OECD和WTO引入“附加值贸易测算法”，人民币升值理由不再充分

OECD and WTO introduced"Added value trade measure method",The appreciation of the renminbi reason no longer fully

　　中国对美国存在巨额贸易顺差及贸易不平衡的说法，将因为一份报告而得到“正名”。

China there are huge trade surplus and trade imbalances said,Because a report will be get"name".

　　经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和世界贸易组织(WTO)16日在其最新研究报告中推出了一个新的全球贸易测算方法附加值贸易测算法。按照这一新测算方法，美国和中国之间的贸易不平衡状况并不像传统数据显得那么庞大。

Organization for economic cooperation and development(OECD)And the world trade organization(WTO)16 in its latest research report introduced a new method for calculating the global trade value trade measure method.According to the new measuring method,Between the United States and China trade imbalance is not like traditional data is so large.

　　在国际贸易中，“附加值”是指一件产品由于劳动力补偿、关税或利润等原因而产生高于原有价值的新价值。举例来说，韩国向中国出口100美元自己生产的商品，中国在对该商品加工后，以110美元的价格再出口美国。按照传统的国际贸易统计方法，中国对美国产生了110美元顺差，而美国和韩国之间并无贸易关系。而按照附加值贸易统计法，韩国对美国产生了100美元顺差，中国对美国只产生10美元顺差。

In international trade,"Added value"Refers to a product as the Labour compensation/Tariffs or profit wait for a reason and produce higher than the original value of the new value.For example,South Korea the export to China $100 their production of goods,In China for the goods after processing,With the price of 110 dollar to export the United States.According to the traditional international trade statistics method,China to the United States had 110 dollar surplus,And the United States and South Korea are no trade relations.And according to value-added trade statistics,South Korea to the United States had 100 dollar surplus,China to the United States makes ten dollars surplus.

　　分析人士指出，新的测算方法可避免错估不同经济体间的贸易差额，有利于更准确理解国际产业链及本国在产业链上的地位，以及开放自由贸易政策的重要性。而对于中国来说，最直接的一个政策影响就是，美欧多年来用来施压人民币升值的理由不再那么理直气壮，因为贸易顺差本来就没有那么大。

Analysts pointed out that,The new calculation method can avoid the wrong estimation of the balance of trade between different economies,To more accurately understand the international industrial chain and its industrial chain in the position,And open the importance of free trade policy.And for China,The most direct effect was a policy,The us and Europe for many years to put pressure on the appreciation of the renminbi reason no longer then walk tall,Because the trade surplus was not so big.

　　中国或摘掉头号出口大国头衔

China or to remove top exporter title

　　对于新的贸易测算方式，OECD秘书长安赫尔·古里亚表示：“我们只能给商品和服务贴上“世界制造"的标签，这将迫使我们彻底改变看待贸易流动的方式。”

For new trade measure way,OECD secretary-general angel · kori and said:"We can only give with goods and services"The world manufacturing"label,This will compel us to completely change the way look at trade flow."

　　这并不难理解。显见的是，正如前述例子所显示的，根据OECD的研究，由于中国出口美国商品的附加值远远低于美国出口中国商品的附加值，2009年中美贸易顺差原本是1760亿美元，但若按照新的测算方法核算，贸易顺差值直接减少至1310亿美元，降幅高达25%。这是因为“中国”出口电子产品的相当大部分价值，包括零部件，都采购自其他国家。

This is not difficult to understand.Notably the,As the example shows,According to the OECD's research,Because of China's export the commodity value is far lower than the United States export China commodity value,In 2009, China's trade surplus was $176 billion,But if the new measuring method accounting,The trade surplus value directly reduce to $131 billion,By as much as 25%.This is because"China"Export electronic products pretty much value,Including parts,All purchasing from other countries.

　　苹果手机是使“附加值贸易”这一概念得以流行的一个例子。亚洲开发银行此前发布的研究报告显示，2009年，中国在苹果手机贸易上对美国出口值约为20亿美元，如果以附加值测算，中国在这一贸易上对美出口额实际仅为7300万美元；而中国当年也从美国进口1.215亿美元苹果手机零部件，如果以附加值测算，中国在这项贸易上对美实际存在4800万美元的贸易逆差，而不是顺差。

Iphone is made"Value-added trade"This concept to popular an example.The Asian development bank released after the report,In 2009,,China in the iphone trade export to the United States is about 2 billion dollars,If the added value calculation,China in the trade on beauty exports actual only $73 million;While in China the imports from the United States also $121.5 million iphone parts,If the added value calculation,China in the trade to the real 48 million dollar trade deficit,Instead of surplus.

