随着奥巴马新政府开始执政，重掌国际贸易主导权将成为美国的优先关注点。 

As barack Obama the new government came to power,Reclaim international trade issue will become America's first concerns. 

　　在第一个任期中，相对于频繁曝光的国内经济问题与其应对措施，奥巴马政府在国际贸易方面似乎有些保守。但在奥巴马成功连任美国总统后，他的政府班子显然已经开始为即将到来的两大贸易谈判做起了准备。 

In the first term,Relative to the frequent exposure domestic economic problems and its countermeasures,Obama government in international trade seems to be conservative.But in Obama re-elected after the President of the United States,His government group obviously has started for the upcoming two big trade negotiations with the preparation. 

　　其中，美欧双方正试图启动自贸谈判，旨在达成一项跨大西洋(10.34,0.00,0.00%)的双边贸易协定；此外，美国还计划与亚太国家在今年9月前签署“跨太平洋(6.49,0.00,0.00%)战略经济伙伴关系协定”（TPP）。不过，鉴于两大贸易谈判涉及众多国家，因此，技术障碍与规则制度都注定了谈判进程不会一帆风顺。 

the,Both the us and Europe are trying to start from the trade negotiations,Aims to achieve a across the Atlantic ocean(10.34,0.00,0.00%)Bilateral trade agreement;In addition,The United States also plans and the asia-pacific countries in September this year before signing"Across the ocean(6.49,0.00,0.00%)Strategic economic partnership agreement"(TPP).but,In view of the two big trade talks in many countries,so,Technical barriers and rules system will be doomed the negotiation process not plain sailing. 

　　美欧自贸谈判倒计时 

Us and European trade negotiations since the countdown 

　　美国和欧洲是当今世界上两个最大的经济体，涵盖8亿多人口，国内生产总值和贸易总额分别约占全球总量的1/2和1/3。 

The United States and Europe is now the world's two largest economies,Covers more than 800 million population,Gross domestic product (GDP) and total trade respectively accounted for about half of the global total, and a third. 

　　对于大西洋两岸的政治家们而言，要达成欧美自贸协定一度是一个遥不可及的梦想。但现在看来，华盛顿和布鲁塞尔都离梦想的实现更进了一步。 

For both sides of the Atlantic for politicians,To reach Europe and the United States since the trade agreement once is an unreachable dream.But now it seems,Washington and Brussels from the realization of the dream went further. 

　　刚刚结束德国之行的美国副总统拜登，正试图评估欧盟政界对与美国进行双边贸易谈判的投入程度。尽管美欧双边贸易谈判将最早于下月启动，但德国总理默克尔此前已表示，非常感谢奥巴马将建立美欧自贸区提上议事日程，谈判若能顺利进行，将加快美欧自贸区的建立进程。 

Just finished the German tour U.S. vice President biden,Are trying to evaluate the eu political right and the bilateral trade negotiations input level.Although the American and European bilateral trade negotiations will start as early as next month,But German chancellor Angela merkel previously has said,Thank you very much Mr Obama will build us and European free trade put on the agenda,If the negotiations can be carried out smoothly,The us and Europe will speed up the establishment of free trade process. 

　　目前，美欧互为各自最大的贸易伙伴，因此，一旦美欧自贸区建立，将在规模上超过北美自贸区，并且可能成为促进美欧之间贸易增长的新途径。自去年起，美欧已经就如何推进谈判举行了广泛会谈。谈判已从简单的关税问题，推进到了更为复杂的内部监管问题。 

At present,The us and Europe are their biggest trading partner,so,Once a free us and Europe,Will the scale over North America free trade,And may be to promote trade between the American and European growth of the new way.Since last year,The us and Europe have held talks on how to promote widely talks.Negotiations have from simple tariffs,To promote more complex internal supervision problem. 

　　当时，欧盟贸易委员德古特（Karel De Gucht）在都柏林时表示：“这还是多年来双方第一次认真推动欧美自由贸易协定。”欧盟驻美国大使德阿尔梅达则认为：“双方都在努力为谈判做充分准备，没有人希望谈判结果付诸东流。” 

At that time,The eu trade commissioner, dracula(karel DE Gucht)In Dublin, said:"This is the first time for many years both sides carefully push Europe and the United States free trade agreement."The European Union's ambassador in the United States AErMeiDa is considered:"Both sides are working hard for the negotiations to do adequate preparation,No one wants to count the negotiations." 

　　尽管美欧双方都对跨大西洋双边贸易协定的签署寄予了期望，但是协议的真正签订还须直面技术与国内规则方面的挑战。就美欧贸易而言，贸易政策不仅限于进口关税，同时包括众多贸易规则。其中，技术标准已成为最大的挑战。比如，美欧双方已承诺在电动汽车标准方面进行合作，但对于传统汽车安全机制如何统一依旧存在分歧。 

Although both the us and Europe to cross the Atlantic ocean bilateral trade agreement signed had expected,But the real sign agreement still must face to face with technology and domestic rules challenges.American and European trade is concerned,Trade policy is not only limited to import tariffs,At the same time, including many trade rules.the,Technical standard has become the biggest challenge.Such as,Both the us and Europe has promised in the electric vehicle standard cooperation,But for the traditional car security mechanism how to unified differences still exist. 

