main pressure comes from coke anti-dumping lawsuit,So the quota to cancel the possibility of more.Analysts believe that the,Reference to historical data,Considering the amount of quota control,Cancel after customs,Our country coke output will reach 14 million tons.

　　但即便如此，邱希哲也表示，出口配额的存在仍旧限制焦炭的出口水平，未来政府会否出台更为宽松的政策还有待观察。

But even so,QiuXiZhe also said,The presence of export quotas limit still coke export levels,The future government will come no more loose policy remains to be seen.

　　焦煤是最大受益者

Coking coal is the biggest beneficiaries

　　“我的钢铁”网站分析师徐卫卫认为，此次关税取消并不能等于国家完全放开焦炭出口。在他看来，焦炭出口政策上仍然存在许多不确定性因素，一方面是否取消出口配额尚无定论，另一方面，最新焦炭出口办法目前也没有进一步消息。“对后期焦炭出口政策，个人认为更倾向于国家通过其他形式调控，市场部分松动而并非完全放开。”徐卫卫说。

"My iron and steel"Web site XuWeiWei analysts think,The tariff cancel does not equal to the national completely let go of coke export.In his view,Coke export policy there are still many uncertain factors,On the one hand is to cancel export quota is uncertain,On the other hand,The latest coke export way there are no further news."Late on coke export policy,Personally think more inclined to countries through the other forms of regulation,Market partly loose and not fully open."XuWeiWei said.

　　正常来说，焦炭关税取消，最直接的受益者为焦炭，但由于焦炭行业产能总体过剩程度较大，目前行业的产能利用率在50%—60%，且焦炭行业集中度低，300万吨通常为较大规模厂商，与上游焦煤和下游钢铁的集中度相比过于分散，议价能力较差，盈利空间有改善可能，但幅度有限。

normally,Coke tariff cancel,The most direct beneficiaries for coke,But as a result of coke industry overall surplus production capacity of large,At present the industry capacity utilization rate in 50% - 60%,And coke industry concentration is low,3 million tons of usually a large-scale manufacturers,And upstream and downstream of the concentration of iron and steel coking coal compared too scattered,Bargaining ability is bad,Profit space has improve may,But amplitude co., LTD.,.

　　上述分析师表示，作为焦炭的上游环节，从关税取消的受益程度看，焦煤需求量增价升的确定性更大。

The analysts said,As coke upstream link,From the tariff cancelled benefit to the extent,Coking coal demand increase price rise more uncertainty.

　　该分析师给记者算了一笔账，按照吨焦炭耗焦精煤1.4吨和焦精煤50%的回收率计算，关税取消新增焦原煤需求将达到4000万吨左右。考虑到城镇化进程的不断加快，国内钢铁产量保持一定的增幅，焦煤价格上涨可期。

The analysts to reporter calculate a bill,According to tons coke consumption of coke plant 1.4 tons and coke plant 50% of recovery calculation,Tariff cancel new coke coal demand will reach 40 million tons.Considering the process of urbanization is speeding up,Domestic iron and steel production keep certain growth,Coking coal prices can period.

　　对于取消出口税，煤炭市场专家李朝林也表示了自己的担忧，焦炭作为高耗能、高污染的行业，我国的环境成本比国外要低很多，甚至有些国家规定不能生产焦炭，只能靠进口，相比之下，国内企业还有利可图。“那么一旦放开，对焦炭企业来说是改善经营的好消息，但对于国家的节能减排将是一场新的‘浩劫’。”李朝林说。

To cancel the export tax,Coal market experts LiChaoLin also expressed his concern,Coke as high/High pollution industry,China's environmental cost is much lower than abroad should,Even some of the provisions of the state can't produce coke,Can only rely on the import,Compared with,The domestic enterprise is profitable."So once let go,To coke for enterprise management is to improve the good news,But for the country's energy conservation and emission reduction will be a new‘havoc’."LiChaoLin said.

　　对此，邱希哲表示了赞同。他表示，取消出口关税固然能够鼓励企业出口，加快国内产能的释放，但是也极有可能“煽动”已经濒临破产的劣质企业恢复活力、投入到“出口大潮”中。若不加限制，此举无疑将会深化产能过剩的矛盾，与政府将对焦炭行业进行“大清洗”的初衷南辕北辙。

this,QiuXiZhe expressed approval.He said,Cancel the export tariff is to encourage enterprises to export,To speed up the release of domestic production capacity,But also likely"incite"Has been on the verge of bankruptcy of the enterprise rejuvenation/into"Export spring"in.If unrestricted,The move will undoubtedly deepen the contradiction of overcapacity,And the government will to coke industries"Big cleaning"The purpose of the poles apart.