　　值得关注的是，按照新的测算方式，以OECD的说法，中国甚至可能难保“头号出口大国”的头衔，毕竟，中国与韩国、日本间的贸易逆差同样明显减少。

There is concern,According to the new way of measuring,In the OECD's statement,It may even ourselves"Top exporter"title,After all,China and South Korea/Japan's trade deficit between also significantly reduced.

　　“这一概念正在得到越来越多的认可。如果按照新的计算方法，中国从出口中所获得的收益远远没有现在简单通过所在国和出产国计算所获得的收益那么大。”上海社会科学院世界经济研究所副所长徐明棋在接受早报记者采访时表示。

"This concept are getting more and more recognition.If according to the new calculation method,China exports from the income gained by the far from now through simple country and produce its countries the profits so big."Shanghai academy of social sciences institute of world economy XuMingQi deputy director in accept morning paper reporter to interview said.

　　汇率没那么重要

Exchange rate is not so important

　　如果采用新计算方法，对中国最大最直接意义或许在于，这将使得逼迫人民币升值的理由不再充分。

If the new calculation method,On one of China's largest and most direct meaning is probably,This will allow make RMB appreciation reason no longer fully.

　　事实上，在新闻发布会上，中美两国之间的贸易顺差和人民币汇率问题已成为重点关注的话题。对此，古里亚当天强调说：“今天我们需要思考的是"世界制造"，而汇率在国际贸易中的重要性和关联性要小得多。”

In fact,In the press conference,Trade between China and the United States surplus and the RMB exchange rate has become a focus on the topic.this,Kori and stressed that day:"Today we need to think about is"The world manufacturing",In international trade and exchange rate the importance and relevance are much smaller."

　　不过，其实古里亚在调查发起时就曾表示，人民币汇率据称的低估“重要性和相关性都在降低”。他还补充称，把政策焦点对准双边贸易问题是“没有道理的”。

but,In fact, in our investigation initiated when he has said,The RMB exchange rate of allegedly undervalued"Importance and relevance are reduced".He also added,The policy focus on bilateral trade the problem is"No reason".

　　有意思的是，OECD贸易与农业主管Ken Ash指出，这项研究如果有什么启示，那一定是开放市场带来的绝对效益要比人们想像中的更大。他表示，如果某个经济体正处于困难时期，那么或许它更应当降低而不是提高贸易壁垒。

Interesting is,OECD trade and agriculture director Ken Ash pointed out that,The study if there is any enlightenment,It must be to open up markets with absolute benefit than people think more of.He said,If an economy is going through a difficult time,So maybe it more should reduce, not raise trade barriers.

　　“新方法并不会对全球的贸易格局产生太大的影响，但它起码可以解释目前巨大贸易顺差的种种误解。”徐明棋昨日接受早报记者采访时说。

"The new method might not on global trade pattern much effect,But it at least can explain current huge trade surplus all kinds of misunderstandings."XuMingQi yesterday morning to accept a reporter to interview.

　　“其实，美国明白这个道理，在整个的中美贸易过程中，美国受益巨大，还将"汇率操纵国"、"人民币低估"、"不公平竞争"等标签栽赃给中国。”国务院发展研究中心世界发展研究所副所长丁一凡接受早报记者采访时则表示，“汇率问题已经成为美国政坛的政客在想"敲打"中国时，随时捡起来的工具。实际上在西方经济学里，根本说不清究竟什么是"均衡汇率"。”

"In fact,The United States understand this truth,In the whole process of sino-us trade,The United States great benefit,Will also"Currency manipulator"/"undervalued"/"Unfair competition"To the Chinese, such as plant labels."The state council development research center, deputy director of the institute of the world development DingYiFan accept morning paper reporter to interview, said,"Exchange rate has become the politicians in American politics to"hammer"China,Always pick up tools.In fact in the western economics,Fundamental cannot tell what is"Equilibrium exchange rate"."

　　不过，附加值贸易统计法的研究和应用仍是初步性的，目前仅涵盖全球40个国家18大产业。因此，想要取代现有的国际贸易统计方法，仍需时日。

but,Added value trade statistics research and application are still preliminary sex,Currently, only covers global forty countries and industries.so,Want to replace the existing international trade statistics method,Still need more time.

　　古里亚和WTO总干事拉米共同呼吁各国支持附加值贸易测算法，认为新方法将帮助各国政府制定更符合国家利益的贸易政策。两大组织也还将采取后续行动。OECD预计在今年5月发布一份有关全球价值链与贸易政策的报告，而世贸组织将于7月在瑞士日内瓦讨论贸易政策支持的问题。

Kori and and WTO director-general lam urged countries support common value trade measure method,Think that the new method will help governments make more accord with the interests of the state trade policies.Two big organization also will also take follow-up action.OECD is expected to release a in May this year the global value chain and trade policy report,And the world trade organization (wto) will be in July in Geneva to discuss trade policy support problem.