中日经济

Sino-japanese economic

　　依存度调查③

Dependence survey (3)

　　由于日本政府宣布“购买”钓鱼岛而引发的中日争端不可避免地从政治领域延伸到经济领域。民众自发的“抵制日货”行动让中日经贸关系降入冰点。那么，中日经济之间的依存度究竟如何？在汽车等领域的“抵制”对中日谁的影响大？如果未来需采取进一步经济制裁该从何处“发力”？本报连续三天推出了专题报道，解析相关问题，读者自可从中得到启示。

Because of the Japanese government has announced"buy"Diaoyu islands and cause the dispute inevitably from the political field extends to the economic field.People spontaneous"Boycott Japanese goods"Action for china-japan economic and trade relationship drop into the freezing point.so,Sino-japanese economic dependence between how?In automobile and other areas of"boycott"In China and Japan who influence?If the future need to take further economic sanctions where"Hair force"?This newspaper for three consecutive days, introduced a special report,Analytic related problems,Readers can get some enlightenment from.

　　两年前，中日钓鱼岛撞船事件发生后，中国曾在两个月时间里未向日本出口稀土，日本舆论将之视为中国对日本的“经济制裁”，因为稀土是不可或缺的工业原料，日本绝大部分稀土都从中国进口。如今，中日关于钓鱼岛的争端再度升级，一部分经济学家呼吁减少对日本的资源出口，中国民间“限制稀土出口”的呼声更是高涨。中日之间关于稀土的贸易战看点颇多，日本究竟害不害怕中国限制稀土出口？WTO在“稀土贸易战”中将起到什么作用？中国究竟是不是通过限制稀土出口来制裁日本呢？

Two years ago,The diaoyu islands a collision after the incident,China has in two months not to Japanese export rare earth,The Japanese public opinion as a Chinese to Japanese"Economic sanctions",Because of rare earth is indispensable industrial raw material,Japan most of the rare earth were imported from China.now,The dispute about the diaoyu island once again to upgrade,Part of the economists calling for reducing export to Japan's resources,China folk"Rare earth export restrictions"Call is high.The rare earth trade between about read quite a lot,Japan actually afraid to China rare earth export restrictions?WTO in"Rare earth trade war"What role will play?China whether by limiting the number of rare earth export to Japan? Sanctions?

　　■日本难摆脱中国稀土（行情,资讯,评论）依赖症

S Japan difficult to get rid of China rare earth(market,information,comments)dependence

　　稀土是镧、钕、钪等17种元素的统称，属于流通量较小的“稀有金属”，稀土与某些金属混合后可以提高磁性及耐热性，因此稀土被广泛应用于尖端工业领域，被形象地称为“工业黄金”、“工业维生素”。

Rare earth lanthanum is/neodymium/Scandium 17 kinds of elements collectively,Belong to 1 freefloat smaller"Rare metal",Rare earth and some metal mixture can improve the magnetic properties and heat resistance,So rare earth has been widely applied in the advanced industrial field,Image is called"Industrial gold"/"Industrial vitamin".

　　中国、俄罗斯、美国、澳大利亚是世界上四大稀土拥有国，中国稀土资源探明储量占全球的36.52%，是世界第一大稀土资源国。

China/Russia/The United States/Australia is the world's four big rare earth YongYouGuo,China rare earth resources proved reserves accounted for 36.52% of the world's,Is the world's first big rare earth resource countries.

　　2009年之前，日本稀土九成以上都要依靠从中国进口，而日本政府一直想摆脱这种中国稀土依赖症。2010年10月，日本宣布提前实施开发稀土替代材料的计划，同时准备在更多国家开发稀土，实现稀土的多渠道供应，希望逐步降低进口中国稀土的比例。今年上半年日本从中国进口的稀土金属总量为3007吨，所占比例为49.3%，这是自2000年以来首次降至50%以下。

2009 years ago,Japan rare earth more than ninety percent depends on imports from China,While the Japanese government have been trying to get rid of this kind of China rare earth dependence.In October 2010,Japan announced the implementation of the early development of rare earth replacement material plan,At the same time in more countries to develop rare earth,To realize the rare earth multi-channel supply,Hope to gradually reduce the proportion of the import of Chinese rare earth.In the first half of this year Japan imported from China rare earth metal total for 3007 tons,The proportion is 49.3%,This is the first time since 2000 that drop to below 50%.

　　不过，由于稀土有“轻稀土”、“中重稀土”之分，目前日本在轻稀土方面对中国的依赖度有所降低，但中重稀土对中国的依赖度仍为90%以上。

but,Because of rare earth have"Light rare earth"/"Heavy rare earth in"cent,At present Japan in the light rare earth on China's dependency reduced,But the heavy rare earth to China's dependency is still more than 90%.