　　即使美欧双方在技术方面达成一致，机构与理念方面的差异显然无法轻易克服。在欧美内部，不同机构通常有不同规定。而且，随着欧洲议会权力的不断上升，国际条约将不再能容易通过。 

Even if the us and Europe in terms of technology agreement,Institutions and concept differences obviously cannot easily overcome.In Europe and the United States internal,Different organizations usually have different provisions.and,Along with the European parliament rising power,International treaty will no longer can easily through the. 

　　欧洲议会主席舒尔兹（Martin Schulz）在近期访问华盛顿时也强调，美欧在诸如食品安全、消费者保护和环境标准上存在分歧，鉴于这些分歧深受文化理念的影响，谈判将注定是场拉锯战。 

The European parliament President schultz(Martin Schulz)In the near future to visit Washington also emphasized,In the us and Europe, such as food safety/Consumer protection and environmental standard differences,In view of these differences are the influence of cultural concept,The negotiations will be destined to be a seesaw battle. 

　　TPP谈判中的日本难题 

TPP negotiations of the Japanese problem 

　　而经济潜力巨大的亚太地区，显然也是美国垂涎的一块肥肉。自从近两年美国“重返亚太”战略开始加速后，TPP就一直是亚太地区经贸领域的热门话题。 

And the economic potential of the huge in the asia-pacific region,Obviously the United States coveted a piece of fat meat.Nearly two years since the United States"Return to the"After the strategy to accelerate,TPP has been in the asia-pacific region is a hot topic in the field of economy and trade. 

　　TPP本是由新西兰、新加坡、智利和文莱等四国发起，由于初期成员国数量少，在全球贸易中所占份额不大，并不为人所知。但自2009年美国宣布加入该协定之后，TPP一举跃升为成为亚太地区重要的经济合作机制之一。 

This is the New Zealand TPP/Singapore/Chile and brunei launched four,Due to the initial member quantity is less,In the global trade share is not big,Is not known.But since in 2009 the United States announced after join the treaty,Every TPP jumped to become the asia-pacific region is one of the important economic cooperation mechanism. 

　　鉴于TPP旨在实现所有商品零关税、实行彻底开放，同时还要涉及到诸如知识产权、劳工标准、环境保护、农业等相关政策，因此要在今年9月前达成协议似乎有点操之过急。但其困难之处还在于，除了目前的谈判伙伴，美国必须将最重要的日本囊括其中。 

In view of TPP aims to realize all the goods zero tariff/Open thoroughly implement,At the same time also involve such as intellectual property/Labor standard/Environmental protection/Agricultural and other related policy,So in September this year to reach an agreement before seems a little too.But the difficulty is that,In addition to the partners in the negotiations,The United States must will be the most important ranging from Japan. 

　　日本是仅次于中国的亚洲第二大经济体，但其贸易进一步发展仍然受制于国内根深蒂固的农业保护主义。外交学院教授周永生此前在接受《第一财经日报》记者采访时表示：“日本经济中最薄弱的环节就是农业，因此，农业部门坚决反对，认为加入TPP会导致日本农业陷入深渊。” 

Japan is second only to China's Asia's second largest economy,But its trade further development is still subject to domestic deep-rooted agricultural protectionism.Foreign affairs college professor in ZhouYongSheng previously accepted[The first financial daily]A reporter to interview said:"The Japanese economy in the weakest link is agriculture,so,The department of agriculture firmly opposed,Think to join TPP can lead to the Japanese agricultural into the deep." 

　　日本官员则表示，考虑到TPP问题在日本国内的敏感性，首相安倍晋三在本月访美期间，不太可能宣布日本会加入TPP的谈判进程。此外，美国国内的一些行业也对日本是否加入TPP谈判持观望态度。 

Japanese officials, said,Considering the TPP problem in Japan domestic sensitivity,Prime minister shinzo Abe in this month during his trip to the United States,Unlikely he announced that Japan will join TPP negotiation process.In addition,Some of the industry in the United States and Japan to whether or not to join the TPP negotiations sidelined. 

　　其中，美国汽车业可能是日本加入TPP的首要冲击对象。尽管目前日本在美设有不少汽车制造厂，但是考虑到一旦日本加入TPP，美国将从日本进口更多汽车时，美国的汽车业仍持保留意见。 

the,If the American automobile industry may be Japan to join TPP primary impact object.Although Japan in the United States has many car manufacturers,But considering the once Japan to join TPP,The United States will import more from the Japanese car,The American automobile industry is still a qualified opinion. 

　　因此对于美国而言，欲借TPP制定新的亚太经贸规则并不是件容易的事情。而且，从参与TPP谈判的主体来看，相关国家实力参差不齐，再加上涵盖范围甚广，TPP的具体落实也困难重重。 

For in the United States,To borrow TPP make new asia-pacific economic and trade rules and is not easy to do.and,From the main body of TPP in negotiations to see,Relevant national power is uneven,Plus covers a full range,The specific implementation of TPP also difficult. 

　　目前，美国贸易代表柯克将于本月底卸任，奥巴马需要任命一名新的贸易代表接任这一职位。而美国商务部预计也将迎来人事变动。 

At present,The United States trade representative kirk will by the end of the month the outgoing,Mr Obama needs to appoint a new trade representative take over the job.The ministry of commerce and the United States are expected to have personnel changes.