　　■中国不甘稀土卖成白菜价

S China rare earth unwilling to sell into Chinese cabbage price

　　对外经贸大学中国世贸组织研究院副院长屠新泉指出，中国稀土长年以来供应量占全球的90%以上，并不是说其他国家无法开采稀土，或者其他国家的稀土品质不佳，而是中国稀土的价格低，硬生生将美国、澳大利亚等国的稀土挤出了市场。

Foreign economic and trade university, vice President of the China institute of the world trade organization (wto) TuXinQuan pointed out,Since China's rare earth years accounted for more than 90% of the global supply,Is not to say that other countries can't mining rare earth,Or any other country's rare earth quality is not good,But China's rare earth price low,Abruptly will the United States/Australia and other countries of the rare earth squeeze out the market.

　　工业和信息化部副部长苏波曾在接受媒体采访时介绍，美国一个公司曾作过测算，在2002年-2005年，美国生产一公斤稀土大概需要2.8美元的环境成本，我国需要5.6美元的环境成本，“当时我们的稀土售价是每公斤5.5美元，相当于把稀土这一属于黄金档次的资源当白菜价格去出售。”

Vice minister of industry and information SuBo once, when being interviewed by the media is introduced,The United States a company has become estimates,In 2002-2005,The United States production one kilogram of rare earth probably need $2.8 environmental cost,The country needs the environmental costs of $5.6,"When our rare earth price is $5.5 per kg,The equivalent of rare earth this belongs to the gold class resources when Chinese cabbage price to sell."

　　中国稀土产量的大幅提升，伴随而来的是对环境的破坏和污染。苏波表示，全球稀土的各储量国之所以关闭许多工厂，原因之一就是稀土的开采生产污染环境。

China rare earth yield increases,With is to the environment destruction and pollution.SuBo said,Global rare earth the reserves countries are closed many factories,One reason is that rare earth production pollution of the environment.

　　据悉，中国近年来严格控制稀土开采和生产总量，同步实施有关开采、生产、消费及出口的限制措施，合理确定年度稀土出口配额总量，以此维护公平合理的稀土市场秩序。

It is reported,In recent years China has strictly control the total amount of rare earth mining and production,Synchronous implement relevant mining/production/The consumption and export restrictions,Reasonable determination of rare earth annual total amount of export quotas,To maintain a fair and reasonable rare earth market order.

　　■日本借WTO向中国施压

S Japan by WTO to put pressure on China

　　中国限制稀土开采、生产、消费以及出口，日本无疑是最为焦急的国家。今年3月，日本、美国、欧盟向WTO提起诉讼，称中国限制稀土出口的做法违反了WTO规则，存在贸易歧视行为，针对稀土出口征收的出口税也违背中国入世时的承诺。

China rare earth mining limit/production/Consumption and export,Japan is undoubtedly the most anxious state.In march this year,Japan/The United States/The European Union a lawsuit to WTO,Say Chinese restrictions on the export of rare earth has violated WTO rules,Existing trade discrimination behavior,In rare earth export to the collection of export tax also against China's entry into the wto promises.

　　今年6月，日美欧要求WTO设立专家组，处理日美欧等与中国之间的稀土出口纠纷问题。据悉，专家组将耗时约1年对该问题进行审理。

In June this year,The us and Europe, WTO requirements set up expert group,Processing, such as the us and Europe between China and rare earth export dispute problem.It is reported,Their expertise will take about 1 year trial about this problem.

　　屠新泉指出，WTO并不具有制裁权，如果中国败诉后不执行专家组的裁决，胜诉方或将采取报复性措施，即禁止向中国出口某些产品，或者对从中国进口的某些产品征收报复性关税。

TuXinQuan pointed out that,WTO does not have a right to sanctions,If China after lose not to enforce the award of the expert group,Winning party or will take retaliatory measures,That is banned the export to China some products,Or to some of the products imported from China to retaliatory tariffs.

　　在WTO起诉中国的同时，日本还在运用心理战向中国施压：东京大学一个研究小组6月底高调宣布，在日本专属经济区海底发现了大型稀土矿床，称稀土储量可供日本消费230年。分析人士指出，日本此举是在告诉中国，海底稀土资源丰富，不要认为自己是世界第一大稀土资源国就可以囤积居奇。

In its WTO action against China at the same time,Japan also in the use of psychological warfare to put pressure on China:Tokyo university, a research team at the end of June high-profile announced,In Japan's exclusive economic zone submarine found large rare earth ore deposit,Say rare earth reserves for Japanese consumption in 230.Analysts pointed out that,In Japan the move is told China,Submarine rare earth resources are rich,Don't think he is the world's first big rare earth resource countries can hoarding and speculation.

　　对于中日之间的这场“稀土贸易战”，屠新泉表示中国限制稀土出口，并不是针对日本的贸易战手段，主要目的还是在于改变国内稀土资源开发的无序状态，保护国内无法再生的自然资源，这种做法是符合WTO规则的。

For the between Japan and China"Rare earth trade war",TuXinQuan said China rare earth export restrictions,It is not aimed at Japan's trade war means,The main purpose is to change or domestic rare earth resources development of the disordered state,Protect domestic cannot renewable natural resources,This kind of practice is accord with the WTO rules.